Jennifer Stromer-Galley
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 175087 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Jennifer Stromer-Galley |
| PRENOMES | Jennifer |
| SOBRENOME | Stromer-Galley |
| ASSINATURA | STROMER-GALLEY J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University at Albany, NY, USA |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 28 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 131 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 20 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 8 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2000 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Reducing political polarization through conversations with artificial intelligence
Political polarization is threatening the welfare of individuals and societies. Connecting insights gained from interpersonal communication to human–machine communication, we hypothesized that positive interactions with artificial intelligence (AI) could reduce polarization between humans. To evaluate this proposition, two experiments were conducted, in which human participants (N = 1,035) communicated with AI chatbots in real time. The bots enga…
Immigration-related socio-cognitive dynamics driving digital hate
Amid crises, immigration-related digital hate is rising. When perpetrators attempt to rationalize their actions, various socio-cognitive dynamics activate. We theorize that immigration-related moral disengagement serves as the key mechanism between perceived immigration threats and digital hate perpetration (i.e., online incivility and intolerance). Also, we argue that constant victimization perceptions amplify this process. Using cross-sectional…
Social (media) psychology of the “news-finds-me” perception
Unintended encounters with news on social media can foster a reliance on incidental news exposure and the perception that “news finds me.” Because the “news-finds-me” (NFM) perception has negative consequences for informed and engaged citizenship, explaining it has become a priority in recent years. This two-wave survey of adults in the USA incorporates scholarship on social media habits and social media mindsets for an expanded view of the antec…
Unleash Britain’s Potential (To Go Negative)
Negative campaigning has long concerned scholars because of the potential effects on the electorate and on democracy. Most scholarship has focused on single-election studies in the United States, whereas less is known about how campaigns go on the attack in the UK, and few compare two elections. Drawing from a dataset of Facebook posts by parties and leaders in Great Britain during the five weeks of campaigning in the 2017 and 2019 General Electi…
Categorizing political campaign messages on social media using supervised machine learning
Scholars have access to a rich source of political discourse via social media. Although computational approaches to understand this communication are being used, they tend to be unsupervised and off-the-shelf algorithms to describe a corpus of messages. This article details our approach at using human-supervised machine learning to study political campaign messages. Although some declare this technique too labor-intensive, it provides theoretical…
The story of social media
This article examines how American news media have framed social media as political technologies over time. To do so, we analyzed 16 years of political news stories focusing on social media, published by American newspapers (N = 8,218) and broadcasters (N = 6,064) (2006–2021). Using automated content analysis, we found that coverage of social media in political news stories: (a) increasingly uses anxious, angry, and moral language, (b) is consist…
The effects of disagreement and unfriending on political polarization
Cross-cutting discussion is the foundation of deliberative democracy. However, previous research has reported inconsistent results regarding the effects of exposure to dissimilar perspectives on political polarization. This study aims to extend the literature by exploring how cross-cutting discussion influences affective polarization through unfriending and how this indirect effect is contingent upon exposure to incivility. The study analyzes pan…
Facts are hard to come by
How credulous are we when engaging information on social media? Addressing this question, this article aims to understand how individuals’ epistemic vigilance, a set of cognitive mechanisms that comprise our system of precaution in social interactions, may operate and fall short. Reporting findings from two survey experiments (Study 1, N = 413; Study 2, N = 392), we show that participants tended to be skeptical toward social media news, were reas…
The social movement was live streamed
This study proposes a sociotechnical framework to study digital media and social movements and uses it to analyze the 2019 protests in Hong Kong. Informed by actor-network theory, this framework examines media technology as infrastructure, practice, and text, and discusses its relation to other actors/actants in the network of social movements. Based on qualitative analysis of live streaming sessions and in-depth interviews with journalists and a…
When national identity meets conspiracies
There are growing concerns about the role of identity narratives in spreading misinformation on social media, which threatens informed citizenship. Drawing on the social identity model of deindividualization effects (SIDE) and social identity theory, we investigate how the use of national identity language is associated with the diffusion and discourse of COVID-19 conspiracy theories on Weibo, a popular social media platform in China. Our results…
More than “Fake News
While the debate around the prevalence and potential effects of fake news has received considerable scholarly attention, less research has focused on how political elites and pundits weaponized fake news to delegitimize the media. In this study, we examine the rhetoric in 2020 U.S. presidential primary candidates Facebook advertisements. Our analysis suggests that Republican and Democratic candidates alike attack and demean the news media on seve…
Political Messaging Over Time
Political campaigns have a temporal nature, which means that the strategic environment shapes the nature of candidate communication, especially the stages of campaigning-from surfacing to the general election. As social media platforms have matured and political campaigns have normalized their use of those platforms in this decade, this study examines the 2016 and 2020 US presidential campaign communication on Facebook and Twitter using data from…
Exploring the Relationship Between Campaign Discourse on Facebook and the Public’s Comments
Social media is now ubiquitously used by political campaigns, but less attention has been given to public discussions that take place on candidates’ free public accounts on social media. Also unclear is whether there is a relationship between campaign messaging and the tone of public comments. To address this gap, this article analyzes public comments on Facebook accounts of candidates Trump and Clinton during the US election presidential debates…
A circulação da (des)informação política no WhatsApp e no Facebook
As eleições de 2018 no Brasil colocaram em destaque a circulação de informação política e os impactos da desinformação na formação da opinião pública. O declínio da confiança nas notícias veiculadas pela grande mídia foi terreno fértil para o aumento das fake news, que atuaram fortemente na produção de conteúdos sobre as campanhas. Nesse contexto, também chamou a atenção a utilização dos sites de redes sociais (SRSs) e o serviço móvel de mensagen…
The relationship between race competitiveness, standing in the polls, and social media communication strategies during the 2014 U.S. gubernatorial campaigns
Political campaigns have been systematically using social media for strategic advantage. However, little is known about how competitiveness affects the ways candidates communicate online. Our study analyzes how race competitiveness as measured by polling performance influences candidates’ strategies on Twitter and Facebook. We analyze all social media messages of Republican and Democratic candidates in states that held gubernatorial elections in …
Tweeting to the Target
This paper reports on a mixed-methods (i.e., content analysis, machine learning, and quantitative analysis) study of Twitter use among 74 U.S. gubernatorial candidates during the 2014 election. In extending the theory of controlled interactivity, this article focuses on politicians’ use of the @mention where we detail differing messaging strategies when candidates mention themselves versus their opponents, and between incumbents and challengers. …
Social Media, Opinion Polls, and the Use of Persuasive Messages During the 2016 US Election Primaries
Political campaigns' use of digital technologies has been a topic of scholarly concern for over two decades, but most studies have been focused on analyzing the use of digital platforms without considering contextual factors of the race, like public opinion polls. Opinion polls are an important information source for citizens and candidates and provide the latter with information that might drive strategic communication. In this article, we explo…
Context and Medium Matter
Processes of disagreement are important to public deliberation, but research has not examined the dynamics of disagreement in deliberation of political topics with respect to effects of the channel of interaction. This study analyzes the discussions generated via an experiment in which discussants were randomly assigned either to deliberate online via synchronous chat or face-to-face. The study compares the initiation of disagreement, its qualiti…
Presidential Campaigning in the Internet Age
Presidential Campaigning in the Internet Age challenges popular claims about the democratizing effect of Digital Communication Technologies (DCTs).
The strategic female
As players craft and enact identities in digital games, the relationship between player and avatar gender remains unclear. This study examines how 11 in-game chat, movement, and appearance behaviors differed by gender and by men who did and did not use a female avatar – or ‘gender-switchers’. Drawing on social role and feminist theories of gender, we argue that gender differences in behavior align with the social roles and norms that establish ap…
Deliberative E-Rulemaking Project
This article describes the challenges facing a federal government–funded initiative to promote online deliberation to improve the public comment process by federal and state government agencies in the United States. The three year project met several difficulties. Some have been technical, but our primary obstacle has been in securing partnerships with government agencies. Due to institutional, legal, and organizational challenges, many governmen…
The Democratic Divide in the 2008 U.S. Presidential Election
By analyzing Pew Internet and American Life Project's postelection survey, this article examines whether there continues to exist a democratic digital divide in the 2008 U.S. presidential election season. The research focuses on the divide patterns of four different types of political Internet use: information-seeking, communication, mobilization, and use of social networking sites. The research results suggest a higher likelihood for the socioec…
Public policy and obstacles to the virtual agora
Cyber-optimists anticipate that electronic media will serve as an extensive public space, a virtual agora, that will re-engage the public with politics and the policies that affect everyday life. For three years we were involved in a U.S. National Science Foundation funded project desig ned to enhance the participation of citizens in government agency rulemaking processes using online public deliberation and Natural Language Processing technologi…
Agreement and Disagreement in Group Deliberation
While research on democratic deliberation has burgeoned, little systematic work has been done on the effects of the communication content of deliberations. We examine how expressions of agreement and disagreement during online deliberation affect participants' evaluations of their experience, including satisfaction, reevaluation of opinions, and expected future participation. The effects of these evaluations on perceived legitimacy and opinion am…
Measuring Deliberation’s Content
This paper details a content analysis scheme to measure the quality of political deliberation in face-to-face and online groups. Much of deliberation research studies the outcomes of deliberation, but there has been a lack of analysis of what groups actually do when tasked with deliberating. The coding scheme was developed out of the theoretical literature on deliberation and further enhanced by the empirical literature on small groups, deliberat…
Agreement and Disagreement in Group Deliberation
While research on democratic deliberation has burgeoned, little systematic work has been done on the effects of the communication content of deliberations. We examine how expressions of agreement and disagreement during online deliberation affect participants' evaluations of their experience, including satisfaction, reevaluation of opinions, and expected future participation. The effects of these evaluations on perceived legitimacy and opinion am…
Exploring the Relationship Between Campaign Discourse on Facebook and the Public’s Comments
Social media is now ubiquitously used by political campaigns, but less attention has been given to public discussions that take place on candidates’ free public accounts on social media. Also unclear is whether there is a relationship between campaign messaging and the tone of public comments. To address this gap, this article analyzes public comments on Facebook accounts of candidates Trump and Clinton during the US election presidential debates…
Interactivity-as-Product and Interactivity-as-Process
This article attempts to clarify the murky conceptual water of “interactivity,” arguing that the term refers to two distinct phenomena: interactivity between people and interactivity between people and computers or networks. The former orients research on the process of interactivity. The latter orients research on the product of interactivity. That two distinct phenomena have been labeled with the same term causes problems when one wants to move…
Tweeting to the Target
This paper reports on a mixed-methods (i.e., content analysis, machine learning, and quantitative analysis) study of Twitter use among 74 U.S. gubernatorial candidates during the 2014 election. In extending the theory of controlled interactivity, this article focuses on politicians’ use of the @mention where we detail differing messaging strategies when candidates mention themselves versus their opponents, and between incumbents and challengers. …
More than “Fake News
While the debate around the prevalence and potential effects of fake news has received considerable scholarly attention, less research has focused on how political elites and pundits weaponized fake news to delegitimize the media. In this study, we examine the rhetoric in 2020 U.S. presidential primary candidates Facebook advertisements. Our analysis suggests that Republican and Democratic candidates alike attack and demean the news media on seve…
Unleash Britain’s Potential (To Go Negative)
Negative campaigning has long concerned scholars because of the potential effects on the electorate and on democracy. Most scholarship has focused on single-election studies in the United States, whereas less is known about how campaigns go on the attack in the UK, and few compare two elections. Drawing from a dataset of Facebook posts by parties and leaders in Great Britain during the five weeks of campaigning in the 2017 and 2019 General Electi…
The Democratic Divide in the 2008 U.S. Presidential Election
By analyzing Pew Internet and American Life Project's postelection survey, this article examines whether there continues to exist a democratic digital divide in the 2008 U.S. presidential election season. The research focuses on the divide patterns of four different types of political Internet use: information-seeking, communication, mobilization, and use of social networking sites. The research results suggest a higher likelihood for the socioec…
Public policy and obstacles to the virtual agora
Cyber-optimists anticipate that electronic media will serve as an extensive public space, a virtual agora, that will re-engage the public with politics and the policies that affect everyday life. For three years we were involved in a U.S. National Science Foundation funded project desig ned to enhance the participation of citizens in government agency rulemaking processes using online public deliberation and Natural Language Processing technologi…
When national identity meets conspiracies
There are growing concerns about the role of identity narratives in spreading misinformation on social media, which threatens informed citizenship. Drawing on the social identity model of deindividualization effects (SIDE) and social identity theory, we investigate how the use of national identity language is associated with the diffusion and discourse of COVID-19 conspiracy theories on Weibo, a popular social media platform in China. Our results…
Social Media, Opinion Polls, and the Use of Persuasive Messages During the 2016 US Election Primaries
Political campaigns' use of digital technologies has been a topic of scholarly concern for over two decades, but most studies have been focused on analyzing the use of digital platforms without considering contextual factors of the race, like public opinion polls. Opinion polls are an important information source for citizens and candidates and provide the latter with information that might drive strategic communication. In this article, we explo…
Deliberative E-Rulemaking Project
This article describes the challenges facing a federal government–funded initiative to promote online deliberation to improve the public comment process by federal and state government agencies in the United States. The three year project met several difficulties. Some have been technical, but our primary obstacle has been in securing partnerships with government agencies. Due to institutional, legal, and organizational challenges, many governmen…
The Digital Dollhouse
This article investigates the relationships between norms and the rich visual environment of the multiplayer game The Sims Online (TSO). Literature suggests that people exhibit normative behavior in online environments. The complex actions and interactions possible with the game's avatars and a minimal game structure make TSO an evocative online space in which to examine social interaction. Through participation and observation, we examined conve…
The effects of disagreement and unfriending on political polarization
Cross-cutting discussion is the foundation of deliberative democracy. However, previous research has reported inconsistent results regarding the effects of exposure to dissimilar perspectives on political polarization. This study aims to extend the literature by exploring how cross-cutting discussion influences affective polarization through unfriending and how this indirect effect is contingent upon exposure to incivility. The study analyzes pan…
The story of social media
This article examines how American news media have framed social media as political technologies over time. To do so, we analyzed 16 years of political news stories focusing on social media, published by American newspapers (N = 8,218) and broadcasters (N = 6,064) (2006–2021). Using automated content analysis, we found that coverage of social media in political news stories: (a) increasingly uses anxious, angry, and moral language, (b) is consist…
The social movement was live streamed
This study proposes a sociotechnical framework to study digital media and social movements and uses it to analyze the 2019 protests in Hong Kong. Informed by actor-network theory, this framework examines media technology as infrastructure, practice, and text, and discusses its relation to other actors/actants in the network of social movements. Based on qualitative analysis of live streaming sessions and in-depth interviews with journalists and a…
Social (media) psychology of the “news-finds-me” perception
Unintended encounters with news on social media can foster a reliance on incidental news exposure and the perception that “news finds me.” Because the “news-finds-me” (NFM) perception has negative consequences for informed and engaged citizenship, explaining it has become a priority in recent years. This two-wave survey of adults in the USA incorporates scholarship on social media habits and social media mindsets for an expanded view of the antec…
Categorizing political campaign messages on social media using supervised machine learning
Scholars have access to a rich source of political discourse via social media. Although computational approaches to understand this communication are being used, they tend to be unsupervised and off-the-shelf algorithms to describe a corpus of messages. This article details our approach at using human-supervised machine learning to study political campaign messages. Although some declare this technique too labor-intensive, it provides theoretical…
Facts are hard to come by
How credulous are we when engaging information on social media? Addressing this question, this article aims to understand how individuals’ epistemic vigilance, a set of cognitive mechanisms that comprise our system of precaution in social interactions, may operate and fall short. Reporting findings from two survey experiments (Study 1, N = 413; Study 2, N = 392), we show that participants tended to be skeptical toward social media news, were reas…
On-Line Interaction and Why Candidates Avoid It
Journal Article On-Line Interaction and Why Candidates Avoid It Get access Jennifer Stromer-Galley Jennifer Stromer-Galley 1Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Communication, Volume 50, Issue 4, December 2000, Pages 111–132, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02865.x Published: 10 January 2006
Interactivity-as-Product and Interactivity-as-Process
This article attempts to clarify the murky conceptual water of “interactivity,” arguing that the term refers to two distinct phenomena: interactivity between people and interactivity between people and computers or networks. The former orients research on the process of interactivity. The latter orients research on the product of interactivity. That two distinct phenomena have been labeled with the same term causes problems when one wants to move…
Measuring Deliberation’s Content
This paper details a content analysis scheme to measure the quality of political deliberation in face-to-face and online groups. Much of deliberation research studies the outcomes of deliberation, but there has been a lack of analysis of what groups actually do when tasked with deliberating. The coding scheme was developed out of the theoretical literature on deliberation and further enhanced by the empirical literature on small groups, deliberat…
The Digital Dollhouse
This article investigates the relationships between norms and the rich visual environment of the multiplayer game The Sims Online (TSO). Literature suggests that people exhibit normative behavior in online environments. The complex actions and interactions possible with the game's avatars and a minimal game structure make TSO an evocative online space in which to examine social interaction. Through participation and observation, we examined conve…
Agreement and Disagreement in Group Deliberation
While research on democratic deliberation has burgeoned, little systematic work has been done on the effects of the communication content of deliberations. We examine how expressions of agreement and disagreement during online deliberation affect participants' evaluations of their experience, including satisfaction, reevaluation of opinions, and expected future participation. The effects of these evaluations on perceived legitimacy and opinion am…
The Democratic Divide in the 2008 U.S. Presidential Election
By analyzing Pew Internet and American Life Project's postelection survey, this article examines whether there continues to exist a democratic digital divide in the 2008 U.S. presidential election season. The research focuses on the divide patterns of four different types of political Internet use: information-seeking, communication, mobilization, and use of social networking sites. The research results suggest a higher likelihood for the socioec…
Public policy and obstacles to the virtual agora
Cyber-optimists anticipate that electronic media will serve as an extensive public space, a virtual agora, that will re-engage the public with politics and the policies that affect everyday life. For three years we were involved in a U.S. National Science Foundation funded project desig ned to enhance the participation of citizens in government agency rulemaking processes using online public deliberation and Natural Language Processing technologi…
Deliberative E-Rulemaking Project
This article describes the challenges facing a federal government–funded initiative to promote online deliberation to improve the public comment process by federal and state government agencies in the United States. The three year project met several difficulties. Some have been technical, but our primary obstacle has been in securing partnerships with government agencies. Due to institutional, legal, and organizational challenges, many governmen…
Presidential Campaigning in the Internet Age
Presidential Campaigning in the Internet Age challenges popular claims about the democratizing effect of Digital Communication Technologies (DCTs).
The strategic female
As players craft and enact identities in digital games, the relationship between player and avatar gender remains unclear. This study examines how 11 in-game chat, movement, and appearance behaviors differed by gender and by men who did and did not use a female avatar – or ‘gender-switchers’. Drawing on social role and feminist theories of gender, we argue that gender differences in behavior align with the social roles and norms that establish ap…
Context and Medium Matter
Processes of disagreement are important to public deliberation, but research has not examined the dynamics of disagreement in deliberation of political topics with respect to effects of the channel of interaction. This study analyzes the discussions generated via an experiment in which discussants were randomly assigned either to deliberate online via synchronous chat or face-to-face. The study compares the initiation of disagreement, its qualiti…
The relationship between race competitiveness, standing in the polls, and social media communication strategies during the 2014 U.S. gubernatorial campaigns
Political campaigns have been systematically using social media for strategic advantage. However, little is known about how competitiveness affects the ways candidates communicate online. Our study analyzes how race competitiveness as measured by polling performance influences candidates’ strategies on Twitter and Facebook. We analyze all social media messages of Republican and Democratic candidates in states that held gubernatorial elections in …
Tweeting to the Target
This paper reports on a mixed-methods (i.e., content analysis, machine learning, and quantitative analysis) study of Twitter use among 74 U.S. gubernatorial candidates during the 2014 election. In extending the theory of controlled interactivity, this article focuses on politicians’ use of the @mention where we detail differing messaging strategies when candidates mention themselves versus their opponents, and between incumbents and challengers. …
Social Media, Opinion Polls, and the Use of Persuasive Messages During the 2016 US Election Primaries
Political campaigns' use of digital technologies has been a topic of scholarly concern for over two decades, but most studies have been focused on analyzing the use of digital platforms without considering contextual factors of the race, like public opinion polls. Opinion polls are an important information source for citizens and candidates and provide the latter with information that might drive strategic communication. In this article, we explo…
A circulação da (des)informação política no WhatsApp e no Facebook
As eleições de 2018 no Brasil colocaram em destaque a circulação de informação política e os impactos da desinformação na formação da opinião pública. O declínio da confiança nas notícias veiculadas pela grande mídia foi terreno fértil para o aumento das fake news, que atuaram fortemente na produção de conteúdos sobre as campanhas. Nesse contexto, também chamou a atenção a utilização dos sites de redes sociais (SRSs) e o serviço móvel de mensagen…
Exploring the Relationship Between Campaign Discourse on Facebook and the Public’s Comments
Social media is now ubiquitously used by political campaigns, but less attention has been given to public discussions that take place on candidates’ free public accounts on social media. Also unclear is whether there is a relationship between campaign messaging and the tone of public comments. To address this gap, this article analyzes public comments on Facebook accounts of candidates Trump and Clinton during the US election presidential debates…
More than “Fake News
While the debate around the prevalence and potential effects of fake news has received considerable scholarly attention, less research has focused on how political elites and pundits weaponized fake news to delegitimize the media. In this study, we examine the rhetoric in 2020 U.S. presidential primary candidates Facebook advertisements. Our analysis suggests that Republican and Democratic candidates alike attack and demean the news media on seve…
Political Messaging Over Time
Political campaigns have a temporal nature, which means that the strategic environment shapes the nature of candidate communication, especially the stages of campaigning-from surfacing to the general election. As social media platforms have matured and political campaigns have normalized their use of those platforms in this decade, this study examines the 2016 and 2020 US presidential campaign communication on Facebook and Twitter using data from…
The social movement was live streamed
This study proposes a sociotechnical framework to study digital media and social movements and uses it to analyze the 2019 protests in Hong Kong. Informed by actor-network theory, this framework examines media technology as infrastructure, practice, and text, and discusses its relation to other actors/actants in the network of social movements. Based on qualitative analysis of live streaming sessions and in-depth interviews with journalists and a…
When national identity meets conspiracies
There are growing concerns about the role of identity narratives in spreading misinformation on social media, which threatens informed citizenship. Drawing on the social identity model of deindividualization effects (SIDE) and social identity theory, we investigate how the use of national identity language is associated with the diffusion and discourse of COVID-19 conspiracy theories on Weibo, a popular social media platform in China. Our results…
Categorizing political campaign messages on social media using supervised machine learning
Scholars have access to a rich source of political discourse via social media. Although computational approaches to understand this communication are being used, they tend to be unsupervised and off-the-shelf algorithms to describe a corpus of messages. This article details our approach at using human-supervised machine learning to study political campaign messages. Although some declare this technique too labor-intensive, it provides theoretical…
The story of social media
This article examines how American news media have framed social media as political technologies over time. To do so, we analyzed 16 years of political news stories focusing on social media, published by American newspapers (N = 8,218) and broadcasters (N = 6,064) (2006–2021). Using automated content analysis, we found that coverage of social media in political news stories: (a) increasingly uses anxious, angry, and moral language, (b) is consist…
The effects of disagreement and unfriending on political polarization
Cross-cutting discussion is the foundation of deliberative democracy. However, previous research has reported inconsistent results regarding the effects of exposure to dissimilar perspectives on political polarization. This study aims to extend the literature by exploring how cross-cutting discussion influences affective polarization through unfriending and how this indirect effect is contingent upon exposure to incivility. The study analyzes pan…
Facts are hard to come by
How credulous are we when engaging information on social media? Addressing this question, this article aims to understand how individuals’ epistemic vigilance, a set of cognitive mechanisms that comprise our system of precaution in social interactions, may operate and fall short. Reporting findings from two survey experiments (Study 1, N = 413; Study 2, N = 392), we show that participants tended to be skeptical toward social media news, were reas…
Unleash Britain’s Potential (To Go Negative)
Negative campaigning has long concerned scholars because of the potential effects on the electorate and on democracy. Most scholarship has focused on single-election studies in the United States, whereas less is known about how campaigns go on the attack in the UK, and few compare two elections. Drawing from a dataset of Facebook posts by parties and leaders in Great Britain during the five weeks of campaigning in the 2017 and 2019 General Electi…
Social Media and Politics (24 obras) · Political science (21 obras) · Politics (18 obras) · Sociology (14 obras) · Computer Science (13 obras) · Law (11 obras) · Psychology (11 obras) · Public relations (11 obras) · Social media (11 obras) · Law (9 obras)