Efraim Lev
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 1760175 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Efraim Lev |
| PRENOMES | Efraim |
| SOBRENOME | Lev |
| ASSINATURA | LEV E |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Haifa |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9914-4164 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 36 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 174 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 36 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2000 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2023 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Pharmaceutical Terminology in Ancient and Medieval Time – andrachne, chrysocolla and Others
Ancient and medieval pharmacological and medical texts contain a substantial amount of plant and mineral names. In some cases, the identification is straightforward. But for the majority of the data, we are unable to identify these ingredients with high certainty. In this paper, we discuss a selection of plant and mineral names both from a humanities and sciences point of view. In one case, the scientists were even able to examine a plant in situ…
The Phenomenon of Dynasties of Jewish Doctors in the Mamluk Period (1250–1517)
This article discusses the phenomenon of dynasties of Jewish physicians in the Late Middle Ages in Egypt and Syria. Based on Muslim Arabic historiographical literature on the one hand, and Jewish sources such as Genizah documents on the other, this paper reconstructs fourteen dynasties of Jewish physicians that were active in the Mamluk Sultanate (1250–1517). Examination of the families reveals that the most distinguished dynasties of court physi…
Bygone Fish
Recent excavations at late antique Negev sites have produced large quantities of Red Sea parrotfish bones. The authors place this surprising find within the context of economic processes and cultural preferences, highlighting the significant level of connectivity experienced in the Negev in late antiquity; its contacts to Red Sea systems of production, preservation, and transportation of goods; and its relationship with Mediterranean networks of …
Most-Cherished Gemstones in the Medieval Arab World
In the medieval Arab world, gemstones were used as ornaments, set in jewellery, seals, and amulets, and also were investments and status symbols. As a result of the Arab conquests and their access to new regions, the distribution and use of gemstones underwent substantial changes. Our research pieces together information regarding the production, use, trade, tradition and cultural value of gemstones from early Arabic sources; this information is …
The Probable Pagan Origin of an Ancient Jewish Custom
One of the most enigmatic of all ancient Jewish religious customs was the use of ashes of a red heifer to purify people and objects defiled by a corpse. The ashes were combined with spring water and other ingredients in a vessel to produce a mixture called “water of lustration”, which was sprinkled on the impure objects or people. We discuss four questions concerning the use of the ashes of the red heifer: (I) Why a cow? (II) Why red? (III) Why a…
The Probable Pagan Origin of an Ancient Jewish Custom
Arabian Drugs in Early Medieval Mediterranean Medicine
Explores the impact of drugs introduced by the Arabs on medieval Mediterranean medicine For more than one thousand years Arab medicine held sway in the ancient world, from the shores of Spain in the West to China, India and Sri Lanka (Ceylon) in the East. This book explores the impact of Greek (as well as Indian and Persian) medical heritage on the evolution of Arab medicine and pharmacology, investigating it from the perspective of materia medic…
On Ibn Juljul and the meaning and importance of the list of medicinal substances not mentioned by Dioscorides
Pedanius Dioscorides, a Greek physician and one of the first pharma-botanists is known mainly for his book De Materia Medica , a medical codex listing hundreds of medicinal substances. The Arabs admired Dioscorides’ legacy however they were very aware that their own inventory of drugs was much larger than his. The Andalusian physician Ibn Juljul (944 – after 994) became famous on account of several medical treaties which he wrote. He devoted most…
An Early Fragment of Ibn Jazlah's Tabulated Manual “ Taqwīm al-Abdān ” from the Cairo Genizah (T-S Ar.41.137)
Ibn Jazlah was born and raised as a Christian in Karkh (Baghdad) and died in the year 1100. He acquired his medical education in Baghdad, worked at the ʿAḍuḍi hospital, and was appointed as a registrar and physician for the court at the ʿAbbāsid capital and later became a court physician of Caliph al-Muqtadī. Ibn Jazlah wrote several books on various subjects, mainly on medicine. During the process of reconstructing the medical library of the med…
Trends in the Use of Perfumes and Incense in the Near East after the Muslim Conquests
Perfumes have been known as utilizable but exclusive products since antiquity. Use of aromatic substances was first mentioned in archaic sources of the ancient world. The origin of such fragrant substances was mainly vegetable and animal. Throughout history, the use of subtle perfumes increased and some of the exotic materials became expensive and valuable commodities. They were the source of wealth for cultures and rulers. The contribution of th…
Medieval History of the Duda’im Melon (Cucumis melo, Cucurbitaceae)
A catalogue of the medical and para-medical manuscripts in the Mosseri Genizah collection
The Mosseri collection was assembled by Jacques Mosseri (1884-1934), a leading member of the Jewish community of Cairo, between 1909 and 1911. Its more than 7000 fragments include materials from both the classical Genizah period and the modern period of Egyptian Jewry. Recently, the Mosseri collection was loaned by the Mosseri family to Cambridge University Library for conservation, digitising, cataloguing and study. This article is part of that …
A Judaeo-Arabic Fragment of Ibn-Biklārish's Kitāb al-Mustaʿīnī , Part of a Unique 12th-Century Tabular Medical Book Found in the Cairo Genizah (T-S Ar.44.218)
The reconstruction of the library of Eastern medieval Jewish scholars and medical practitioners according to the Cairo Genizah is a long-term project. In the course of the work a Judaeo-Arabic fragment of a unique tabular medical book by Ibn Biklārish (T-S Ar.44.218) was identified by the authors of this article. The fragment is unique in several respects, particularly (a) very few medieval Arabic tabular medical works are known, (b) only few wor…
Arabic Prescriptions from the Cairo Genizah
[Abstract Hitherto, research on Arabic pharmacy and pharmacology has largely been based on the study of pharmacopoeias. While practical in nature, it is not clear to what extent the recipes in the pharmacopoeias were in fact used. The Cairo Genizah, the most famous and best preserved of the many depositories of documents written by medieval Jewish communities, provides us with a unique glimpse of practical medicine, by virtue of the prescriptions…
Exploring association of spiritual perspectives with complementary medicine use among patients with Type 2 diabetes in Israel
Primary care physicians need to be aware of a possible association between religiosity and CAM use in patients with diabetes. Physicians may consider adding questions on CAM and religiosity to routine clinical interviews in order to enrich their dialog with diabetes patients
Ibn Rushd on Galen and the New Drugs Spread by the Arabs
Le developpement de la dynastie abbasside crea les conditions economiques extremement favorables aux echanges de toutes natures. Les souverains musulmans tirerent avantage de la presence dans leur empire de differentes techniques et connaissances specialisees et, ce faisant, provoquerent une veritable revolution, favorisant la diffusion d'innovations agricoles et l'emploi de nouveaux remedes, pour la plupart provenant de l'Asie du sud-est, d'Inde…
Fossils” of practical medical knowledge from medieval Cairo
Take a Lame and Decrepit Female Hyena
Sābūr ibn Sahl's al-Aqrābādhīn al-saghīr is the earliest Arabic pharmacopoeia known to have survived. Finding fragments of Sābūr's pharmacopoeia in the Cairo Genizah shows that it was used by the medical practitioners of the Jewish community of Cairo, possibly long after it is supposed to have been superceded by other works. We present here a synoptic edition of two Arabic fragments, T-S Ar. 40.5 and Ar. 41.90. These fragments overlap to a large …
Medieval Egyptian Judaeo-Arabic Prescriptions (and the edition of three medical prescriptions)
The literature on medicine in medieval Muslim countries in general and in Egypt in particular is vast and detailed. Yet study and assessment of the practical aspects of medicine in the Mediterranean society of the Middle Ages requires examination of authentic, practical medical knowledge. At present this can be extracted mainly from the prescriptions found in the Cairo Genizah; these supply a different and valuable dimension. On the importance an…
Drugs held and sold by pharmacists of the Jewish community of medieval (11–14th centuries) Cairo according to lists of materia medica found at the Taylor–Schechter Genizah collection, Cambridge
Texts/Documents/Translations - A Fragment of a Judaeo-Arabic Manuscript of Sābūr b. Sahl's Al-Aqrābādhīn al- aghīr Found in the Taylor-Schechter Cairo Genizah Collection
The Significance of the Genizah's Medical Documents for the Study of Medieval Mediterranean Trade
The medical texts in the Genizah have been analyzed mainly as part of other subjects, like the various professional classes within the Jewish community in Old Cairo. Until now few have studied these documents in their own right, despite the fact that they offer valuable insights into the medieval economy of the Eastern Mediterranean and beyond. Focussing on saffron and myrobalan, this article offers a tentative investigation of the significance o…
Ethno-diversity within current ethno-pharmacology as part of Israeli traditional medicine – A review
The Holy Land has absorbed millions of immigrants in recent centuries: Jews from East and West, Druze, Circassians, Muslim and Christian Arabs. The land is unique and diverse in geographical location and ethnic groups, and also in its cultural characteristics, including traditional medicine and use of materia medica . However, these traditions have waned over the years. The young state of Israel adopted a "melting pot" approach to fashion Jews fr…
Reconstruction of the inventory of materia medica used by members of the Jewish community of medieval Cairo according to prescriptions found in the Taylor–Schechter Genizah collection, Cambridge
Ernest William Gurney Masterman, British Physician and Scholar in the Holy Land
Ernest William Gurney Masterman (1867–1943) held a variety of positions in Jerusalem for almost forty-five years, mainly as a physician of the English Mission Hospital for the Jews and Head of the Palestine Exploration Fund in the Holy Land. As a vigorous and talented scholar he conducted researches into the diverse disciplines of medical studies, history and archaeology, geography and botany, demography and social anthropology, hydrology and epi…
Mousterian vegetal food in Kebara Cave, Mt. Carmel
Ritual plants of Muslim graveyards in northern Israel
This article surveys the botanical composition of 40 Muslim graveyards in northern Israel, accompanied by an ethnobotanical study of the folkloristic traditions of the use of these plants in cemeteries. Three groups of plants were found to be repeated systematically and were also recognized for their ritual importance: aromatics herbs (especially Salvia fruticosa and Rosmarinus officinalis), white flowered plants (mainly Narcissus tazetta, Urgine…
Healing with animals in the Levant from the 10th to the 18th century
Animals and products derived from different organs of their bodies have constituted part of the inventory of medicinal substances used in various cultures since ancient times. The article reviews the history of healing with animals in the Levant (The Land of Israel and parts of present-day Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan, defined by the Muslims in the Middle Ages as Bilad al-Sham) in the medieval and early Ottoman periods. Intensive research into the …
The ethnobotany of Christ's Thorn Jujube (Ziziphus spina-christi) in Israel
This article surveys the ethnobotany ofZiziphus spina-christi(L.) Desf. in the Middle East from various aspects: historical, religious, philological, literary, linguistic, as well as pharmacological, among Muslims, Jews, and Christians. It is suggested that this is the only tree species considered "holy" by Muslims (all the individuals of the species are sanctified by religion) in addition to its status as "sacred tree " (particular trees which a…
Trends in the Use of Perfumes and Incense in the Near East after the Muslim Conquests
Perfumes have been known as utilizable but exclusive products since antiquity. Use of aromatic substances was first mentioned in archaic sources of the ancient world. The origin of such fragrant substances was mainly vegetable and animal. Throughout history, the use of subtle perfumes increased and some of the exotic materials became expensive and valuable commodities. They were the source of wealth for cultures and rulers. The contribution of th…
The Doctrine of Signatures in Present-Day Israel1
Bygone Fish
Recent excavations at late antique Negev sites have produced large quantities of Red Sea parrotfish bones. The authors place this surprising find within the context of economic processes and cultural preferences, highlighting the significant level of connectivity experienced in the Negev in late antiquity; its contacts to Red Sea systems of production, preservation, and transportation of goods; and its relationship with Mediterranean networks of …
Most-Cherished Gemstones in the Medieval Arab World
In the medieval Arab world, gemstones were used as ornaments, set in jewellery, seals, and amulets, and also were investments and status symbols. As a result of the Arab conquests and their access to new regions, the distribution and use of gemstones underwent substantial changes. Our research pieces together information regarding the production, use, trade, tradition and cultural value of gemstones from early Arabic sources; this information is …
Arabian Drugs in Early Medieval Mediterranean Medicine
Explores the impact of drugs introduced by the Arabs on medieval Mediterranean medicine For more than one thousand years Arab medicine held sway in the ancient world, from the shores of Spain in the West to China, India and Sri Lanka (Ceylon) in the East. This book explores the impact of Greek (as well as Indian and Persian) medical heritage on the evolution of Arab medicine and pharmacology, investigating it from the perspective of materia medic…
On Ibn Juljul and the meaning and importance of the list of medicinal substances not mentioned by Dioscorides
Pedanius Dioscorides, a Greek physician and one of the first pharma-botanists is known mainly for his book De Materia Medica , a medical codex listing hundreds of medicinal substances. The Arabs admired Dioscorides’ legacy however they were very aware that their own inventory of drugs was much larger than his. The Andalusian physician Ibn Juljul (944 – after 994) became famous on account of several medical treaties which he wrote. He devoted most…
Medieval History of the Duda’im Melon (Cucumis melo, Cucurbitaceae)
A catalogue of the medical and para-medical manuscripts in the Mosseri Genizah collection
The Mosseri collection was assembled by Jacques Mosseri (1884-1934), a leading member of the Jewish community of Cairo, between 1909 and 1911. Its more than 7000 fragments include materials from both the classical Genizah period and the modern period of Egyptian Jewry. Recently, the Mosseri collection was loaned by the Mosseri family to Cambridge University Library for conservation, digitising, cataloguing and study. This article is part of that …
Exploring association of spiritual perspectives with complementary medicine use among patients with Type 2 diabetes in Israel
Primary care physicians need to be aware of a possible association between religiosity and CAM use in patients with diabetes. Physicians may consider adding questions on CAM and religiosity to routine clinical interviews in order to enrich their dialog with diabetes patients
Ibn Rushd on Galen and the New Drugs Spread by the Arabs
Le developpement de la dynastie abbasside crea les conditions economiques extremement favorables aux echanges de toutes natures. Les souverains musulmans tirerent avantage de la presence dans leur empire de differentes techniques et connaissances specialisees et, ce faisant, provoquerent une veritable revolution, favorisant la diffusion d'innovations agricoles et l'emploi de nouveaux remedes, pour la plupart provenant de l'Asie du sud-est, d'Inde…
Take a Lame and Decrepit Female Hyena
Sābūr ibn Sahl's al-Aqrābādhīn al-saghīr is the earliest Arabic pharmacopoeia known to have survived. Finding fragments of Sābūr's pharmacopoeia in the Cairo Genizah shows that it was used by the medical practitioners of the Jewish community of Cairo, possibly long after it is supposed to have been superceded by other works. We present here a synoptic edition of two Arabic fragments, T-S Ar. 40.5 and Ar. 41.90. These fragments overlap to a large …
Medieval Egyptian Judaeo-Arabic Prescriptions (and the edition of three medical prescriptions)
The literature on medicine in medieval Muslim countries in general and in Egypt in particular is vast and detailed. Yet study and assessment of the practical aspects of medicine in the Mediterranean society of the Middle Ages requires examination of authentic, practical medical knowledge. At present this can be extracted mainly from the prescriptions found in the Cairo Genizah; these supply a different and valuable dimension. On the importance an…
Texts/Documents/Translations - A Fragment of a Judaeo-Arabic Manuscript of Sābūr b. Sahl's Al-Aqrābādhīn al- aghīr Found in the Taylor-Schechter Cairo Genizah Collection
The Significance of the Genizah's Medical Documents for the Study of Medieval Mediterranean Trade
The medical texts in the Genizah have been analyzed mainly as part of other subjects, like the various professional classes within the Jewish community in Old Cairo. Until now few have studied these documents in their own right, despite the fact that they offer valuable insights into the medieval economy of the Eastern Mediterranean and beyond. Focussing on saffron and myrobalan, this article offers a tentative investigation of the significance o…
Ethnopharmacological survey of traditional drugs sold in Israel at the end of the 20th century
Ethnopharmacological survey of traditional drugs sold in the Kingdom of Jordan
Reconstructed materia medica of the Medieval and Ottoman al-Sham
The Doctrine of Signatures in Present-Day Israel1
Traditional healing with animals (zootherapy)
Dr Thomas Chaplin, Scientist and Scholar in Nineteenth-Century Palestine
For a quarter of a century Dr Thomas J. Chaplin (1830–1904) held the position of director of the British Hospital for the Jews in Jerusalem. During these years he acted to improve the medical situation in the city and engaged in scientific researches in a variety of fields. The article critically reviews his activities in the Holy Land and shows that the impact of his works and the contribution of his achievements are diverse. However, by virtue …
The Jerusalem Balsam
Mousterian vegetal food in Kebara Cave, Mt. Carmel
The ethnobotany of Christ's Thorn Jujube (Ziziphus spina-christi) in Israel
This article surveys the ethnobotany ofZiziphus spina-christi(L.) Desf. in the Middle East from various aspects: historical, religious, philological, literary, linguistic, as well as pharmacological, among Muslims, Jews, and Christians. It is suggested that this is the only tree species considered "holy" by Muslims (all the individuals of the species are sanctified by religion) in addition to its status as "sacred tree " (particular trees which a…
Ethno-diversity within current ethno-pharmacology as part of Israeli traditional medicine – A review
The Holy Land has absorbed millions of immigrants in recent centuries: Jews from East and West, Druze, Circassians, Muslim and Christian Arabs. The land is unique and diverse in geographical location and ethnic groups, and also in its cultural characteristics, including traditional medicine and use of materia medica . However, these traditions have waned over the years. The young state of Israel adopted a "melting pot" approach to fashion Jews fr…
Reconstruction of the inventory of materia medica used by members of the Jewish community of medieval Cairo according to prescriptions found in the Taylor–Schechter Genizah collection, Cambridge
Ernest William Gurney Masterman, British Physician and Scholar in the Holy Land
Ernest William Gurney Masterman (1867–1943) held a variety of positions in Jerusalem for almost forty-five years, mainly as a physician of the English Mission Hospital for the Jews and Head of the Palestine Exploration Fund in the Holy Land. As a vigorous and talented scholar he conducted researches into the diverse disciplines of medical studies, history and archaeology, geography and botany, demography and social anthropology, hydrology and epi…
Healing with animals in the Levant from the 10th to the 18th century
Animals and products derived from different organs of their bodies have constituted part of the inventory of medicinal substances used in various cultures since ancient times. The article reviews the history of healing with animals in the Levant (The Land of Israel and parts of present-day Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan, defined by the Muslims in the Middle Ages as Bilad al-Sham) in the medieval and early Ottoman periods. Intensive research into the …
Ritual plants of Muslim graveyards in northern Israel
This article surveys the botanical composition of 40 Muslim graveyards in northern Israel, accompanied by an ethnobotanical study of the folkloristic traditions of the use of these plants in cemeteries. Three groups of plants were found to be repeated systematically and were also recognized for their ritual importance: aromatics herbs (especially Salvia fruticosa and Rosmarinus officinalis), white flowered plants (mainly Narcissus tazetta, Urgine…
Drugs held and sold by pharmacists of the Jewish community of medieval (11–14th centuries) Cairo according to lists of materia medica found at the Taylor–Schechter Genizah collection, Cambridge
Texts/Documents/Translations - A Fragment of a Judaeo-Arabic Manuscript of Sābūr b. Sahl's Al-Aqrābādhīn al- aghīr Found in the Taylor-Schechter Cairo Genizah Collection
The Significance of the Genizah's Medical Documents for the Study of Medieval Mediterranean Trade
The medical texts in the Genizah have been analyzed mainly as part of other subjects, like the various professional classes within the Jewish community in Old Cairo. Until now few have studied these documents in their own right, despite the fact that they offer valuable insights into the medieval economy of the Eastern Mediterranean and beyond. Focussing on saffron and myrobalan, this article offers a tentative investigation of the significance o…
Fossils” of practical medical knowledge from medieval Cairo
Take a Lame and Decrepit Female Hyena
Sābūr ibn Sahl's al-Aqrābādhīn al-saghīr is the earliest Arabic pharmacopoeia known to have survived. Finding fragments of Sābūr's pharmacopoeia in the Cairo Genizah shows that it was used by the medical practitioners of the Jewish community of Cairo, possibly long after it is supposed to have been superceded by other works. We present here a synoptic edition of two Arabic fragments, T-S Ar. 40.5 and Ar. 41.90. These fragments overlap to a large …
Medieval Egyptian Judaeo-Arabic Prescriptions (and the edition of three medical prescriptions)
The literature on medicine in medieval Muslim countries in general and in Egypt in particular is vast and detailed. Yet study and assessment of the practical aspects of medicine in the Mediterranean society of the Middle Ages requires examination of authentic, practical medical knowledge. At present this can be extracted mainly from the prescriptions found in the Cairo Genizah; these supply a different and valuable dimension. On the importance an…
Ibn Rushd on Galen and the New Drugs Spread by the Arabs
Le developpement de la dynastie abbasside crea les conditions economiques extremement favorables aux echanges de toutes natures. Les souverains musulmans tirerent avantage de la presence dans leur empire de differentes techniques et connaissances specialisees et, ce faisant, provoquerent une veritable revolution, favorisant la diffusion d'innovations agricoles et l'emploi de nouveaux remedes, pour la plupart provenant de l'Asie du sud-est, d'Inde…
A Judaeo-Arabic Fragment of Ibn-Biklārish's Kitāb al-Mustaʿīnī , Part of a Unique 12th-Century Tabular Medical Book Found in the Cairo Genizah (T-S Ar.44.218)
The reconstruction of the library of Eastern medieval Jewish scholars and medical practitioners according to the Cairo Genizah is a long-term project. In the course of the work a Judaeo-Arabic fragment of a unique tabular medical book by Ibn Biklārish (T-S Ar.44.218) was identified by the authors of this article. The fragment is unique in several respects, particularly (a) very few medieval Arabic tabular medical works are known, (b) only few wor…
Arabic Prescriptions from the Cairo Genizah
[Abstract Hitherto, research on Arabic pharmacy and pharmacology has largely been based on the study of pharmacopoeias. While practical in nature, it is not clear to what extent the recipes in the pharmacopoeias were in fact used. The Cairo Genizah, the most famous and best preserved of the many depositories of documents written by medieval Jewish communities, provides us with a unique glimpse of practical medicine, by virtue of the prescriptions…
Exploring association of spiritual perspectives with complementary medicine use among patients with Type 2 diabetes in Israel
Primary care physicians need to be aware of a possible association between religiosity and CAM use in patients with diabetes. Physicians may consider adding questions on CAM and religiosity to routine clinical interviews in order to enrich their dialog with diabetes patients
A catalogue of the medical and para-medical manuscripts in the Mosseri Genizah collection
The Mosseri collection was assembled by Jacques Mosseri (1884-1934), a leading member of the Jewish community of Cairo, between 1909 and 1911. Its more than 7000 fragments include materials from both the classical Genizah period and the modern period of Egyptian Jewry. Recently, the Mosseri collection was loaned by the Mosseri family to Cambridge University Library for conservation, digitising, cataloguing and study. This article is part of that …
History (30 obras) · Ancient history (25 obras) · Archaeology (24 obras) · Archaeology and Historical Studies (19 obras) · Medicine (19 obras) · History (18 obras) · Traditional medicine (17 obras) · Classics (15 obras) · Genizah (14 obras) · Philosophy (14 obras)