Willi Mcfarland
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 181087 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Willi Mcfarland |
| PRENOMES | Willi |
| SOBRENOME | Mcfarland |
| ASSINATURA | MCFARLAND W |
| AFILIAÇÕES | San Francisco Department of Public Health |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4148-5660 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 166 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 85 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 166 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2001 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Prevalência e fatores associados a sífilis entre adolescentes homens que fazem sexo com homens em duas capitais brasileiras
Objetivou-se estimar a prevalência e identificar fatores associados à sífilis entre adolescentes homens que fazem sexo com homens (AHSH). Estudo transversal, multicêntrico que recrutou 199 AHSH entre 15 e 19 anos por meio do método respondent-driven sampling (RDS) entre dezembro de 2020 e agosto de 2022, com aplicação de questionário e utilização de testes rápidos em Fortaleza e São Paulo. As estimativas foram calculadas por meio do software STAT…
Correlates of Syringe Acquisition at Syringe Services Program and Pharmacies among Persons Who Inject Drugs
A Decade of Improvement and Signs of Decline in PrEP Awareness and Use in Young Trans Women
The risk of HIV is significantly higher in transgender women compared to the general population, with young trans women having higher incidence compared to older trans women. Effective efforts to ensure PrEP uptake and persistence among young trans women is key to addressing the HIV epidemic in the U.S. We analyzed serial cross-sectional data from the Trans women Empowered to Advance Community Health (TEACH) studies conducted in San Francisco in …
Stalled Progress in HIV Prevention for Trans Women in San Francisco
Shifting Patterns of Injection Drug Use in San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: We analyzed trends in drugs most often injected and their associations with HIV risk among people who inject drugs (PWID) in San Francisco, United States from 2018 to 2024. METHODS: Data are from National HIV Behavioral Surveillance serial cross-sectional surveys in 2018, 2022, and 2024. Participants were recruited through respondent-driven sampling. Trends in drugs most often injected were assessed using multinomial logistic regressi…
Reach of Mpox Vaccination One Year After the Start of the Epidemic
Multi-level Risks Associated with Partner and Client Violence Among Trans Women Who Do Sex Work in San Francisco, 2023–2024
Psychosocial correlates of awareness of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among persons who inject drugs in Northeast Georgia
Despite Georgia having one of the highest rates of new HIV diagnoses in the United States, uptake of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) remains critically low. We assessed the psychosocial correlates associated with PrEP awareness among persons who inject drugs (PWID) living in Northeast Georgia. Data were collected from 173 adult (≥18 years) HIV-negative PWID. PrEP awareness was elicited by the question, "Have you ever heard of PrEP?" (Yes/No).…
National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Among Women of Transgender Experience and Transfeminine People in Nine Cities in the United States, 2023–2024
Women of transgender experience and transfeminine people (WTE/TFP) are disproportionately impacted by HIV. Between July 2023 and May 2024, a total of 2059 eligible WTE/TFP across nine project areas participated in the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS-Trans) project. Among the 1993 participants with valid HIV test results, 35.7% were living with HIV. Detrimental social and economic factors were common, including low income (57.0%), unemp…
The Critical Role of Community-Based National HIV Behavioral Surveillance in the United States’ Response to HIV
Interest in Long-Acting PrEP by Methamphetamine Use Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Four Western US Cities
Methamphetamine use is a driver of HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM) and is associated with suboptimal adherence to daily, oral PrEP. Long-acting PrEP may be a promising alternative. We analyzed data from the 2023 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance survey in four western cities to assess interest in long-acting PrEP among HIV-negative MSM participants. Of 1,450 participants, 7% used methamphetamine in the past 12 months. Two-thirds were…
Structural disadvantage and HIV risk – comparing risk factors between trans women’s partnerships with cis men and trans women sexual partners
Trans women with cisgender men sexual partners faced higher HIV risk than trans women with trans women sexual partners. These risks may be related to the social and economic drivers that both trans women and their cisgender men partners faced, namely structural racism that may explain barriers to education and employment, along with incarceration and recidivism. Interventions focused on economic stability, workforce development and post incarcera…
Assessing the Risk of Sexually Transmitted Infections among Men who have Sex with Men in San Francisco during Covid-19
Access to and Experiences with Healthcare Among Transgender Women, San Francisco 2019–2024
Not Getting to Zero HIV Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in San Francisco Despite High Care Continuum and Prevention Targets
Doxycycline Post-exposure Prophylaxis Awareness and Use Among Transgender Women in San Francisco, 2023–2024
Rapid Diffusion of Awareness and Uptake of Doxy-PEP among Men who Have Sex with Men in San Francisco
Not Getting to Zero HIV Infections Among People Who Inject Drugs in San Francisco, California
Comparing Socio-Demographics and HIV Testing and Prevention Outcomes Between Low-Income HIV-Negative Heterosexually Active Black Women and Men with Health Insurance
Drug use and unsafe injection among adults who live in prisons in Iran
Past-Year HIV Testing, Current Antiretroviral Therapy Use, and Participation in Services for People Who Inject Drugs
Uptake of Covid-19 Vaccination and Related Factors Among People who Inject Drugs, San Francisco, 2022
We assessed the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination in a community-recruited sample of people who inject drugs (PWID) in San Francisco in 2022. Overall, 72.4% (95% CI 64.6-80.3) were vaccinated for COVID-19. Independent predictors of vaccination were age 65 years and older (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 9.7, 95% CI 2.2-28.7) and ever testing positive for COVID-19 (AOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2-3.5). Homelessness was associated with lower COVID-19 vaccination (AOR 0…
Continuing Low Awareness and Use of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV among People Who Inject Drugs (PWID), San Francisco, 2022
Disparities in HIV Testing and PrEP Awareness for Black Women who Inject Drugs in San Francisco, California
The Development and the Assessment of Sampling Methods for Hard-to-Reach Populations in HIV Surveillance
Self-Reported Sexual Identity, Sexual Behaviors and Health Risks
Data from a population-based survey of low-income young women (n = 2,438) was used to examine substance use patterns and exposure to coerced sexual activity among women who self-identify as lesbian (n = 34) or bisexual (n = 91), or who report sexual behavior exclusively with other women (n = 17) or with both women and men (n = 189). Findings for women classified by self-identity and by sexual behavior are compared. Women who identified as bisexua…
Continuing Increases in Sexual Risk Behavior and Sexually Transmitted Diseases Among Men Who Have Sex With Men
We recently reported on worrisome increases in sexual risk behavior, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and HIV incidence among men who have sex with men (MSM) during a period of increasing use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), from 1994 to 1999.1 We have since obtained data on sexual risk behavior for 2000 and 2001. In addition, we have added to our surveys questions on whether unsafe sex was occurring with partners of unknown …
Comparing Respondent-Driven Sampling and Targeted Sampling Methods of Recruiting Injection Drug Users in San Francisco
The objective of this article is to compare demographic characteristics, risk behaviors, and service utilization among injection drug users (IDUs) recruited from two separate studies in San Francisco in 2005, one which used targeted sampling (TS) and the other which used respondent-driven sampling (RDS). IDUs were recruited using TS (n = 651) and RDS (n = 534) and participated in quantitative interviews that included demographic characteristics, …
Race, place and Aids
Differential HIV Risk for Racial/Ethnic Minority Trans*female Youths and Socioeconomic Disparities in Housing, Residential Stability, and Education
Objectives. We examined HIV prevalence and risk behaviors of 282 trans*female youths aged 16 to 24 years participating in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, SHINE study from 2012 to 2013 to determine differences between racial/ethnic minority and White youths. Methods. We conducted the χ 2 test to determine distributional differences between racial/ethnic minority and White participants in sociodemographic factors, HIV-related risk behaviors…
Prevalence of HIV Infection and Predictors of High-Transmission Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Men Who Have Sex With Men
Objectives. We sought to determine the prevalence of HIV and novel cofactors of high-transmission-risk behavior in a probability sample of men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods. We performed a cross-sectional telephone survey of 1976 adult MSM in San Francisco. Results. We found an HIV prevalence of 25.2%. Predictors of unprotected insertive anal intercourse with a serodiscordant (not having the same HIV/AIDS serostatus) partner among HIV-infe…
Anal Sex Role, Circumcision Status, and HIV Infection Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Chongqing, China
The "AMA-Brazil" cooperative project
The objective of this study was to assess the profile of AIDS-related deaths in the post antiretroviral therapy (ART) scale up period in Brazil. A case-control study was conducted including a nationally probabilistic sample of AIDS deaths and living controls. Data were abstracted from medical records and nation-wide databases of AIDS cases, mortality, ART care, and laboratory testing. Interrupted (adjusted odds ratio - AOR 4.35, 95%CI: 3.15-6.00)…
Intercategorical and Intracategorical Experiences of Discrimination and HIV Prevalence Among Transgender Women in San Francisco, CA
Objectives. To examine differences in HIV prevalence and experiences of discrimination within the trans women community in California’s San Francisco Bay Area. Methods. Intersectional positions were constructed on the basis of race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Latina) and gender identity (female identifying, transgender identifying). We used baseline data from the Trans*National study (2016–2017) to construct regression mode…
Transfer of sampling methods for studies on most-at-risk populations (Marps) in Brazil
The objective of this paper was to describe the process of transferring two methods for sampling most-at-risk populations: respondent-driven sampling (RDS) and time-space sampling (TSS). The article describes steps in the process, the methods used in the 10 pilot studies, and lessons learned. The process was conducted in six steps, from a state-of-the-art seminar to a workshop on writing articles with the results of the pilot studies. The princip…
Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Young, Low-Income Women
Objectives. We evaluated risk for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in women residing in low-income neighborhoods of northern California. Methods. A population-based sample of 1707 women, aged 18 to 29, were surveyed and screened for sexually transmitted infections and HCV. Results. Women infected with HCV (2.5%) were more likely to have a history of injection and noninjection drug use, to exchange sex for money or drugs, and to have sexually tra…
Non-prescription Syringe Sales in California
An Examination of the Rates of Receptive Anal Intercourse Among Asian/Pacific Islander Men Who have Sex with Men in San Francisco
Comparison of the demographic and social profile of blood donors and nondonors in Brazil
Population-based studies on blood donation prevalence and its association with sociodemographic and behavioural factors are scarce, but remain the best approach to assess correlates of donation, including those which could be the target for donor recruitment campaigns. This study describes the population of primary healthcare users from the public system in a medium-sized Brazilian municipality to investigate the association of blood donation pra…
How Many Transgender Men Are There in San Francisco
Transwoman Population Size
Transwoman Population Size Affiliation H. Fisher Raymond DrPH, Erin C. Wilson DrPH, and Willi McFarland MD, PhD, MPH&TMAll of the authors are with the Center for Public Health Research, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA.CopyRightCorrespondence should be sent to H. Fisher Raymond, DrPH, Center for Public Health Research, San Francisco Department of Public Health, 25 Van Ness, Suite 500, San Francisco, CA 94102 (e-mail: H…
If You Are Not Counted, You Don’t Count
Mutual HIV Disclosure among HIV-Negative Men Who have Sex with Men in Beijing, China, 2010
Prevalence and Correlates of Hepatitis C Infection among Male Injection Drug Users in Detention, Tehran, Iran
For the benefit of planning for the future care and treatment of people infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and to help guide prevention and control programs, data are needed on HCV seroprevalence and associated risk factors. We conducted a cross-sectional sero-behavioral survey of injection drug users (IDU) detained for mandatory rehabilitation during a police sweep of Tehran, Iran, in early 2006. During the study period, a consecutive sample …
Cruising on the Internet Highway
This study evaluated differences in sexual behavior and risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among men who have sex with men (MSM) who met their partners on-line and those who did not. A self-administered questionnaire on sexual behavior was offered to a convenience sample of patients seeking public STD services. Thirty-two percent of MSM patients reported meeting a sexual partner over the Internet in the past year. MSM with on-line part…
Impact of a Single Session of Counseling on Partner Referral for Sexually Transmitted Disease Treatment, Harare, Zimbabwe
HIV Prevention in the Developing World
Alcohol Use and High-Risk Sexual Behavior Among Adolescents and Young Adults in Harare, Zimbabwe
HIV Risk-Related Behavior, Sexual Coercion, and Implications for Prevention Strategies Among Female Apprentice Tailors, Ibadan, Nigeria
Self-Reported Sexual Identity, Sexual Behaviors and Health Risks
Data from a population-based survey of low-income young women (n = 2,438) was used to examine substance use patterns and exposure to coerced sexual activity among women who self-identify as lesbian (n = 34) or bisexual (n = 91), or who report sexual behavior exclusively with other women (n = 17) or with both women and men (n = 189). Findings for women classified by self-identity and by sexual behavior are compared. Women who identified as bisexua…
Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Young, Low-Income Women
Objectives. We evaluated risk for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in women residing in low-income neighborhoods of northern California. Methods. A population-based sample of 1707 women, aged 18 to 29, were surveyed and screened for sexually transmitted infections and HCV. Results. Women infected with HCV (2.5%) were more likely to have a history of injection and noninjection drug use, to exchange sex for money or drugs, and to have sexually tra…
Continuing Increases in Sexual Risk Behavior and Sexually Transmitted Diseases Among Men Who Have Sex With Men
We recently reported on worrisome increases in sexual risk behavior, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and HIV incidence among men who have sex with men (MSM) during a period of increasing use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), from 1994 to 1999.1 We have since obtained data on sexual risk behavior for 2000 and 2001. In addition, we have added to our surveys questions on whether unsafe sex was occurring with partners of unknown …
Availability of combination therapy for HIV
The objective of this study was to assess the impact of successes in the medical treatment of HIV disease on the perceptions of high-risk gay and bisexual men attending an anonymous testing site towards becoming infected with HIV and on their decisions to have unsafe sex. A cross-sectional survey with a face-to-face interview and self-recorded information was used. A convenience sample of high-risk men seeking anonymous HIV antibody counselling w…
Traditional Healers for HIV/Aids Prevention and Family Planning, Kiboga District, Uganda
Associations Between Substance Use and Sexual Risk Among Very Young Men Who Have Sex With Men
HIV prevention strategies for young MSM need to incorporate substance use risk reduction.
Potential Bridges for HIV Infection to Men Who Have Sex With Men in Guangzhou, China
An Adolescent-targeted HIV Prevention Project Using African Professional Soccer Players as Role Models and Educators in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
Same race and older partner selection may explain higher HIV prevalence among black men who have sex with men
In a community-based survey in San Francisco, black men who have sex with men (MSM) had higher rates of same-race/ethnicity sexual partnerships and partners 10 or more years older compared with other MSM. Differences in sexual networks may explain why black MSM have higher HIV prevalence than other MSM despite lower levels of risk behavior.
Trends in Prevalence of HIV, Syphilis, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis B, and Sexual Risk Behavior Among Men Who Have Sex With Men
BACKGROUND: Studies tracking trends in HIV prevalence and risk behavior among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China are rare. We report on 3 consecutive cross-sectional surveys measuring the prevalence of HIV, other infectious diseases, and related risk behavior among MSM in Beijing in 2004, 2005, and 2006. METHODS: We applied respondent-driven sampling (RDS) to recruit MSM for a structured face-to-face interview on demographic characteristics…
Gay and Bisexual Men in Kampala, Uganda
Prevalence of HIV Infection and Predictors of High-Transmission Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Men Who Have Sex With Men
Objectives. We sought to determine the prevalence of HIV and novel cofactors of high-transmission-risk behavior in a probability sample of men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods. We performed a cross-sectional telephone survey of 1976 adult MSM in San Francisco. Results. We found an HIV prevalence of 25.2%. Predictors of unprotected insertive anal intercourse with a serodiscordant (not having the same HIV/AIDS serostatus) partner among HIV-infe…
Knowledge, Attitudes and Motivations Among Blood Donors in São Paulo, Brazil
An Empirical Comparison of Respondent-driven Sampling, Time Location Sampling, and Snowball Sampling for Behavioral Surveillance in Men Who Have Sex with Men, Fortaleza, Brazil
Use of Time-location Sampling for Systematic Behavioral Surveillance of Truck Drivers in Brazil
HIV Prevalence and Correlates of Unprotected Anal Intercourse Among Men Who Have Sex with Men, Jinan, China
Increasing HIV Prevalence Among Drug Users in Western Guangdong Province, China, 1995–2005
Accessing Men Who have Sex with Men Through Long-Chain Referral Recruitment, Guangzhou, China
Use of Sentinel Surveillance and Geographic Information Systems to Monitor Trends in HIV Prevalence, Incidence, and Related Risk Behavior among Women Undergoing Syphilis Screening in a Jail Setting
Hepatitis B Sero-Prevalence and Risk Behaviors Among Immigrant Men in a Population-Based Household Survey in Low-Income Neighborhoods of Northern California
Healthcare providers should routinely screen Asian immigrants for HBV regardless of their self reported vaccination status. Latino immigrants may comprise an important group of under-vaccinated, at risk persons in California. HBV testing and vaccination of immigrants soon after US arrival should be encouraged
Medicine (147 obras) · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (127 obras) · HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk (120 obras) · Demography (113 obras) · Public health (107 obras) · Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV (94 obras) · Demography (89 obras) · Health psychology (89 obras) · Family medicine (82 obras) · Men who have sex with men (79 obras)