Ragui Assaad
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 182712 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Ragui Assaad |
| PRENOMES | Ragui |
| SOBRENOME | Assaad |
| ASSINATURA | ASSAAD R |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Minnesota |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2608-5335 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 42 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 137 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 36 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 6 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1993 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Wage returns to human capital resulting from an extra year of primary school
How Do Gender Norms Shape Education and Domestic Work Outcomes? The Case of Syrian Refugee Adolescents in Jordan
Forced displacement has disrupted Syrian refugees' lives and exposed them to new communities and norms. This paper assesses how gender norms shape the lives of Syrian refugee adolescent girls in Jordan, using nationally representative data. We use factor analysis to summarise a variety of beliefs and behavioural aspects of norms: gender role attitudes, justification of domestic violence, decision-making, and mobility. We compare these outcomes by…
Women’s access to school, educational attainment, and fertility
Introducing the Sudan Labor Market Panel Survey 2022
OBJECTIVE: This paper describes the new Sudan Labor Market Panel Survey (SLMPS) 2022, the first nationally representative survey in Sudan in almost a decade. METHODS: The paper details the design of the survey, including the topics covered by this multipurpose household survey and the complexities of the sampling strategy, which over-sampled refugees and the internally displaced. The training, fieldwork, resulting sample, and weights are describe…
Are labor markets in the Middle East and North Africa recovering from the Covid-19 pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic has not only led to a health crisis, but also to economic and labor market crises. In an effort to avert the public health threat, countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) initially put in place some of the world's most stringent government responses. This paper explores how labor market outcomes for MENA workers have evolved during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper uses the Economic Research Forum (ERF) COVID-19 …
Refugees and the education of host populations
Socioeconomic Status and the Changing Nature of School-to-Work Transitions in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia
The Middle East and North Africa region struggled to meet the employment aspirations of its increasingly educated youth in the aftermath of structural reforms. This article examines the evolution of initial labor market outcomes across pre- and post-reform cohorts of school leavers by education and socioeconomic status (SES) in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia. Results show that formal jobs for educated new entrants are increasingly allocated according…
The Egyptian Labor Market
This book updates our understanding of how the Egyptian labor market, economy, and society have evolved in the aftermath of the 2011 Arab Spring uprisings, the subsequent political upheaval and substantial economic challenges that followed, and the economic reforms introduced in late 2016. Not only was job creation anemic over the period from 2012 to 2018, but new jobs were also of low-quality, characterized by informality and vulnerability to ec…
Beware of the echo
I argue in this paper that although recent developments had temporarily reduced demographic pressures on the Egyptian labor market, such pressures will return with a vengeance in the next decade. The sizable echo generation born between 2005 and 2015 is the reflection of the large youth bulge generation born in the early 1980s; a reflection that was further compounded by rising fertility rates in the late 2000s and early 2010s. As the echo genera…
The Impact of Marriage on Women's Employment in the Middle East and North Africa
Marriage is a central stage in the transition to adulthood in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). This article investigates the effect of marriage on women's employment in MENA, examining how different types of work are affected by relatively early marriage, defined as marriage by the median age of marriage. An important contribution of this study is to examine the two main mechanisms by which marriage can affect work: (1) its effect on ever…
Grievances or skills? The effect of education on youth political participation in Egypt and Tunisia
The educated have figured prominently in protests and elections in several Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries. The dominant explanation for this pattern centers on grievances and unfulfilled aspirations due to low education returns in the MENA. However, the pattern may simply reflect the unequal participation observed in many democracies where education provides skills and resources that facilitate political participation. This article…
Introducing the Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey 2016
This paper introduces the 2016 wave of the Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey (JLMPS). It is an essential reference for users of this innovative and valuable dataset, which adds to the growing series of labor market panel surveys (LMPSs) produced by the Economic Research Forum (ERF). The 2016 wave is a follow-up on the initial 2010 wave. There has been substantial turmoil in the region since 2010, including the onset of the Syrian conflict and the …
Introducing the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey 2018
This paper introduces the 2018 wave of the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey (ELMPS), previously fielded in 1998, 2006, and 2012. The ELMPS has already become the primary source of data for a large number of scholarly and policy studies on the labor market and human development issues in Egypt, and this new wave will further enhance its value as a critical data public good. This longitudinal survey is nationally representative, tracking both househ…
Evaluating the impact of housing market liberalization on the timing of marriage
The transition to adulthood around the world is increasingly characterized by young people's desire to form independent households. Forming such households in Egypt requires buying or building a dwelling or obtaining a rental unit. Policies governing housing markets, such as rent control, and limited financing options have historically made access to housing for young couples challenging. In this paper, we use a difference-in-difference approach …
Job creation or labor absorption? An analysis of private sector job growth in Egypt
Creating jobs, especially good jobs, is one of the greatest challenges facing Egypt. This paper investigates the nature of job growth in Egypt, including the firm, industry, and worker characteristics that are related to job growth. Using data from Egypt’s establishment censuses linked to various firm and labor surveys, we examine job growth in private sector establishments over 1996–2017. We find that job growth has primarily followed a labor ab…
Excluded generation
Youth in Egypt hold rising aspirations for their adult lives, yet face an increasingly uncertain and protracted transition from school to work and thus into adulthood. This paper investigates how labor market insertion has been evolving over time in Egypt and how the nature of youth transitions relates to gender and social class. The study examines 19,925 respondents from the 2012 wave of the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey. We demonstrate that r…
Employment’s Role in Enabling and Constraining Marriage in the Middle East and North Africa
We investigate the role of employment in enabling and constraining marriage for young men and women in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia. Survival analysis methods for age at marriage are applied to comparable labor market panel surveys from Egypt (2012), Jordan (2010), and Tunisia (2014), which include detailed labor market histories. For men, employment and especially high-quality employment are associated with more rapid transitions to marriage. For …
Explaining the Mena paradox
BACKGROUND: Despite rapidly rising female educational attainment and the closing, if not reversal, of the gender gap in education, female labor force participation rates in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region remain low and stagnant. This is a phenomenon that has come to be known as the "MENA paradox". Even if increases in participation are observed, they are typically in the form of rising unemployment rather than employment. METHODS:…
The Jordanian Labor Market
Jordan stands in the middle of a turbulent region, experiencing substantial refugee flows and economic challenges due to the conflict and insecurity of its neighbors. While the Jordanian economy and labor market in 2010, prior to the refugee crisis, had been shifting in a positive direction, it was an unanswered question how the labor market is faring during these challenging times. The fielding of the new Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey (JLMPS)…
Inequality of opportunity in educational attainment in the Middle East and North Africa
Inequality of opportunity in educational attainment in the Middle East and North Africa
The Tunisian Labor Market in an Era of Transition
This book offers a comprehensive and deep examination of the key labor market issues in Tunisia, including the size, structure, and evolution of the labor force, employment and unemployment, wage formation, gender differences, education, and migration. Unemployment has been the most challenging issue for decades. Because it has been persistently high and particularly acute for youth, university graduates, and women, special attention is paid to y…
The Composition of Labor Supply and Unemployment in Tunisia
This chapter examines labor supply in Tunisia in relation to key demographic characteristics such as age, sex, educational attainment, and residence. It also reviews unemployment in Tunisia over time and examines its demographic and educational patterns. The analysis is primarily based on data from the first wave of the Tunisia Labor Market Panel Survey carried out in 2014 (TLMPS 2014), but also uses data from the Tunisian National Survey of Popu…
Comparing retrospective and panel data collection methods to assess labor market dynamics
There is potential for measurement problems in both retrospective and panel microdata. In this paper, we compare results on basic indicators related to labor markets and their dynamics from retrospective and panel survey data in Egypt, in order to determine the conditions under which results are similar or different. Specifically, we (1) assess the consistency of reporting of time-invariant characteristics in different waves of the panel, (2) com…
Does Improved Local Supply of Schooling Enhance Intergenerational Mobility in Education? Evidence from Jordan
The impact of the growth of the local supply of public schools in the post-Colonial period on intergenerational mobility in education is a first-order question in the Arab World. This question is examined in Jordan using a unique dataset that links individual data on own schooling and parents' schooling for adults, from a household survey, with the supply of schools in the subdistrict of birth at the time the individual was of age to enroll, from…
The Effect of Domestic Work on Girls' Schooling
In Egypt, girls' work primarily takes the form of domestic tasks, which are not considered in many studies of child labor. This paper investigates the effect of girls' work on their school attendance. It uses a modified bivariate probit approach to estimate the effect of work on schooling while allowing for the simultaneous determination of the two outcomes. It presents evidence that the substantial burden of girls' domestic work leads to lower r…
Constrained Geographical Mobility and Gendered Labor Market Outcomes Under Structural Adjustment
Formal and informal institutions in the labor market, with applications to the construction sector in Egypt
Comparing retrospective and panel data collection methods to assess labor market dynamics
There is potential for measurement problems in both retrospective and panel microdata. In this paper, we compare results on basic indicators related to labor markets and their dynamics from retrospective and panel survey data in Egypt, in order to determine the conditions under which results are similar or different. Specifically, we (1) assess the consistency of reporting of time-invariant characteristics in different waves of the panel, (2) com…
Formalizing the Informal? The Transformation of Cairo's Refuse Collection System
The paper examines recent attempts to bring Cairo's traditional refuse collection system under municipal control. Although essentially informal, this system had a well-defined set of internal rules, rights, and sanctioning mechanisms that evolved over several decades in response to a changing external environment. Attempts by the municipal authorities to "modernize" waste collection in Cairo by issuing licenses to large corporate contractors amou…
Is free basic education in Egypt a reality or a myth
Explaining the Mena paradox
BACKGROUND: Despite rapidly rising female educational attainment and the closing, if not reversal, of the gender gap in education, female labor force participation rates in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region remain low and stagnant. This is a phenomenon that has come to be known as the "MENA paradox". Even if increases in participation are observed, they are typically in the form of rising unemployment rather than employment. METHODS:…
Equality of opportunity in educational achievement in the Middle East and North Africa
Employment’s Role in Enabling and Constraining Marriage in the Middle East and North Africa
We investigate the role of employment in enabling and constraining marriage for young men and women in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia. Survival analysis methods for age at marriage are applied to comparable labor market panel surveys from Egypt (2012), Jordan (2010), and Tunisia (2014), which include detailed labor market histories. For men, employment and especially high-quality employment are associated with more rapid transitions to marriage. For …
Impact of Domestic Violence on Children’s Education in Colombia
We explore the methodological challenges of estimating the effects of intimate partner violence (IPV) against the mother on the educational outcomes of her children. We tackle the problem of potential endogeneity and non-random selection of children into situations where they are exposed to IPV using non-parametric matching methods and parametric instrumental variable methods. Using Colombia's 2005 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), we find tha…
Refugees and the education of host populations
The Impact of Marriage on Women's Employment in the Middle East and North Africa
Marriage is a central stage in the transition to adulthood in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). This article investigates the effect of marriage on women's employment in MENA, examining how different types of work are affected by relatively early marriage, defined as marriage by the median age of marriage. An important contribution of this study is to examine the two main mechanisms by which marriage can affect work: (1) its effect on ever…
Excluded generation
Youth in Egypt hold rising aspirations for their adult lives, yet face an increasingly uncertain and protracted transition from school to work and thus into adulthood. This paper investigates how labor market insertion has been evolving over time in Egypt and how the nature of youth transitions relates to gender and social class. The study examines 19,925 respondents from the 2012 wave of the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey. We demonstrate that r…
Inequality of opportunity in educational attainment in the Middle East and North Africa
Inequality of opportunity in educational attainment in the Middle East and North Africa
Kinship ties, social networks, and segmented labor markets
Socioeconomic Status and the Changing Nature of School-to-Work Transitions in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia
The Middle East and North Africa region struggled to meet the employment aspirations of its increasingly educated youth in the aftermath of structural reforms. This article examines the evolution of initial labor market outcomes across pre- and post-reform cohorts of school leavers by education and socioeconomic status (SES) in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia. Results show that formal jobs for educated new entrants are increasingly allocated according…
La transformación del sistema de recolección de basura de El Cairo
Evaluating the impact of housing market liberalization on the timing of marriage
The transition to adulthood around the world is increasingly characterized by young people's desire to form independent households. Forming such households in Egypt requires buying or building a dwelling or obtaining a rental unit. Policies governing housing markets, such as rent control, and limited financing options have historically made access to housing for young couples challenging. In this paper, we use a difference-in-difference approach …
Formal and informal institutions in the labor market, with applications to the construction sector in Egypt
La transformación del sistema de recolección de basura de El Cairo
Formalizing the Informal? The Transformation of Cairo's Refuse Collection System
The paper examines recent attempts to bring Cairo's traditional refuse collection system under municipal control. Although essentially informal, this system had a well-defined set of internal rules, rights, and sanctioning mechanisms that evolved over several decades in response to a changing external environment. Attempts by the municipal authorities to "modernize" waste collection in Cairo by issuing licenses to large corporate contractors amou…
Kinship ties, social networks, and segmented labor markets
Gender and Employment
Women and Globalization in the Arab Middle East
This original work assesses the impact of globalization on women in Middle Eastern societies. To explore the gendered effects of social change, the authors examine trends within, as well as among, states in the region. Detailed case studies reveal the mixed results of global pressures. For some women, for example, globalization has meant increased access to education and employment; for others, it has resulted in heightened repression under ideol…
Constrained Geographical Mobility and Gendered Labor Market Outcomes Under Structural Adjustment
The Egyptian Labor Market Revisited
This book is a follow-up to a 1998 publication by the Economic Research Forum (ERF). Its significance lies in the contributors' reliance on fresh data and solid analytical techniques used to examine a wide spectrum of issues concerning the labor market in Egypt. The range of topics includes labor supply, employment and unemployment, youth labor market school-to-work transition, internal and international migration, earnings and inequality, and ge…
The Effect of Domestic Work on Girls' Schooling
In Egypt, girls' work primarily takes the form of domestic tasks, which are not considered in many studies of child labor. This paper investigates the effect of girls' work on their school attendance. It uses a modified bivariate probit approach to estimate the effect of work on schooling while allowing for the simultaneous determination of the two outcomes. It presents evidence that the substantial burden of girls' domestic work leads to lower r…
Equality of opportunity in educational achievement in the Middle East and North Africa
The Jordanian Labor Market in the New Millennium
This book analyses the results of the Jordan Labour Market Panel Survey of 2010 (JLMPS 2010), a major household survey of labour market conditions carried out in Jordan in the first quarter of 2010. The JLMPS 2010 is part of a series of surveys carried out by the Economic Research Forum to study Arab labour markets, all of which are designed as longitudinal surveys that track respondents over a number of years. The book fills an enormous gap in k…
The Egyptian Labor Market in an Era of Revolution
The book is about labor market conditions in Egypt in the aftermath of the Arab uprisings. The text analyzes the results of the latest round of the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey carried out in early 2012. The chapters of the book cover topics that are essential to understanding the conditions leading to the Egyptian revolution of January 25th 2011, including the persistence of high youth unemployment, labor market segmentation and rigidity, gro…
Egyptian Labor Market in an Era of Revolution
Is free basic education in Egypt a reality or a myth
Does Improved Local Supply of Schooling Enhance Intergenerational Mobility in Education? Evidence from Jordan
The impact of the growth of the local supply of public schools in the post-Colonial period on intergenerational mobility in education is a first-order question in the Arab World. This question is examined in Jordan using a unique dataset that links individual data on own schooling and parents' schooling for adults, from a household survey, with the supply of schools in the subdistrict of birth at the time the individual was of age to enroll, from…
Inequality of Opportunity in Human Development
A strong concern with social justice has permeated the politics of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region in recent years and has undoubtedly served as a strong impetus for the tumultuous events that have come to be broadly known as “the Arab Spring” (Diwan, 2013; Richards et al., 2014; Verme et al., 2014). Yet by conventional measures of inequality, such as the Gini indices for household consumption, the MENA region does not stand out as…
Inequality of Opportunity in the Labor Market for Higher Education Graduates in Egypt and Jordan
In a well-functioning labor market, outcomes differ across individuals because of the quality of their human capital and level of skill, as well as the work effort they expend. Likewise, when the education system is functioning well, the human capital and skills individuals accumulate should reflect differences in their effort in school. Therefore, in a country with both a well-functioning education system and a well-functioning labor market, lab…
Impact of Domestic Violence on Children’s Education in Colombia
We explore the methodological challenges of estimating the effects of intimate partner violence (IPV) against the mother on the educational outcomes of her children. We tackle the problem of potential endogeneity and non-random selection of children into situations where they are exposed to IPV using non-parametric matching methods and parametric instrumental variable methods. Using Colombia's 2005 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), we find tha…
The Tunisian Labor Market in an Era of Transition
This book offers a comprehensive and deep examination of the key labor market issues in Tunisia, including the size, structure, and evolution of the labor force, employment and unemployment, wage formation, gender differences, education, and migration. Unemployment has been the most challenging issue for decades. Because it has been persistently high and particularly acute for youth, university graduates, and women, special attention is paid to y…
The Composition of Labor Supply and Unemployment in Tunisia
This chapter examines labor supply in Tunisia in relation to key demographic characteristics such as age, sex, educational attainment, and residence. It also reviews unemployment in Tunisia over time and examines its demographic and educational patterns. The analysis is primarily based on data from the first wave of the Tunisia Labor Market Panel Survey carried out in 2014 (TLMPS 2014), but also uses data from the Tunisian National Survey of Popu…
Comparing retrospective and panel data collection methods to assess labor market dynamics
There is potential for measurement problems in both retrospective and panel microdata. In this paper, we compare results on basic indicators related to labor markets and their dynamics from retrospective and panel survey data in Egypt, in order to determine the conditions under which results are similar or different. Specifically, we (1) assess the consistency of reporting of time-invariant characteristics in different waves of the panel, (2) com…
The Jordanian Labor Market
Jordan stands in the middle of a turbulent region, experiencing substantial refugee flows and economic challenges due to the conflict and insecurity of its neighbors. While the Jordanian economy and labor market in 2010, prior to the refugee crisis, had been shifting in a positive direction, it was an unanswered question how the labor market is faring during these challenging times. The fielding of the new Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey (JLMPS)…
Inequality of opportunity in educational attainment in the Middle East and North Africa
Inequality of opportunity in educational attainment in the Middle East and North Africa
Job creation or labor absorption? An analysis of private sector job growth in Egypt
Creating jobs, especially good jobs, is one of the greatest challenges facing Egypt. This paper investigates the nature of job growth in Egypt, including the firm, industry, and worker characteristics that are related to job growth. Using data from Egypt’s establishment censuses linked to various firm and labor surveys, we examine job growth in private sector establishments over 1996–2017. We find that job growth has primarily followed a labor ab…
Economics (35 obras) · Economic growth (24 obras) · Demographic economics (22 obras) · Political science (21 obras) · Sociology (19 obras) · Migration and Labor Dynamics (17 obras) · Labour economics (16 obras) · Population (11 obras) · Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare (11 obras) · Demography (10 obras)