Philippe Van Parijs
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 186390 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Philippe Van Parijs |
| PRENOMES | Philippe |
| SOBRENOME | Van Parijs |
| ASSINATURA | VAN PARIJS P |
| AFILIAÇÕES | UCLouvain |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3348-1317 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 95 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 386 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 93 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1975 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 10 |
Linguistic Justice
This concluding essay proposes a reflection on the themes treated in the preceding essays from a twofold perspective: that of the author of a theoretical book that distinguishes three fundamentally distinct senses of linguistic justice and that of the chair of a Council for Multilingualism set up by the regional government of the capital of the European Union. How English and its standard varieties fare in terms of linguistic justice as fair coop…
Justice and Migration. Europe’s Most Cruel Dilemma
Qu’est-ce qu’une Europe juste ? Dialogue avec John Rawls
Comment concevoir la justice au sein de cette entité politique sui generis qu’est l’Union européenne ? John Rawls traite de cette question dans une longue lettre rédigée en 1998. La conception égalitaire qu’il présente dans sa Théorie de la justice ne peut à ses yeux s’appliquer qu’au sein d’un peuple, et l’Union européenne n’en est pas un au sens où il l’entend. Au niveau européen, les obligations de justice distributive se réduisent donc aux ob…
What Kinds of Inequality Should Economists Address?
Le revenu de base inconditionnel
Notre proposition est radicale au sens où le modèle qu’elle défend est irréductible aux composantes existantes de nos États-Providence. Elle l’est aussi au sens où sa réalisation est destinée à induire des transformations profondes en matière de travail. Mais elle ne l’est pas dans la mesure où elle s’accommode d’une progression graduelle et de compromis découlant d’une pluralité d’objectifs légitimes. Elle ne l’est pas non plus au sens où, dans …
Le revenu de base ne fait pas le bonheur – Mais peu importe
Contrairement à ce qui est parfois affirmé pour en promouvoir l’instauration, le revenu de base inconditionnel ne peut pas être justifié comme un instrument au service de la poursuite du bien-être : ni via son impact sur le niveau de revenu, ni via son impact sur la répartition de ce revenu. Mais le revenu de base inconditionnel n’a pas à se justifier en référence à la poursuite du bien-être mais en référence à la poursuite de la justice, entendu…
Basic Income
The idea of providing people with income independently of the job they perform or seek seems mad. However, providing each individual (rich and poor, economically active and inactive) with an unconditional basic income was supported by such famous thinkers as Thomas Paine, John Stuart Mill, and John Kenneth Galbraith. For a long time this idea has not been taken seriously. At present, as the traditional welfare state has been straining under an in…
Le revenu de base inconditionnel
L’idée de revenu de base inconditionnel est désormais au cœur des débats sur l’avenir de nos modèles sociaux. Elle consiste à verser à chacun un revenu régulier à titre individuel, sans contrôle des ressources ni exigence de contrepartie. Diffusée en France à l’occasion de l’élection présidentielle de 2017, elle avait été peu auparavant soumise à référendum en Suisse et a fait l’objet de plusieurs expérimentations à travers le monde. Rédigé par d…
Why private property?”
Why Private Property?”
Le texte suivant est la transcription de la table ronde qui a clôturé la conférence internationale « Pourquoi la propriété privée ? » (organisée à l’Université libre de Bruxelles en juin 2018). Philippe Van Parijs a accepté d’animer la discussion et d’organiser la confrontation des thèses de Jean-Fabien Spitz, Hillel Steiner et Karl Widerquist sur la propriété privée. La discussion est divisée en trois moments principaux. Tout d’abord, les orateu…
Just Europe
International Distributive Justice
Distributive justice: domestic versus global Distributive justice is achieved when entitlements to economic goods are allocated to people as they ought to be. Throughout most of the history of political philosophy, the attempt to specify the principles of distributive justice so conceived has been pitched at the domestic level: it has been concerned with distribution between the inhabitants of a city, the citizens of a country, the members of a s…
Why Surfers Should Be Fed
This chapter argues that a defensible liberal theory of justice, that is, one that is truly committed to an equal concern for all and to nondiscrimination among conceptions of the good life, does justify, under appropriate factual conditions, a substantial unconditional basic income. There is a nonarbitrary and generally positive legitimate level of basic income that is determined by the per capita value of society's external resources and must b…
Basic Income
Una Renta Básica para todos
En el presente artículo se discuten algunas cuestiones en torno a la propuesta de Renta Básica Universal, entendida como un ingreso pagado por la administración de una comunidad política a todos sus miembros, de carácter universal e incondicional. Se trata de una propuesta muy sencilla y poderosa a la vez, que rescata algunas de las viejas promesas de justicia distributiva, como condición necesaria de la libertad humana. Es una propuesta que, si …
Bruxelles capitale de l’Europe
Introduction La guerre des langues est au cœur de l’histoire de Belgique. Au fil d’âpres luttes, d’interminables bras de fer et de laborieux compromis, les décideurs politiques ont peu à peu élaboré, ajusté, réajusté un cadre juridique susceptible de permettre à la fois une coexistence relativement pacifique et un fonctionnement raisonnablement efficace. Mais pendant que l’on se querelle encore sur la persistance de facilités dans quelques commun…
Bruxelles capitale de l’Europe
Ce qui fait d’une ville une bonne capitale dépend de multiples critères. La prise de conscience écologique conduit à accorder plus d’importance à l’un d’entre eux : la localisation plus ou moins centrale au sein du territoire. Quelle ville européenne répond le mieux à ce critère ? Le choix de Bruxelles comme capitale de l’Union européenne est-il susceptible de résister à la croissance de son importance ? Et à la poursuite de l’élargissement vers …
Brussel hoofdstad van Europa
Wat van een stad een goede hoofdstad maakt, hangt af van een veelheid van factoren. Ten gevolge van de ecologische bewustwording hecht men meer belang aan één bepaalde factor: de min of meer centrale ligging op het grondgebied. Welke Europese stad beantwoordt het best aan dat criterium? Is de keuze van Brussel als hoofdstad van de Europese Unie opgewassen tegen het toenemende belang van dat criterium en tegen de voortzetting van de uitbreiding na…
Brussel hoofdstad van Europa
aandeel van de bevolking dat zegt een taal goed of zeer goed te spreken (hetzij als moedertaal, hetzij als vreemde taal) en verdeelt deze indicator vervolgens in leeftijdsgroepen. Zo krijgen we een nauwkeurig idee van de verandering die aan de gang is
Brussels Capital of Europe
Introduction Language wars lie at the heart of Belgian history. Through a succession of bitter battles, endless power struggles and laborious compromises, Belgium’s political leaders gradually managed to elaborate, adjust and readjust a legal framework likely to facilitate a fairly peaceful cohabitation of the populations and a reasonably effective functioning of the institutions. But while squabbles are still going on about the survival of lingu…
Brussels, capital of Europe
There are many criteria which determine whether a city is a good capital. Ecological considerations lead us to place more emphasis on one criterion in particular, i.e. the more or less central location of the capital within the territory. Which European city meets this criterion best? Is the choice of Brussels as capital of the European Union likely to withstand the growing importance of this criterion and the continued enlargement towards the ea…
Analytical Marxism
Language Policy and Political Economy
As English emerges as the first worldwide lingua franca, countries whose native language is not English increasingly face the following dilemma: either they will have to lose their soul (by switching off the protection of their national language and culture) or they will have to lose their heart (by scaling down the redistributive component of their welfare state). This conclusion rests on the following premises, which the chapter presents and vi…
Social Justice and the Future of the Social Economy
A just society is a society whose institutions sustainably secure the greatest possible real freedom to those with least real freedom. It must comprise a ‘social economy’ for two reasons : (1) its greater ability to achieve a fruitful combination between the flexibility it shares with the for‐profit sector and the trust it shares with the public sector; (2) its ability to mobilize ‘self exploitation’ and thereby to meet many needs that could only…
Lingua franca and linguistic territoriality. Why they both matter to justice and why justice matters for both
The bottom line of my book Linguistic Justice for Europe and for the World (Oxford University Press, 2011, paperback 2015) can roughly be captured in the combination of two recommendations: that the democratization of competence English as a lingua franca should be fostered in Europe and elsewhere and that language communities should be allowed to protect their language against the invasion of English and other powerful languages by imposing thei…
Basic Income
A basic income (or demogrant) is an income paid by a political community to all its members on an individual basis, without means test or work requirement. This article surveys the various forms the basic income proposal has taken and how they relate to kin ideas; synthesizes the central case for basic income, as a strategy against both poverty and unemployment; examines the question of whether and in what sense a universal basic income is afford…
The Disfranchisement of the Elderly, and Other Attempts to Secure Intergenerational Justice
The Universal Basic Income
Utopian thinking consists of formulating proposals for radical reforms, justifying them on the basis of normative principles combined with the best possible scientific analysis of the root causes of the problems the proposals are meant to address, and subjecting these proposals to unindulgent critical scrutiny. Such utopian thinking is indispensable, and contributing to it is part of sociology's core business. This article illustrates these claim…
The Ground Floor of the World
As English emerges as the first world-wide lingua franca, countries whose native language is not English increasingly face the following dilemma: either they will have to lose their soul (by switching off the protection of their national language and culture) or they will have to lose their heart (by scaling down the redistributive component of their welfare state). This conclusion rests on the following premises, which the article presents and v…
A capitalist road to communism
Debate on Social Justice and Pension Reform
No serious discussion of possible pension reforms can dispense with some conception of what justice requires, both between and within generations. In this paper we first spell out step by step the implications for pension systems of a conception of social justice that articulates in coherent fashion the values of freedom, efficiency and solidarity heralded in the European project. We next consider in this light a number of important policy issues…
A Revolution in Class Theory
Linguistic Justice
The world is full of situations of asymmetric bilingualism: the members of one linguistic group learn the language of another without the latter reciprocating. In such a situation, the cost of learning is borne by one group, whereas the benefit is enjoyed by both. This paper first argues that, in the absence of any cost-sharing device, such situations are unjust. Next, it critically examines four potential criteria of linguistic justice, each of …
Basic Income Capitalism
Justice and Democracy
Just Europe
Basic Income and the Two Dilemmas of the Welfare State
Can we avoid a social tragedy? Can we help entering the next century with our welfare states in disarray, with labour's hard-won conquests under deadly threat, and with a growing minority of citizens losing all hope of ever getting a decent job and securing a decent standard of living throughout their existence? I believe we can, but also that it won't be easy. Both intelligence and will will be badly needed, basically to come to terms with two c…
What Makes a Good Compromise
A compromise is an agreement that involves mutual concessions. Each party gets less than it feels entitled to, but agrees to it because the situation it anticipates under the deal is better than the one it expects in the absence of a deal: conflict, exit or arbitration by a third party. Some compromises, however, are bad, and others are good. This article discusses three conjectures about what it is that makes a compromise good. Is a good comprom…
Linguistic justice and the territorial imperative
The most massive example of linguistic injustice is arguably provided by the increasing dominance of English, both within Europe and worldwide. One dimension of this injustice can be characterised in terms of unequal dignity. In order to address linguistic injustice in this sense, the most promising strategy consists in implementing a linguistic territoriality regime, i.e. a set of legal rules that constrain the choice of the languages used for p…
Europe's Linguistic Challenge
The irreversible adoption of English as Europe's lingua franca raises at least four serious issues of linguistic justice: unequal language-based economic rents, unequal share in the burden of language learning, unequal capacity to influence, and unequal respect for the associated identities. In each case, the nature of the problem is spelt out and solutions are proposed, on the background of an analysis of the micro-mechanisms that underlie the d…
Reciprocity and the Justification of an Unconditional Basic Income. Reply to Stuart White
1 Earlier versions of this reply were incorporated in talks I gave at Nuffield College, Oxford (3 November 1995) and at the Political Thought Seminar, University of Cambridge (21 January 1996). Many thanks to Tony Atkinson, Jerry Cohen, John Dunn, Cécile Fabre, Sue James, David Miller, Adam Swift, Stuart White, Andrew Williams and others (whose names I have forgotten or never knew) for stimulating discussions on these two occasions
Lingua franca and linguistic territoriality. Why they both matter to justice and why justice matters for both
The bottom line of my book Linguistic Justice for Europe and for the World (Oxford University Press, 2011, paperback 2015) can roughly be captured in the combination of two recommendations: that the democratization of competence English as a lingua franca should be fostered in Europe and elsewhere and that language communities should be allowed to protect their language against the invasion of English and other powerful languages by imposing thei…
Perverse Effects and Social Contradictions
Raymond Boudon's recent textbook La Logique du Social, constitutes a systematic attempt to provide sociology with solid foundations, by putting at its core the assumption that man acts rationally, or at least intentionally. Interactionist models, which rest on this assumption, Boudon argues, should replace determinist models, which assume that man is passively determined by social structures, roles or norms.l In particular, he argues that the not…
From Euro-Stipendium to Euro-Dividend
Do we need to rethink fundamentally the way\nin which trans-national solidarity is organized\nwithin the European Union? Yes we do, and\nSchmitter and Bauerâ s essay is therefore most\nwelcome to get this rethinking going, not with\ngrand or vague wishes, but with a modest and\nprecise proposal. Is their Euro-Stipendium\n(ES) the best way forward? We believe not,\npartly because of some design defects that can\nbe corrected at the cost of some co…
The Second Marriage of Justice and Efficiency
No major reform of the welfare state has a chance of going through unless one can make a plausible case as to both its 'ethical value' and its 'economic.value', that is, that it would have a positive effect in terms of both justice and efficiency. In this essay, this rough conjecture is first presented, and its plausibility probed, on the background of some stylised facts about the rise of modern welfare states in the postwar period. Next, the fo…
Justice and Migration. Europe’s Most Cruel Dilemma
Por que os surfistas devem ser alimentados
Neste artigo, Van Parijs argumenta a favor da renda básica incondicional. Sua posição é a de que essa forma de transferência de renda, que corresponde a uma subvenção paga a todos os cidadãos, independentemente de sua posição, ocupação, estado civil e disposição e disponibilidade para o trabalho, é necessária para a construção de uma sociedade justa. O autor procura mostrar que a renda básica incondicional é pertinente a uma concepção liberal de …
Functional Explanation and the Linguistic Analogy
En presence d'une explication fonctionnelle, les philosophes des sciences doivent emprunter une voie qui reponde a cette double question: 1. de quel type de regularite le sociologue deduit-il les faits qu'il explique? 2. par quel genre de mecanisme le fait a-t-il ete produit? L'etiologie ou recherche des causes intervient alors au niveau de la theorie fonctionnelle. Le rapprochement avec la linguistique diachronique montre que l'explication fonct…
Just Pensions
Philosophie et environnement
Gérard Gilbert,Depré Olivier,Van Parijs PhilippeGérard Gilbert, Depré Olivier, Van Parijs Philippe. Philosophie et environnement. In: Revue Philosophique de Louvain. Quatrième série, tome 96, n°3, 1998. pp. 393-394
Logique inductive et théorie du choix spéculatif. Note sur le destin commun de l'empirisme et du libéralisme
Cet article vise à montrer comment l'empirisme et le libéralisme ont donné lieu à des reformulations analogues entre elles — le problème de l'induction, le problème du choix collectif — des problèmes centraux de l'épistémologie et de la philosophie sociale respectivement; comment plus tard ces reformulations ont donné naissance à des théories logico-mathématiques — la logique inductive, la théorie du choix collectif — institutionnellement et surt…
Triadic Distributions and Contrepied Strategies
Karl Popper, le Cercle de Vienne et l'École de Francfort
Sur J.-F. Malherbe, La philosophie de Karl Popper et le positivisme logique (Namur, Presse Universitaires de Namur| Paris, PUF, 1976) qui est un expose critique de la philosophie des sciences de Popper et qui en interroge l'oeuvre sur la question de la dimension socio-politique de la pratique scientifique. Sont abordees les controverses de Popper avec le Cercle de Vienne, Kuhn et l'Ecole de Francfort
Théorie des catastrophes et matérialisme historique
Van Parijs Philippe. Théorie des catastrophes et matérialisme historique. In: Revue française de sociologie, 1978, 19-2. pp. 195-220
Functional Explanation and the Linguistic Analogy
En presence d'une explication fonctionnelle, les philosophes des sciences doivent emprunter une voie qui reponde a cette double question: 1. de quel type de regularite le sociologue deduit-il les faits qu'il explique? 2. par quel genre de mecanisme le fait a-t-il ete produit? L'etiologie ou recherche des causes intervient alors au niveau de la theorie fonctionnelle. Le rapprochement avec la linguistique diachronique montre que l'explication fonct…
From Contradiction to Catastrophe
The constitutive claim of historical materialism, of the materialist conception of history, consists in giving an explanatory primacy to a social formation’s ‘material structure’—i.e. to its productive forces (over its relationships of production), to its economic base (over its superstructure). The central difficulties of historical materialism consist in
Sociology as general economics
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Das grundlegende Puzzle des historischen Materialismus
How is it possible, at the same time, to claim that there is a causal primacy of the productive forces over the relations of production and to recognize that the development of the productive forces causally depends on the nature of the relations of production? This irritating puzzle, which threatens the very core of historical materialism, had never received a satisfactory solution until G.A. Cohen’s Karl Marx’s Theory of History. The latter ass…
Perverse Effects and Social Contradictions
Raymond Boudon's recent textbook La Logique du Social, constitutes a systematic attempt to provide sociology with solid foundations, by putting at its core the assumption that man acts rationally, or at least intentionally. Interactionist models, which rest on this assumption, Boudon argues, should replace determinist models, which assume that man is passively determined by social structures, roles or norms.l In particular, he argues that the not…
La nouvelle philosophie politique anglo-saxonne. Panorama bibliographique
L'article vise à présenter brièvement, et à situer les unes par rapport aux autres, les contributions les plus importantes à la philosophie politique anglo-saxonne de la dernière décennie. Il considère successivement les développements récents de l'utilitarisme (qu'ils soient dus à des philosophes ou des économistes), l'œuvre de Rawls et la littérature secondaire qu'elle a suscitée, plusieurs variantes de néolibéralisme, les premières ébauches d'…
Evolutionary Explanation in the Social Sciences
Why Marxist Economics Needs Microfoundations
The Shilling Primacy Puzzle. A Rejoinder
One important claim of G.A. Cohen's Karl Marx’s Theory of History is that only its functional interpretation of historical materialism can solve the “primacy puzzle”, i.e. can reconcile the primacy of the productive forces with the controlling role of the production relations. Cohen’s recent “Reply to Four Critics” (in this journal) does not salvage this claim against my earlier critique that it is either false or trivial. He only avoids falsehoo…
Evolutionary Explanation in the Social Sciences
In broad, nonmathematical terms, the author explains how evolutionary ideas can be applied in the social sciences. The book was one of the early attempts to publicise the rise of sociobiology
De l'épistémologie comme grammaire. Réponse à Pierre Marchal
Entitlement Theories of Justice
In Anarchy, State, and Utopia , Robert Nozick contrasts entitlement theories of justice and “traditional” theories such as Rawls', utilitarianism or egalitarianism, and advocates the former against the latter. What exactly is an entitlement theory (or conception or principle) of justice? Nozick's book offers two distinct characterizations. On the one hand, he explicitly describes “the general outlines of the entitlement theory” as maintaining “th…
Arguing for Socialism
Universal grants versus socialism
A capitalist road to communism
A Revolution in Class Theory
Liberté formelle et liberté réelle
Van Parijs Philippe. Liberté formelle et liberté réelle. La critique de Rawls par les Libertariens. In: Revue Philosophique de Louvain. Quatrième série, tome 86, n°69, 1988. pp. 59-83
Equal Endowments as Undominated Diversity
People vary in both tastes and talents. What is the most sensible formulation of the egalitarian ideal once this fact is fully taken into account? The paper examines a number of answers that have been offered to this question, in particular Ronald Dworkin’s counterfactual insurance schemes, and argues against them. It then presents an alternative proposal. The latter generalizes Bruce Ackerman’s notion of undominated genetic diversity, it can be …
Le modèle économique et ses rivaux
Au fil des essais rassembles ici, la plupart inedits en francais, Philippe Van Parijs reflechit sur une multitude d'exemples tires de la pratique effective de discipline tres diverses. Le resultat de cet effort multiforme est une introduction variee et coherente a la pratique de l'epistemologie des sciences sociales, ecrite a l'intention des sociologues et des anthropologues, des economistes et des politologues autant qu'a celle des philosophes
The Second Marriage of Justice and Efficiency
No major reform of the welfare state has a chance of going through unless one can make a plausible case as to both its 'ethical value' and its 'economic.value', that is, that it would have a positive effect in terms of both justice and efficiency. In this essay, this rough conjecture is first presented, and its plausibility probed, on the background of some stylised facts about the rise of modern welfare states in the postwar period. Next, the fo…
Qu'est-ce qu'une société juste ?
Cette édition numérique a été réalisée à partir d’un support physique, parfois ancien, conservé au sein du dépôt légal de la Bibliothèque nationale de France, conformément à la loi n° 2012-287 du 1er mars 2012 relative à l’exploitation des Livres indisponibles du XXe siècle. Non, l’invective et l’exégèse ne sont pas les seuls registres de la philosophie politique. Il n’est pas nécessaire, pour être pertinent, de se faire pamphlétaire, pas plus qu…
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