John Haiman
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 190503 |
|---|---|
| NOME | John Haiman |
| PRENOMES | John |
| SOBRENOME | Haiman |
| ASSINATURA | HAIMAN J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Macalester College |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 46 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 438 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 43 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 3 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1971 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2015 |
| ÍNDICE H | 10 |
Iconicity in Linguistics
The creation of new words
Exaptation (Lass, Journal of Linguistics 26: 79–102, 1990) is the recycling of meaningless linguistic “junk”, which may be recycled to create entirely new words. Two cases are examined here:There are two auxiliary verbs do in modern English. The first (Chomskyan do) has the distribution that is famously outlined in Syntactic structures. The second, a homophonous auxiliary, occurs in (negative) imperatives, and was completely indistinguishable fro…
Decorative symmetry in ritual (and everyday) language
In defence of iconicity
A number of iconically motivated grammatical distinctions, among them that between alienable and inalienable possession in Japanese and Korean, are graded. Haspelmath's Zipfian frequency hypothesis may be able to accommodate these facts (lowest bulk is most frequent, middle bulk is less frequent, and maximal bulk is maximally infrequent), but until more data are forthcoming, iconicity alone makes the correct predictions in those cases, and (cruci…
The Rhaeto-Romance Languages
The Rhaeto-Romance languages have been known as such to the linguistic community since the pioneering studies of Ascoli and Gartner over a century ago. There has never been a community of RR speakers based on a common history or polity and the various dialects are mutually unintelligible, but a unity, based on a number of common features, has been advanced. This book is the first general description of the Rhaeto-Romance languages to be written i…
Losses in Translation
Nouns, verbs and syntactic backsliding in Khmer
One of the difficulties in parsing Khmer is that morphosyntactic clues about the category membership of words are either lacking or misleading. In particular, words which seem to have the status of deverbal nominalizations because of a derivational infix - Vm(n)- are in fact “still”functioning as verbs. It may be that this phenomenon of “syntactic backsliding” provides novel evidence for the hypothesis that this infix was originally meaningless, …
Systematization and the origin of rules
One of the design features of language is its systematicity: to a considerable extent, the rules of grammar relate not to the world outside, but only to other rules. They exist in autonomy from external motivations. Subject-verb inversion in the Germanic languages as a marker of interrogatives is a well-known example of such an externally unmotivated rule. The notion of systematization implies a process whereby such rules have evolved from pre-sy…
Symmetrical Compounds in Khmer
Binomial coordinate compounds like English give and take are frequent in Khmer. Once the semantic motivation of these is opaque, the ones that survive are predominantly those which manifest some formal symmetry in the structure of their conjoined roots. The result is that Khmer has an enormous number of words like pell mell or zigzag , but, unlike the English examples, these have neither playful nor pejorative connotations. Moreover, the structur…
Auxiliation in Khmer the Case of Baan
From a typological perspective, the most striking — and perhaps the only noteworthy — feature of the auxiliation of the main verb baan 'get' in Khmer is that it migrates from V2 to V1 position, contravening the general tendency for grammatical morphemes to remain frozen in the same position where the words from which they originate are found. It may be that the reason for this migration is, ultimately, prosodic: Khmer is an iambic language; hence…
Essays on Language Function and Language Type Dedicated to T. Givon
1. Instead of an Introduction 2. From His Colleagues 3. His Publications 4. The Essays 5. Semantic Aspects of Morphological Typology (by Bybee, Joan L.) 6. The Typology of Predicate Case Marking (by Comrie, Bernard) 7. Grammaticalization and the Gradience of Categories: Relator Nouns and Postpositions in Tibetan and Burmese (by DeLancey, Scott) 8. A Typology of Argument-Determined Constructions (by Dixon, R.M.W.) 9. Are Grammatical Relations Univ…
Talk Is Cheap
Putting aside questions of truth and falsehood, the old ‘talk is cheap’ maxim carries as much weight as ever. Indeed, perhaps more. For one need not be an expert in irony or sarcasm to realize that people don’t necessarily mean what they say. Phrases such as ‘Yeah, right’ and ‘I could care less’ are so much a part of the way we speak - and the way we live - that we are more likely to notice when they are absent (for example, Forrest Gump). From o…
Possible Origins of Infixation in Khmer
The existence of infixation in Austroasiatic has always been treated as a given: one of such antiquity that it has been proposed as a possible index of genetic affiliation with Austronesian. Nor does the comparative method allow the reconstruction of a typologically more plausible set of prefixes from which the attested infixes could have been derived via metathesis. Yet a plausible mechanism for the infixation process can be suggested on the bas…
Essays on language function and language type
Repetition and identity
Ritualization and the development of language
Life, the universe, and human language (a brief synopsis)
Sarcasm as theater
Alienation in Grammar
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Clause Combining in Grammar and Discourse
On Some Origins of Medial Verb Morphology in Papuan Languages
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Iconicity in Syntax
Nunggubuyu Myths and Ethnographic Texts
Symmetry
Iconicity in Syntax
1. Introduction (by Haiman, John) 2. Part I: Motivation 3. Diagrammatic iconicity in stem-inflection relations (by Bybee, Joan L.) 4. Temporal sequence and Chinese word order (by Tai, James H-Y.) 5. Symmetry (by Haiman, John) 6. The inherent iconism of intonation (by Bolinger, Dwight) 7. Observations and speculations on subjectivity (by Langacker, Ronald W.) 8. The iconicity of the universal categories noun and verb (by Hopper, Paul J.) 9. Part I…
Iconic and Economic Motivation
The distance between linguistic expressions may be an iconically motivated index of the conceptual distance between the terms or events which they denote. But the length of an utterance may also correspond to the extent to which it conveys new or unfamiliar information. Reduced form may thus be an economically motivated index of familiarity. Much of the arbitrariness of grammatical structure arises where equally plausible motivations such as icon…
The Iconicity of Grammar
relates them may be diagrammatically iconic in two ways: (a) by isomorphism, a bi-unique correspondence tends to be established between signans and signatum; (b) by motivation, the structure of language directly reflects some aspect of the structure of reality. Isomorphism is so nearly universal that deviations from it require explanation. Motivation, although widespread, establishes a typology of languages, as indicated in Saussure's Cours. The …
Conditionals Are Topics
Conditional clauses and topics are marked identically in a number of unrelated languages. This is a surprising fact, since they are not usually considered to be related categories. Nevertheless, if formal similarity reflects similarity in meaning, they must indeed be related. A review of analyses of conditionals (in the philosophical literature) and of topics (primarily in linguistics) reveals that, in fact, their definitions are very similar. Mo…
Iconicity in Syntax
1. Introduction (by Haiman, John) 2. Part I: Motivation 3. Diagrammatic iconicity in stem-inflection relations (by Bybee, Joan L.) 4. Temporal sequence and Chinese word order (by Tai, James H-Y.) 5. Symmetry (by Haiman, John) 6. The inherent iconism of intonation (by Bolinger, Dwight) 7. Observations and speculations on subjectivity (by Langacker, Ronald W.) 8. The iconicity of the universal categories noun and verb (by Hopper, Paul J.) 9. Part I…
Iconicity in Syntax
Dictionaries and encyclopedias
Paratactic if-clauses
Iconicity, isomorphism, and non-arbitrary coding in syntax
This chapter explores the relationship between iconicity, isomorphism, and non-arbitrary coding in syntax. Givón argues that iconic coding principles, where the structure of language mirrors the structure of experience, play a significant role in shaping syntactic structures. He examines various syntactic phenomena, including word order, grammatical relations, and complex sentence constructions, demonstrating how these structures often reflect th…
Sarcasm as theater
Essays on Language Function and Language Type Dedicated to T. Givon
1. Instead of an Introduction 2. From His Colleagues 3. His Publications 4. The Essays 5. Semantic Aspects of Morphological Typology (by Bybee, Joan L.) 6. The Typology of Predicate Case Marking (by Comrie, Bernard) 7. Grammaticalization and the Gradience of Categories: Relator Nouns and Postpositions in Tibetan and Burmese (by DeLancey, Scott) 8. A Typology of Argument-Determined Constructions (by Dixon, R.M.W.) 9. Are Grammatical Relations Univ…
Repetition and identity
In defence of iconicity
A number of iconically motivated grammatical distinctions, among them that between alienable and inalienable possession in Japanese and Korean, are graded. Haspelmath's Zipfian frequency hypothesis may be able to accommodate these facts (lowest bulk is most frequent, middle bulk is less frequent, and maximal bulk is maximally infrequent), but until more data are forthcoming, iconicity alone makes the correct predictions in those cases, and (cruci…
Life, the universe, and human language (a brief synopsis)
Targets and Paradigmatic Borrowing in Romantsch
Recent work in generative grammar has demonstrated the relationship between surface structure constraints and transformational rules. In some cases, various unrelated rules have been found to interact, and, in so doing, to satisfy a given constraint, characterized as a target. Evidence is presented that Vallader, a Romantsch dialect, has a phonological target, realized by a number of rules, some peculiar to that dialect. In addition, Vallader sha…
Dictionaries and encyclopedias again
Phonological Targets and Unmarked Structures
Three formally unrelated conditions in the phonology of Turkish ensure that no non-initial syllable in native words will have the nuclear vowel o or ö. Far from being arbitrary, this constraint, a phonological target in Turkish, produces a result that is compatible with a target in a number of unrelated languages, among them Russian and Romantsch. It is suggested that ‘universal’ or widely shared targets are often, if not always, maximally unmark…
Targets and Paradigmatic Borrowing in Romantsch
Recent work in generative grammar has demonstrated the relationship between surface structure constraints and transformational rules. In some cases, various unrelated rules have been found to interact, and, in so doing, to satisfy a given constraint, characterized as a target. Evidence is presented that Vallader, a Romantsch dialect, has a phonological target, realized by a number of rules, some peculiar to that dialect. In addition, Vallader sha…
Ablaut in the Hua Verb
Phonological Targets and Unmarked Structures
Three formally unrelated conditions in the phonology of Turkish ensure that no non-initial syllable in native words will have the nuclear vowel o or ö. Far from being arbitrary, this constraint, a phonological target in Turkish, produces a result that is compatible with a target in a number of unrelated languages, among them Russian and Romantsch. It is suggested that ‘universal’ or widely shared targets are often, if not always, maximally unmark…
Connective Particles in Hua
Reinterpretation
REINTERPRETATION John Haiman University ofManitoba A morphological peculiarity ofHua, a language ofPapua New Guinea, is that object and possessive pronouns with a certain class of verbal and nominal roots are infixed rather than prefixed. This is shown to result from a combination of two reinterpretations , Watkins' Law and the analytic leap, both identifiable as instances of abductive reasoning. The Hua example is particularly instructive in sho…
Reinterpretation
A morphological peculiarity of Hua, a language of Papua New Guinea, is that object and possessive pronouns with a certain class of verbal and nominal roots are infixed rather than prefixed. This is shown to result from a combination of two reinterpretations, Watkins' Law and the analytic leap, both identifiable as instances of abductive reasoning. The Hua example is particularly instructive in showing how a change from prefixation to infixation, …
Targets and Syntactic Change
A Study in Polysemy
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Ratoromanisches Colloquium Mainz
Conditionals Are Topics
Conditional clauses and topics are marked identically in a number of unrelated languages. This is a surprising fact, since they are not usually considered to be related categories. Nevertheless, if formal similarity reflects similarity in meaning, they must indeed be related. A review of analyses of conditionals (in the philosophical literature) and of topics (primarily in linguistics) reveals that, in fact, their definitions are very similar. Mo…
New Guinea Area Languages and Language Study, I
Dictionaries and encyclopedias
The Iconicity of Grammar
relates them may be diagrammatically iconic in two ways: (a) by isomorphism, a bi-unique correspondence tends to be established between signans and signatum; (b) by motivation, the structure of language directly reflects some aspect of the structure of reality. Isomorphism is so nearly universal that deviations from it require explanation. Motivation, although widespread, establishes a typology of languages, as indicated in Saussure's Cours. The …
Dictionaries and encyclopedias again
Studies in English and Hungarian Contrastive Linguistics
Paratactic if-clauses
Iconic and Economic Motivation
The distance between linguistic expressions may be an iconically motivated index of the conceptual distance between the terms or events which they denote. But the length of an utterance may also correspond to the extent to which it conveys new or unfamiliar information. Reduced form may thus be an economically motivated index of familiarity. Much of the arbitrariness of grammatical structure arises where equally plausible motivations such as icon…
“Subordination” in Universal Grammar
Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1984), pp. 510-523
Zur funktionalen Motivation der Wortstellung
Hua
There is no country in the world where as many different languages are spoken as in New Guinea, approximately a fifth of the languages in the world. Most of these so-called Papuan languages seem to be unrelated to languages spoken elsewhere. The present work is the first truly comprehensive study of such a language, Hua. The chief typological peculiarity of Hua is the existence of a ‘medial verb’construction used to conjoin clauses in compound an…
Symmetry
Iconicity in Syntax
1. Introduction (by Haiman, John) 2. Part I: Motivation 3. Diagrammatic iconicity in stem-inflection relations (by Bybee, Joan L.) 4. Temporal sequence and Chinese word order (by Tai, James H-Y.) 5. Symmetry (by Haiman, John) 6. The inherent iconism of intonation (by Bolinger, Dwight) 7. Observations and speculations on subjectivity (by Langacker, Ronald W.) 8. The iconicity of the universal categories noun and verb (by Hopper, Paul J.) 9. Part I…
Iconicity, isomorphism, and non-arbitrary coding in syntax
This chapter explores the relationship between iconicity, isomorphism, and non-arbitrary coding in syntax. Givón argues that iconic coding principles, where the structure of language mirrors the structure of experience, play a significant role in shaping syntactic structures. He examines various syntactic phenomena, including word order, grammatical relations, and complex sentence constructions, demonstrating how these structures often reflect th…
Nunggubuyu Myths and Ethnographic Texts
On Some Origins of Medial Verb Morphology in Papuan Languages
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Philosophy (37 obras) · Linguistics (35 obras) · Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation (17 obras) · Linguistic Variation and Morphology (15 obras) · Computer Science (14 obras) · Psychology (14 obras) · History (12 obras) · Sociology (8 obras) · Language, Metaphor, and Cognition (7 obras) · Historical Linguistics and Language Studies (6 obras)