Stephen Gaukroger
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 190784 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Stephen Gaukroger |
| PRENOMES | Stephen |
| SOBRENOME | Gaukroger |
| ASSINATURA | GAUKROGER S |
| AFILIAÇÕES | The University of Sydney |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8311-5633 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 62 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 29 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 53 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 9 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1979 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
The shaping of character
In an essay on Grote's History of Greece, John Stuart Mill remarked: ‘The battle of Marathon, even as an event in English history, is more important than the battle of Hastings.’1 We may find this statement surprising, but Mill's contemporaries would not have. Just as nineteenth-century European scholars focused on the ancient Orient and its religions largely because they thought modern Eastern cultures static or degraded and of incidental value,…
Making sense of the exotic
In his 1681 Discours sur l'histoire universelle, Bossuet declared that Christianity provided the organizing thread of history, and anything that was not guided by it was irrelevant. Nine years later, in Locke's Essay Concerning Human Understanding, travel reports provided the primary source of information, above all in their demonstration of the extent of moral diversity. During the Enlightenment, reports of thoroughly "alien" worlds, notably the…
Charles Bonnet
Longue Durée History
Cartesianism and Visual Cognition
Throughout his writings, Desmond Clarke has shown that there is little in Descartes' thought that is not informed by his natural-philosophical interests. But while great attention has been paid to his physical and physiological theories, his optics seemed to bear very little on his more general philosophical concerns. In fact it went to the core of epistemology for Descartes and for Cartesians. His optical instrument model of visual cognition dir…
Descartes and Cartesianism
Descartes' Treatise on Man and Its Reception
Before Boas
Before Boas: the genesis of ethnography and ethnology in the German Enlightenment, by Han F. Vermeulen." Intellectual History Review, 27(4), pp. 561–562
Descartes’ Treatise on Man and its Reception
Imagined civilizations
In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries there was an occasional interest on the part of philosophers and others in China, stimulated by the reports emanating from Jesuit missionaries who had be
Introduction
Kant and the nature of matter
Undercontextualization and Overcontextualization in the History of Science
Previous articleNext article FreeBrief CommentsUndercontextualization and Overcontextualization in the History of ScienceStephen GaukrogerStephen Gaukroger Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailQR Code SectionsMore1 Longue durée. The difference between what might be termed micro-history/short-termism and longue dur…
Descartes and the First Cartesians
Roger Ariew has been writing about Descartes, his immediate predecessors, and immediate successors for a number of decades, and his Descartes and the Last Scholastics (1999) delivered valuable insi
Subverting Aristotle
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The Early Modern Idea of Scientific Doctrine and Its Early Christian Origins
One of most surprising aspects of the shift from scholastic natural philosophy to the new mechanist natural philosophies in the early decades of the seventeenth century is the retention of a doctrinal conception of knowledge. There was an assumption not only among scholastics, but also among many of their seventeenth-century opponents, that philosophy—and especially natural philosophy—had to take a doctrinal form. This is despite the fact that ma…
The Discovery and Consolidation of a Scientific Culture in the West in the Modern Era
The Discovery and Consolidation of a Scientific Culture in the West in the Modern Era Stephen Gaukroger UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY INTELLECTUAL HISTORIAN Stephen Gaukroger is engaged in an ambitious, multivolume historical project on the emergence and consolidation of a scientific culture in the West in the modern era. Two volumes have already appeared: The Emergence of a Scientific Culture: Science and the Shaping of Modernity, 1210 – 1685 (Oxford Uni…
Objectivity
This title explores the theoretical and practical problems of objectivity by assessing the basic questions raised by it. Is objectivity possible? Can there be objectivity in matters of morals, or tastes? Objectivity is both an essential and elusive philosophical concept. An account is considered to be objective if it attempts to capture the nature of the object studied without judgement of a conscious entity or subject
What Does History Matter to the History of Philosophy
Contrary to most modern interpretations, in the early modern period, history was an indispensable resource for many philosophers. The different uses of history by Bacon, Gassendi, Locke, and Hume are explored to establish the role of history as a resource in early-modern philosophy
Pliny's Encyclopedia
Aude Doody, Pliny's Encyclopedia: The Reception of the Natural History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), viii + 194pp., £55.00 (hb), ISBN 978-0-521-49103-7 The Historia Naturalis of Pl
The Treatise on Man
These men will be composed, as we are, of a soul and a body. And I must describe for you first the body on its own; and then the soul, again on its own; and finally I must show you how these two natures would have to be joined and united so as to constitute men resembling us.
Descartes
Notes and Documents
Blackwell Guide to Descartes' Meditations
The Académie des Sciences and the Republic of Letters
Objectivity
This title explores the theoretical and practical problems of objectivity by assessing the basic questions raised by it. Is objectivity possible? Can there be objectivity in matters of morals, or tastes? Objectivity is both an essential and elusive philosophical concept. An account is considered to be objective if it attempts to capture the nature of the object studied without judgement of a conscious entity or subject
The hydrostatic paradox and the origins of Cartesian dynamics
The Soft Underbelly of Reason
Undercontextualization and Overcontextualization in the History of Science
Previous articleNext article FreeBrief CommentsUndercontextualization and Overcontextualization in the History of ScienceStephen GaukrogerStephen Gaukroger Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailQR Code SectionsMore1 Longue durée. The difference between what might be termed micro-history/short-termism and longue dur…
Romanticism and decommodification
This paper examines the question of how socialism has been conceived in Marxist terms. The problem is stated, and possible solutions explored, in the first section. In the second and third sections, which make up the main body of the paper, Marx's anthropologically inspired conception of socialism, both in its 1844 and later versions, is examined and found wanting. In the course of the discussion, it is argued that decommodification per se cannot…
A ristotle on Intelligible Matter
In Metaphysics K, Aristotle talks of mathematical objects having matter: 'ows oG & &op7JueLe -Ls av rrOLctS ETLV E'nLaT?LRS To &avopTatX spi TIjS TWV aOLvrrxZv 'Xils (l059b14-16). There can be only one kind of matter that he has in mind here. Sensible matter is ruled out because this is the proper object of physics whereas, as he points out (1059b20-21), the matter of mathematical objects is the proper subject of first philosophy. Nor can prime m…
Introduction
The Académie des Sciences and the Republic of Letters
Descartes's Early Doctrine of Clear and Distinct Ideas
Philosophers since Arnauld have often found the doctrine of clear and distinct ideas, as it figures in works such as the Meditations, distinctly odd and implausible. My aim in this paper is to show that the original version of the doctrine, which Descartes held up to 1628, is very different from the doctrine that is defended in Meditations. I shall argue that the earlier doctrine is both more plausible and more restricted than the later metaphysi…
The Uses of Antiquity
M. Dummett, Frege
The One and The Many
In Book K of the Metaphysics Aristotle raises a problem about a very persistent concern of Greek philosophy, that of the relation between the one (τ⋯ ἓν) and the many (τ⋯ πλ***θ***), but in a rather peculiar context. He asks: ‘What on earth is it in virtùe of which mathematical magnitudes are one? It is reasonable that things around us [i.e. sensible things] be one in virtue of [their] ψνχ⋯ or part of their ψνχ⋯, or something else; otherwise ther…
The Metaphysics of Impenetrability
In this paper I want to examine in some detail one eighteenth-century attempt to restructure the foundations of mechanics, that of Leonhard Euler. It is now generally recognized that the idea, due to Mach, that all that happened in the eighteenth century was the elaboration of a deductive and mathematical mechanics on the basis of Newton's Laws is misleading at best. Newton's Principia needed much more than a reformulation in analytic terms if it…
Aristotle on the function of sense perception
Essay Review
Adonis and Metis
A ristotle on Intelligible Matter
In Metaphysics K, Aristotle talks of mathematical objects having matter: 'ows oG & &op7JueLe -Ls av rrOLctS ETLV E'nLaT?LRS To &avopTatX spi TIjS TWV aOLvrrxZv 'Xils (l059b14-16). There can be only one kind of matter that he has in mind here. Sensible matter is ruled out because this is the proper object of physics whereas, as he points out (1059b20-21), the matter of mathematical objects is the proper subject of first philosophy. Nor can prime m…
Aristotle on the function of sense perception
The One and The Many
In Book K of the Metaphysics Aristotle raises a problem about a very persistent concern of Greek philosophy, that of the relation between the one (τ⋯ ἓν) and the many (τ⋯ πλ***θ***), but in a rather peculiar context. He asks: ‘What on earth is it in virtùe of which mathematical magnitudes are one? It is reasonable that things around us [i.e. sensible things] be one in virtue of [their] ψνχ⋯ or part of their ψνχ⋯, or something else; otherwise ther…
The Metaphysics of Impenetrability
In this paper I want to examine in some detail one eighteenth-century attempt to restructure the foundations of mechanics, that of Leonhard Euler. It is now generally recognized that the idea, due to Mach, that all that happened in the eighteenth century was the elaboration of a deductive and mathematical mechanics on the basis of Newton's Laws is misleading at best. Newton's Principia needed much more than a reformulation in analytic terms if it…
M. Dummett, Frege
Descartes' Philosophy of Science . Desmond M. Clarke
L'orientation de la science cartesienne. Geraud Tournadre
Romanticism and decommodification
This paper examines the question of how socialism has been conceived in Marxist terms. The problem is stated, and possible solutions explored, in the first section. In the second and third sections, which make up the main body of the paper, Marx's anthropologically inspired conception of socialism, both in its 1844 and later versions, is examined and found wanting. In the course of the discussion, it is argued that decommodification per se cannot…
The Uses of Antiquity
On True and False Ideas
This is an English translation of Arnauld's philosophical reply to Malebranche's Search After Truth. It forms the core of one of the most important philosophical controversies of the 17th century, and one which was to have an impact on 18th-century philosophy, especially in Britain. The translation is accompanied by an introductory essay which looks at the history of the problem of perceptual cognition up until the dispute between Arnauld and Mal…
Descartes's Early Doctrine of Clear and Distinct Ideas
Philosophers since Arnauld have often found the doctrine of clear and distinct ideas, as it figures in works such as the Meditations, distinctly odd and implausible. My aim in this paper is to show that the original version of the doctrine, which Descartes held up to 1628, is very different from the doctrine that is defended in Meditations. I shall argue that the earlier doctrine is both more plausible and more restricted than the later metaphysi…
Causation in Early Modern Philosophy
The ten modes of aenesidemus and the myth of ancient scepticism
(1995). The ten modes of aenesidemus and the myth of ancient scepticism. British Journal for the History of Philosophy: Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 371-387.
Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz
Seized by the spirit of modern science
The World and Other Writings
Descartes' The World offers the most comprehensive vision of the nature of the world since Aristotle, and is crucial for an understanding of his later writings, in particular the Meditations and Principles of Philosophy. Above all, it provides an insight into how Descartes conceived of natural philosophy before he started to reformulate his doctrines in terms of a sceptically driven epistemology. Of its two parts, the Treatise on Light introduced…
Justification, truth, and the development of science
La genesis de la mecanica de los fluidos (1640-1780) . Julian Simon Calero
Francis Bacon and the Transformation of Early-Modern Philosophy
This ambitious and important book, first published in 2001, provides a truly general account of Francis Bacon as a philosopher. It describes how Bacon transformed the values that had underpinned philosophical culture since antiquity by rejecting the traditional idea of a philosopher as someone engaged in contemplation of the cosmos. The book explores in detail how and why Bacon attempted to transform the largely esoteric discipline of natural phi…
Objectivity, History of
Objectivity, History of
Descartes
Francis Bacon and the Transformation of Early-Modern Philosophy
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