Thomas J Holt
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 200949 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Thomas J Holt |
| PRENOMES | Thomas J |
| SOBRENOME | Holt |
| ASSINATURA | HOLT T J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Michigan State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5894-0172 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 103 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 689 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 102 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1978 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 15 |
Maternal or Material? Breast Pumps, Sexualization, and Technicways on YouTube
Breast pumps are designed to support infant feeding, yet YouTube videos demonstrating their use often blur the boundary between instruction and sexualized performance. This study examines instructional breast pump demonstration videos to understand how maternal technologies are represented in digital spaces. Using qualitative observational analysis, we identify recurring patterns of sexualized presentation, instructional disclaimers, embodied per…
The psychological correlates of cybercrime offending
This study sought to explore the relationship between low self-control, social learning, and serious forms of cybercrime offending. Using general population survey data from 1240 Dutch young people, we ran a series of binary logistic regression models to estimate the role of various risk variables for engaging in four cyber-dependent crimes: guessing passwords, DoS/DDoS attacks, hacking with technological means, and website defacements. The analy…
Exploring the Role of Self-Control Across Distinct Patterns of Cyber-Deviance in Emerging Adolescence
A disproportionally large number of adolescents engage in cyber-deviance. However, it is unclear if distinct patterns of adolescent cyber-deviance are evident, and if so, whether and to what extent low self-control is associated with different patterns of cyber-deviance. The current study addressed this research gap by examining the relationship between self-control and distinct latent classes of adolescent cyber-deviance net of potential confoun…
Assessing the Gendered Risks of Online Fraud Victimization in a General Population Sample
Fraud results in billions of losses each year. While research has examined fraud victimization risk, it is less clear how online routine activities are associated with fraud risk, and how gender differentially influences risk. Using a sample of Michigan-based respondents ( n = 1,203), and subsamples of men ( n = 570) and women ( n = 633), the study assessed the association between routine activities and fraud victimization. Results suggested that…
Assessing the Correlates of Online Fraud Offending Among Juveniles
Research exploring online fraud has largely focused on victim characteristics, limiting our knowledge of the factors influencing individuals’ risk of engaging in fraud offenses. It is essential that researchers understand the early-onset risk factors for fraud offending to develop better strategies to prevent behavior and reduce victimization. To address this gap in the literature, this study explored the relationship between self-control, opport…
A Scoping Review of the Knowledge Base Regarding the Law Enforcement Response to Cybercrime
Research on cybercrimes, or offenses facilitated by technology, has increased dramatically over the last three decades. The primary focus of research within this space has been on victim and offender behavior, with far less inquiry as to the structural capacities of local, state, and federal or national police forces to investigate these crimes. This calls to question what the state of research on policing and its relationship to cybercrime invol…
You've got (no) mail
The evolution of Nigerian cybercrime
Thus far, the literature on cybercrime has focussed on ‘cyber-dependent’, rather than ‘cyber-enabled’ crime. This has meant the emphasis has been on online settings, technical offences, and Western cybercriminals. This paper seeks to partially address these gaps through focussed qualitative case study analyses of two Nigerian offender networks based in Europe, which were both engaged in cyber-enabled fraud and had a strong offline component. We s…
Rethinking cybercrime prevention in the age of the internet
Assessing the Correlates of Job Stress and Satisfaction Among Federal Law Enforcement Officers
Research on the occupational responses of federal government employees has grown dramatically over the last 40 years. Though invaluable, few have explored these issues in federal law enforcement populations who operate within diverse working environments that differ from traditional state and local police agencies, and other civil servants. In addition, their working lives can be impacted by political factors beyond their control, such as governm…
An Assessment of the Harms Associated With Ideologically Motivated Cyberattacks
There has been a dramatic increase in research on terrorism and extremist activities over the last two decades. Despite this growth, the majority of studies focus on either the harm caused by ideologically-motivated violence in physical spaces, or the ways in which individuals radicalize and organize in online spaces. There is growing evidence that traditional extremist groups and terrorists engage in cyberattacks, such as computer hacking, in su…
Stolen Valor? Examining the Associations Between Military Service, Data Breach Victimization, and Identity Theft Victimization
Veterans have been identified as a group that is vulnerable to victimization. Despite this, few works have sought to determine whether their risk is consistent across subpopulations within this community, and whether they face a similarly elevated risk of data breach victimization. Using the 2018 wave of the NCVS-ITS ( n = 92,642), logistic regressions suggest that veterans and military servicemembers face greater risk of data breach and identity…
Examining the Online Posting Behaviors and Trajectories of Incel Forum Members
Involuntary celibates, or incels , have been of heightened interest to scholars and practitioners due to their ongoing engagement in misogynistic and violent discourse. The incel subculture is complex, requiring unique strategies to develop effective interventions. The present study investigates patterns in incels’ online posting behaviors and whether acceptance of subcultural beliefs is reflected in variations of user engagement and posting beha…
Assessing the Practices of Online Counterfeit Currency Vendors
The development of the Internet and e-commerce tools have simplified the process of commercial exchange for both legal and illicit goods. The rise of online markets for illicit goods enable access to facilitatory resources for crime, such as firearms and counterfeit identity documents. Few have considered how these online markets facilitate the sale of counterfeit currencies for use in offline environments. The current study attempted to address …
Cybercrime and Cyber Investigations
Examining Phishing Attempts on Data Breach Victims
Data breaches are an everyday occurrence, exposing the personal details of millions globally. The victim impacts of data breaches can be considerable, including a range of financial harms such as fraud and identity crime, as well as non-financial harms, such as declines in emotional and psychological wellbeing. While these harms are documented, there is less research exploring how data breaches in particular expose victims to further victimisatio…
Police capacity for cybercrime response
Assessing Cyberattacks in Response to Police Actions in Physical Space
Exploring the factors that differentiate individual and group offenders in cyber-dependent crime
Understanding the Human Factor in Cybercrime
Are Active Users the Most Central to Hacker Social Networks? A Comparative Analysis of Public and Private Online Network Structures Among Hackers
The last decade witnessed significant research of user behavior and social networks within online hacker forums and illicit markets. Researchers have used the quantifiable nature of forum posting behaviors to assess network ties between actors and identify key participants based on their connections. These studies are based on the publicly identifiable associations between actors in public posts. Participants within forums can also connect with u…
Exploring and Estimating the Revenues of Cybercrime-As-Service Providers
Research on cybercrime-as-service markets has increased substantially over the last decade, particularly the use of so-called booter and stresser services that enable individuals to engage in high volume denial of service attacks against websites and servers. There is far less research considering the revenues vendors may generate from running these services, calling to question whether the economic gains from this form of crime are greater than …
Cybercriminal networks in the UK and Beyond
This article examines the network structure, criminal cooperation, and external interactions of cybercriminal networks. Its contribution is empirical and inductive. The core of this study involved carrying out 10 case analyses on closed cybercrime investigations – all with financial motivations on the part of the offenders - in the UK and beyond. Each analysis involved investigator interview and access to unpublished law enforcement files. The co…
Assessing Racial and Ethnically Motivated Extremist Cyberattacks Using Open Source Data
Over the last twenty years, researchers have noted the range of violent and financial crimes performed by racial and ethnically-motivated actors. There is also substantial evidence demonstrating the ways that these actors utilize the Internet and various online communications platforms as a resource to recruit others and coordinate criminal activities. As virtually all aspects of modern interpersonal communication, commerce, and government depend…
Assessing the Correlates of Cryptofraud Victimization Reporting
Examining the Applicability of Lifestyle-Routine Activities Theory for Cybercrime Victimization
A great deal of criminological research has attempted to understand and identify the causes of victimization using the lifestyle-routine activities theory. Recent researchers have argued that the lifestyle-routine activities theory may be able to explain the increasingly significant phenomenon of computer and cybercrime. This claim has been contested by Yar (Citation2005), however, who argues that routine activities theory is limited in explainin…
Examining Sex Work from the Client's Perspective
Academic research on prostitution focuses on the prostitute, rather than the clients, who are called johns. This limits our understanding of the methods and reasons individuals solicit sex. However, johns increasingly use computer mediated communications to discuss sex work. Their comments provide insight into the attitudes and methods of johns. This qualitative study utilizes a sample of posts from active Web forums for johns in 10 U.S. cities. …
Subcultural Evolution? Examining the Influence of on- And Off-Line Experiences on Deviant Subcultures
Subcultural research gives significant insight into the ways individuals learn to approve of and justify involvement in crime and deviance. However, most research examines subcultures in either cyberspace or real-world social situations. Few have considered how off-line and online experiences overlap and influence subcultural values and norms. This study addresses this issue by exploring the normative orders of computer hacker subculture with mul…
An Assessment of the Current State of Cybercrime Scholarship
Computers and the Internet have become a vital part of modern life across the world, affecting communications, finance, and governance. At the same time, technology has created unparalleled opportunities for crime and deviance on- and off-line. Criminological research has expanded its focus over the last two decades to address the various forms of technology-enabled crime and the applicability of traditional theories to account for offending. The…
A Crime Script Analysis of the Online Stolen Data Market
The purpose of this study is to better understand the online black market economy, specifically relating to stolen data, using crime script analysis. Content analysis of 13 English- and Russian-speaking stolen data forums found that the different products and services offered enabled the commodification of stolen data. The marketplace offers a range of complementary products, from the supply of hardware and software to steal data, the sale of the…
Transferring Subcultural Knowledge On-Line
Criminal subcultures form around deviant behaviors as a consequence of persistent interactions with like-minded others who facilitate the transmission of norms, values, and belief. Although researchers have explored social interactions in the real world, few have considered how learning occurs through virtual interactions. We address the role of on-line interactions in spreading subcultural knowledge by interviewing 34 persistent digital pirates …
Examining the Forces Shaping Cybercrime Markets Online
Malicious software is increasingly used by hackers and attackers in order to acquire sensitive information and compromise various systems. The sophistication of these tools has increased to such a point that individuals now sell various programs and services through electronic markets where data can be bought and sold. There is, however, minimal research examining the social dynamics that structure the relationships between buyers and sellers and…
Examining the Virtual Subculture of Johns
The growth of the Internet and computer-mediated communications has enabled the formation of a variety of deviant subcultures online, particularly among sexual deviants.This qualitative study examines the subculture of the male heterosexual clients of sex workers by exploring their argot. Using a sample of posts from Web forums in ten U.S. cities, this study identifies three subcultural norms that structure beliefs and attitudes about sex work am…
Predicting Online Harassment Victimization Among a Juvenile Population
Online harassment can consist of threatening, worrisome, emotionally hurtful, or sexual messages delivered via an electronic medium that can lead victims to feel fear or distress much like real-world harassment and stalking. This activity is especially prevalent among middle and high school populations who frequently use technology as a means to communicate with others. Little is known, however, whether factors linked to computer crime victimizat…
Examining the Mediating Effects of Social Learning on the Low Self-Control-Cyberbullying Relationship in a Youth Sample
Over the last decade, researchers have conducted a significant amount of research to explore the causes and consequences of cyberbullying, where individuals use the Internet in order to send harmful and aggressive messages. Using a sample of middle and high school students in Kentucky, the current study utilized low self-control and social learning theories in an attempt to further understand why adolescents engage in cyberbullying. The binary lo…
Offending and Victimization in the Digital Age
Cybercrime research suggests that, analogous to traditional crime, victims are more likely to be offenders. This overlap could be caused by shared risk factors, but it is unclear if these are comparable to traditional risk factors. Utilizing a high risk sample of computer-dependent cyber-offenders and traditional offenders (N = 535) we compare victimization, offending, and victimization-offending between cybercrime and traditional crime. Cybercri…
Exploring the social organisation and structure of stolen data markets
As consumers are increasingly using the Internet to manage their finances, there has been a concomitant increase in the risk of theft and fraud by cybercriminals. Hackers who acquire sensitive consumer data utilise information on their own, or sell the information in online forums for a significant profit. Few have considered the organisational composition of the participants engaged in the sale of stolen data, including the presence of manageria…
Bullying victimization and adolescent mental health
The effect of self-control on victimization in the cyberworld
Examining the risk reduction strategies of actors in online criminal markets
Research examining offender risk reduction strategies within illicit markets focus primarily on those operating in the real world for drugs and stolen goods. Few have considered the strategies that may be used by individuals in virtual illicit markets that are hidden from public view. This study addresses this gap through a grounded theory analysis of posts from 10 Russian and three English language web forums selling stolen data to engage in ide…
Examining Risks and Protective Factors of On-Line Identity Theft
Identity-based crimes are considered to be one of the most significant and growing problems of the last 20 years due to the significant economic harm these offenses pose for victims. The increased use and availability of personal information through on-line outlets has significantly increased the risk of identity-based fraud, although few have considered the factors that affect the likelihood of this type of victimization. This study utilizes a s…
Examining the displacement practices of johns with on-line data
Examining the Role of Technology in the Formation of Deviant Subcultures
This article examines the development of technology-focused deviant subcultures. The adoption of new technologies cause shifts in human behavior patterns, and a small body of research has considered the ways that criminals adjust their offending practices due to new technology. Few have, however, explored the ways that technology produces new forms of crime and deviance. This study addresses this gap in the literature by examining the argot of th…
Digital Drift and the 'Sense of Injustice
Over the past several decades, criminological scholarship has increasingly focused on the problem of cybercrime including technology-enabled offending. Theoretical developments that account for these offences have not grown in tandem, leading to questions as to the nature of cybercriminality relative to traditional forms of offending. Recently, Goldsmith and Brewer proposed the conceptual framework of digital drift, extending elements of Matza’s …
Internet-Based Radicalization as Enculturation to Violent Deviant Subcultures
This work examines the intersections of subcultural theories and radicalization theories from terrorism studies to identify how they may be improved through integration. To date there have been almost no efforts to merge these frameworks, though terrorism shares common characteristics of deviant subcultures. Both are driven by ideologies that are in opposition to that of their targets. We focus particularly on the process of online radicalization…
Assessing the Practices and Products of Darkweb Firearm Vendors
The development of the Darknet as a parallel network to the Web in the 21st century has facilitated illegal trafficking in small arms, as defined by the United Nations. The authors have used investigative research methodologies to observe six weapon sale sites on the Darknet over a six-month period to identify sellers of firearms, the type and caliber of weapons for sale, manufacturer, price in Bitcoin, and the principle national origins of the f…
Exploring and Estimating the Revenues and Profits of Participants in Stolen Data Markets
Researchers have begun to explore the problem of mass data breaches, where consumer information is acquired by cybercriminals and sold in open markets on-line. Although studies document the social processes of the market and relationships between buyers and sellers, few have considered the revenues earned from market transactions. This study explored these issues using a sample of threads from 10 Russian language and 3 English language Web forums…
Examining the Online Expression of Ideology among Far-Right Extremist Forum Users
Over the last decade, there has been an increased focus among researchers on the role of the Internet among actors and groups across the political and ideological spectrum. There has been particular emphasis on the ways that far-right extremists utilize forums and social media to express ideological beliefs through sites affiliated with real-world extremist groups and unaffiliated websites. The majority of research has used qualitative assessment…
The Impact of Self Control and Neighborhood Disorder on Bullying Victimization
Triggered by Defeat or Victory? Assessing the Impact of Presidential Election Results on Extreme Right-Wing Mobilization Online
The theoretical literature from criminology, social movements, and political sociology, among others, includes diverging views about how political outcomes could affect movements. Many theories argue that political defeats motivate the losing side to increase their mobilization while other established models claim the winning side may feel encouraged and thus increase their mobilization. We examine these diverging perspectives in the context of t…
Black over White
Black over White
Journal Article Black over White: Negro Political Leadership in South Carolina during Reconstruction. By Thomas Holt. (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1977. 269 pp. Charts, tables, appendixes, notes, bibliographical essay, and index. $12.50.) Get access Jonathan M. Wiener Jonathan M. Wiener University of California, Irvine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 65, Issue …
The Problem of Freedom
Thomas Holt's *The Problem of Freedom* examines the intertwined histories of labor, race, and politics in Jamaica and Britain from the late eighteenth century through the early twentieth century. Challenging conventional narratives of emancipation and post-emancipation societies, Holt argues that the struggle for freedom was not a singular event but a continuous process shaped by the interplay of local and imperial forces. He analyzes how formerl…
Examining a Transnational Problem
Policymakers, the media, and governmental agencies suggest that computer crimes are on the rise, and have been for many years. Few countries produce the statistics and information needed to reinforce such claims, making it difficult to understand the scope of this issue. This research estimates the prevalence of computer crime victimization in eight countries, as well as the rates and changes that occur using the world on‐line population and each…
Examining Sex Work from the Client's Perspective
Academic research on prostitution focuses on the prostitute, rather than the clients, who are called johns. This limits our understanding of the methods and reasons individuals solicit sex. However, johns increasingly use computer mediated communications to discuss sex work. Their comments provide insight into the attitudes and methods of johns. This qualitative study utilizes a sample of posts from active Web forums for johns in 10 U.S. cities. …
Subcultural Evolution? Examining the Influence of on- And Off-Line Experiences on Deviant Subcultures
Subcultural research gives significant insight into the ways individuals learn to approve of and justify involvement in crime and deviance. However, most research examines subcultures in either cyberspace or real-world social situations. Few have considered how off-line and online experiences overlap and influence subcultural values and norms. This study addresses this issue by exploring the normative orders of computer hacker subculture with mul…
Examining the displacement practices of johns with on-line data
Examining the Applicability of Lifestyle-Routine Activities Theory for Cybercrime Victimization
A great deal of criminological research has attempted to understand and identify the causes of victimization using the lifestyle-routine activities theory. Recent researchers have argued that the lifestyle-routine activities theory may be able to explain the increasingly significant phenomenon of computer and cybercrime. This claim has been contested by Yar (Citation2005), however, who argues that routine activities theory is limited in explainin…
Examining the Role of Technology in the Formation of Deviant Subcultures
This article examines the development of technology-focused deviant subcultures. The adoption of new technologies cause shifts in human behavior patterns, and a small body of research has considered the ways that criminals adjust their offending practices due to new technology. Few have, however, explored the ways that technology produces new forms of crime and deviance. This study addresses this gap in the literature by examining the argot of th…
Examining the Virtual Subculture of Johns
The growth of the Internet and computer-mediated communications has enabled the formation of a variety of deviant subcultures online, particularly among sexual deviants.This qualitative study examines the subculture of the male heterosexual clients of sex workers by exploring their argot. Using a sample of posts from Web forums in ten U.S. cities, this study identifies three subcultural norms that structure beliefs and attitudes about sex work am…
Social Learning and Cyber-Deviance
Akers’ social learning theory is one of the most recognized criminological theories because of its comprehensiveness and strong empirical support. Recent research that has applied social learning theory to account for the problem of cybercrime and deviance has provided only partial examinations of the social learning process and gives little insight into the Social Structure and Social Learning (SSSL) model. This study uses structural equation mo…
Exploring stolen data markets online
The threat of hackers and data thieves has increased, though few have considered the ways they dispose of the information obtained through computer attacks. This exploratory study examines the nature of the market for stolen data using a qualitative analysis of 300 threads from six web forums run by and for data thieves. The results suggest that all manner of personal and financial data can be obtained through these markets at a fraction of their…
Exploring Strategies for Qualitative Criminological and Criminal Justice Inquiry Using On‐Line Data
(2010). Exploring Strategies for Qualitative Criminological and Criminal Justice Inquiry Using On‐Line Data. Journal of Criminal Justice Education: Vol. 21, Qualitative Methods in Criminology and Criminal Justice, pp. 466-487
The effect of self-control on victimization in the cyberworld
Transferring Subcultural Knowledge On-Line
Criminal subcultures form around deviant behaviors as a consequence of persistent interactions with like-minded others who facilitate the transmission of norms, values, and belief. Although researchers have explored social interactions in the real world, few have considered how learning occurs through virtual interactions. We address the role of on-line interactions in spreading subcultural knowledge by interviewing 34 persistent digital pirates …
Low Self-Control, Deviant Peer Associations, and Juvenile Cyberdeviance
Examining the Forces Shaping Cybercrime Markets Online
Malicious software is increasingly used by hackers and attackers in order to acquire sensitive information and compromise various systems. The sophistication of these tools has increased to such a point that individuals now sell various programs and services through electronic markets where data can be bought and sold. There is, however, minimal research examining the social dynamics that structure the relationships between buyers and sellers and…
Exploring the Intersections of Technology, Crime, and Terror
The Internet and computer-mediated communications (CMCs) have drastically changed the way that individuals communicate and share information across the globe. Over the last two decades, financial institutions, private industry, and governments have come to rely on technology in order to access sensitive data and manage critical infrastructure, such as electrical power grids. As a consequence, the threat posed by cybercriminals has increased drama…
Predicting Online Harassment Victimization Among a Juvenile Population
Online harassment can consist of threatening, worrisome, emotionally hurtful, or sexual messages delivered via an electronic medium that can lead victims to feel fear or distress much like real-world harassment and stalking. This activity is especially prevalent among middle and high school populations who frequently use technology as a means to communicate with others. Little is known, however, whether factors linked to computer crime victimizat…
Examining Risks and Protective Factors of On-Line Identity Theft
Identity-based crimes are considered to be one of the most significant and growing problems of the last 20 years due to the significant economic harm these offenses pose for victims. The increased use and availability of personal information through on-line outlets has significantly increased the risk of identity-based fraud, although few have considered the factors that affect the likelihood of this type of victimization. This study utilizes a s…
Exploring the social organisation and structure of stolen data markets
As consumers are increasingly using the Internet to manage their finances, there has been a concomitant increase in the risk of theft and fraud by cybercriminals. Hackers who acquire sensitive consumer data utilise information on their own, or sell the information in online forums for a significant profit. Few have considered the organisational composition of the participants engaged in the sale of stolen data, including the presence of manageria…
Bullying victimization and adolescent mental health
The Impact of Self Control and Neighborhood Disorder on Bullying Victimization
Exploring Resiliency Within Schools
Although research has explored the effects of protective factors on fostering resiliency within individuals, the same level of inquiry has not emerged investigating the causes of why high-risk organizations are resilient to serious violent delinquency. One type of organization that seems particular appropriate for research inquiry is the school. Using a sample of 307 school principals from the School Survey on Crime and Safety, this study investi…
An Assessment of the Current State of Cybercrime Scholarship
Computers and the Internet have become a vital part of modern life across the world, affecting communications, finance, and governance. At the same time, technology has created unparalleled opportunities for crime and deviance on- and off-line. Criminological research has expanded its focus over the last two decades to address the various forms of technology-enabled crime and the applicability of traditional theories to account for offending. The…
Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies (77 obras) · Computer Science (73 obras) · Psychology (54 obras) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (53 obras) · Political science (52 obras) · Computer security (50 obras) · Criminology (46 obras) · Law (46 obras) · The Internet (45 obras) · Sociology (40 obras)