Jeffrey Michael Clair
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 203606 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Jeffrey Michael Clair |
| PRENOMES | Jeffrey Michael |
| SOBRENOME | Clair |
| ASSINATURA | CLAIR J M |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Alabama at Birmingham |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 22 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 86 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 22 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1986 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2017 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Health and Religion
Concepts of health and illness in human society originated from traditional religious views about life and death. Even in the twenty‐first century, where the influence of religion has diminished, it remains a key social structure in western society. Religion not only shapes the interpretation of health events, but also individual health behaviors and the social support available to individuals during negative life events. Contemporary studies sho…
Social Theory and Sport
Although sociologists have examined the institution of sport in relation to other social institutions and analyzed inequality in sport empirically, theoretical work in the field of the sociology of sport is limited. Examples of theoretical contributions include utilizing Bourdieu's perspective to discuss sport within a framework that takes into account history, social class, and prevailing economic systems. Sociologists have also applied feminist…
Health and Medicine
Sociologists have had a long interest in health and medicine. Unlike other medical researchers, medical sociologists emphasize variation in social conditions and cultural attitudes to explain differences in health and medical care across societies. Research in medical sociology has helped develop meaningful ways of thinking about the complex social linkages between health and medicine, but many questions endure. This entry outlines the history of…
Qualitative Methods
The tension between qualitative and quantitative methods is at the heart of much discourse about the state and direction of the discipline of sociology. Qualitative methodology refers to ways of conducting sociological inquiry using empirical practices such as observation and interview. Qualitative researchers typically use in‐depth interviews or participant observation in order to get a detailed picture of the populations they are investigating.…
The insufficiency of fairness
This paper reports on discursive justifications of homeless service institutions in the USA, illustrating a conceptualization of service founded on economic logics of industry and the marketplace. Emerging from ethnographic data, we found that homeless service administrators utilized economic logics of justification to legitimize the exclusion of the street homeless by framing delivery within western notions of fair exchange and efficient product…
The 'Homeless Problem' and the Double Consciousness
The purpose of this article was to identify manifestations of a social discourse that construct those who are homeless as an existential problem. Based on 4 years of ethnographic data and grounded theory analysis, we illustrate the nature of exclusionary social practices that emerge from discourse on the 'homeless problem' as well as the conflicting identities experienced by those who are homeless. Herein we frame the data using DuBois concept of…
The Medicalization of Homelessness and the Sociology of the Self
The purpose of this chapter is to illustrate the centrality of the tabula rasa concept of self for the medical model of homeless service provision. Using four years of ethnographic data analyzed with a grounded fractal methodology, we illustrate the logical interconnections between the particular phenomena of homeless service institutions and broad cultural contexts. While social science has been somewhat critical of the medicalization of homeles…
Housing Patterns of Homeless People
In this article, the authors examine the political and economic community dynamics of the street homeless as well as other groups involved in conflicts regarding the process of urban renewal. Since postwar suburban flight, homeless people have lived largely in the shadows of vacated city centers. But "not-in-my-backyard" (NIMBY) battles over the homeless have become increasingly common, especially as the influx of comfortably housed residents bri…
Problematics of grounded theory
Our purpose in this article is to identify and suggest resolution for two core problematics of grounded theory. First, while grounded theory provides transparency to one part of the conceptualization process, where codes emerge directly from the data, it provides no such systematic or transparent way for gaining insight into the conceptual relationships between discovered codes. Producing a grounded theory depends not only on the definition of co…
Health and Religion
Concepts of health and illness in human society originated from traditional religious views about life and death. One of the first sociologists to study religion was Émile Durkheim, who found that distinctions between ideas about the sacred and profane were connected to notions of health and illness. Religious views of the sacred body, for example, were equated with health. When someone became ill, it was not because of hygiene, but because of a …
Health and Medicine
Medical sociologists embrace a range of sociological concerns indigenous to the human condition – cultural, symbolic, personal, social, ecological, and biological. Medical sociology research can help us develop meaningful ways of thinking about the linkages between health and medicine, which involve a multitude of social factors. Health, medicine, and personhood dynamically interact through patient care. But despite this common insight, there is …
Qualitative Methods
Methodological debates in sociology are longstanding and pervasive. The tension between qualitative and quantitative methods is at the heart of much discourse about the state and direction of the discipline (see Blumer 1956; Denzin & Lincoln 2003, Hesse‐Biber & Leavy 2006; Karp 1999). This article (1) provides a definition and explanation of qualitative methods; (2) elucidates its contrast with quantitative methods; (3) explains underlying episte…
Social Theory and Sport
Despite acknowledgments of sport as a legitimate focus of sociological analysis from early thinkers such as Spencer, Simmel, Weber, Scheler, and Mead (Luschen 1980), the lack of theoretical development in sport studies has been well documented (Frey & Eitzen 1991), although there appears to be increased movement toward the generation and integration of more theoretically driven work
Developing, integrating, and perpetuating new ways of applying sociology to health, medicine, policy, and everyday life
Racial Differences in Attitudes toward Euthanasia
This article examines racial differences in attitudes toward euthanasia. Many researchers assert distrust of medicine as a substantive explanation for less favorable attitudes toward euthanasia among African Americans, although quantitative measurement has been unsuccessful in showing this. In this article, spiritual meaning, perceived capacity for discrimination (distrust), individual experiences with physicians, and access to healthcare are hyp…
A Scale to Assess Attitudes toward Euthanasia
The topic of euthanasia has been a matter of public debate for several decades. Although empirical research should inform policy, scale measurement is lacking. After analyzing shortcomings of previous work, we offer a systematically designed scale to measure attitudes toward euthanasia. We attempt to encompass previously unspecified dimensions of the phenomenon that are central to the euthanasia debate. The results of our pretest show that our at…
How Physicians View Caregivers
The presence of caregivers in medical encounters changes the doctor-patient relationship. Although there is extensive literature on how caregivers affect medical encounters, there is little research on how physicians view such caregivers. We explore that issue by conducting structured, in-depth interviews with eighteen pediatricians and eighteen geriatricians. The interviews were recorded and transcribed, content analysis was performed, and conce…
The Impact of Psychosocial Resources on Caregiver Burden and Depression
This article uses a psychosocial resources model to examine the distress process for a sample of 110 primary caregivers of geriatric outpatients. Two versions of the psychosocial resources model are tested—the mediation/deterioration and buffering model. For both models, we assess the role of social support and internal locus of control (mastery) in reducing the negative impact that life stressors have on caregiver burden and depressive symptomat…
Laughter in the Clinic
While humor has been studied empirically in a wide variety of organizational settings, other than Coser's (1959) study of a private psychiatric hospital, its actual usage in medical locales has barely been addressed. This article extends Coser's analysis by examining humor as a central dimension of social organization in a university-based outpatient clinic. Using observational data gathered during a two-year period, we examine interactions betwe…
Never Enough Time
This article focuses on the management of time, a scarce resource. We report how medical residents in an outpatient clinic experience the time contingencies of their work setting, particularly, how they seek to control the work process. We analyze how residents learn about time management over the course of their residency and how they seek to control time when conducting examinations, dealing with other residents, and responding to their appoint…
Role-Taking Accuracy in Medical Encounters
This paper tests five hypotheses derived from two contrasting theoretical perspectives on role-taking accuracy: a social contact theory and an institutional resource theory. We investigate how well doctors and patients perceive one another's perspectives in a medical encounter. The cumulative weight of the data supports the proposed social contact theory. Increased contact between residents and patients, as reflected in physician's year in reside…
An experimental study of attitudes toward homosexuals
A major shortcoming of research on homophobic attitude change has been methodological deficiencies. This report presents details of an experimental design, along with results. A Solomon Four‐Group Experimental Design (SFGD) was employed for the study. Ninety‐two volunteer college students at a Mid‐Atlantic university were randomly assigned to four groups, two of which represented the classic experimental design (with pre‐test and post‐test for bo…
An experimental study of attitudes toward homosexuals
A major shortcoming of research on homophobic attitude change has been methodological deficiencies. This report presents details of an experimental design, along with results. A Solomon Four‐Group Experimental Design (SFGD) was employed for the study. Ninety‐two volunteer college students at a Mid‐Atlantic university were randomly assigned to four groups, two of which represented the classic experimental design (with pre‐test and post‐test for bo…
Developing, integrating, and perpetuating new ways of applying sociology to health, medicine, policy, and everyday life
Housing Patterns of Homeless People
In this article, the authors examine the political and economic community dynamics of the street homeless as well as other groups involved in conflicts regarding the process of urban renewal. Since postwar suburban flight, homeless people have lived largely in the shadows of vacated city centers. But "not-in-my-backyard" (NIMBY) battles over the homeless have become increasingly common, especially as the influx of comfortably housed residents bri…
Problematics of grounded theory
Our purpose in this article is to identify and suggest resolution for two core problematics of grounded theory. First, while grounded theory provides transparency to one part of the conceptualization process, where codes emerge directly from the data, it provides no such systematic or transparent way for gaining insight into the conceptual relationships between discovered codes. Producing a grounded theory depends not only on the definition of co…
Laughter in the Clinic
While humor has been studied empirically in a wide variety of organizational settings, other than Coser's (1959) study of a private psychiatric hospital, its actual usage in medical locales has barely been addressed. This article extends Coser's analysis by examining humor as a central dimension of social organization in a university-based outpatient clinic. Using observational data gathered during a two-year period, we examine interactions betwe…
Never Enough Time
This article focuses on the management of time, a scarce resource. We report how medical residents in an outpatient clinic experience the time contingencies of their work setting, particularly, how they seek to control the work process. We analyze how residents learn about time management over the course of their residency and how they seek to control time when conducting examinations, dealing with other residents, and responding to their appoint…
The insufficiency of fairness
This paper reports on discursive justifications of homeless service institutions in the USA, illustrating a conceptualization of service founded on economic logics of industry and the marketplace. Emerging from ethnographic data, we found that homeless service administrators utilized economic logics of justification to legitimize the exclusion of the street homeless by framing delivery within western notions of fair exchange and efficient product…
The 'Homeless Problem' and the Double Consciousness
The purpose of this article was to identify manifestations of a social discourse that construct those who are homeless as an existential problem. Based on 4 years of ethnographic data and grounded theory analysis, we illustrate the nature of exclusionary social practices that emerge from discourse on the 'homeless problem' as well as the conflicting identities experienced by those who are homeless. Herein we frame the data using DuBois concept of…
The Impact of Psychosocial Resources on Caregiver Burden and Depression
This article uses a psychosocial resources model to examine the distress process for a sample of 110 primary caregivers of geriatric outpatients. Two versions of the psychosocial resources model are tested—the mediation/deterioration and buffering model. For both models, we assess the role of social support and internal locus of control (mastery) in reducing the negative impact that life stressors have on caregiver burden and depressive symptomat…
Role-Taking Accuracy in Medical Encounters
This paper tests five hypotheses derived from two contrasting theoretical perspectives on role-taking accuracy: a social contact theory and an institutional resource theory. We investigate how well doctors and patients perceive one another's perspectives in a medical encounter. The cumulative weight of the data supports the proposed social contact theory. Increased contact between residents and patients, as reflected in physician's year in reside…
An experimental study of attitudes toward homosexuals
A major shortcoming of research on homophobic attitude change has been methodological deficiencies. This report presents details of an experimental design, along with results. A Solomon Four‐Group Experimental Design (SFGD) was employed for the study. Ninety‐two volunteer college students at a Mid‐Atlantic university were randomly assigned to four groups, two of which represented the classic experimental design (with pre‐test and post‐test for bo…
Role-Taking Accuracy in Medical Encounters
This paper tests five hypotheses derived from two contrasting theoretical perspectives on role-taking accuracy: a social contact theory and an institutional resource theory. We investigate how well doctors and patients perceive one another's perspectives in a medical encounter. The cumulative weight of the data supports the proposed social contact theory. Increased contact between residents and patients, as reflected in physician's year in reside…
Never Enough Time
This article focuses on the management of time, a scarce resource. We report how medical residents in an outpatient clinic experience the time contingencies of their work setting, particularly, how they seek to control the work process. We analyze how residents learn about time management over the course of their residency and how they seek to control time when conducting examinations, dealing with other residents, and responding to their appoint…
The Impact of Psychosocial Resources on Caregiver Burden and Depression
This article uses a psychosocial resources model to examine the distress process for a sample of 110 primary caregivers of geriatric outpatients. Two versions of the psychosocial resources model are tested—the mediation/deterioration and buffering model. For both models, we assess the role of social support and internal locus of control (mastery) in reducing the negative impact that life stressors have on caregiver burden and depressive symptomat…
Laughter in the Clinic
While humor has been studied empirically in a wide variety of organizational settings, other than Coser's (1959) study of a private psychiatric hospital, its actual usage in medical locales has barely been addressed. This article extends Coser's analysis by examining humor as a central dimension of social organization in a university-based outpatient clinic. Using observational data gathered during a two-year period, we examine interactions betwe…
How Physicians View Caregivers
The presence of caregivers in medical encounters changes the doctor-patient relationship. Although there is extensive literature on how caregivers affect medical encounters, there is little research on how physicians view such caregivers. We explore that issue by conducting structured, in-depth interviews with eighteen pediatricians and eighteen geriatricians. The interviews were recorded and transcribed, content analysis was performed, and conce…
A Scale to Assess Attitudes toward Euthanasia
The topic of euthanasia has been a matter of public debate for several decades. Although empirical research should inform policy, scale measurement is lacking. After analyzing shortcomings of previous work, we offer a systematically designed scale to measure attitudes toward euthanasia. We attempt to encompass previously unspecified dimensions of the phenomenon that are central to the euthanasia debate. The results of our pretest show that our at…
Racial Differences in Attitudes toward Euthanasia
This article examines racial differences in attitudes toward euthanasia. Many researchers assert distrust of medicine as a substantive explanation for less favorable attitudes toward euthanasia among African Americans, although quantitative measurement has been unsuccessful in showing this. In this article, spiritual meaning, perceived capacity for discrimination (distrust), individual experiences with physicians, and access to healthcare are hyp…
Health and Religion
Concepts of health and illness in human society originated from traditional religious views about life and death. One of the first sociologists to study religion was Émile Durkheim, who found that distinctions between ideas about the sacred and profane were connected to notions of health and illness. Religious views of the sacred body, for example, were equated with health. When someone became ill, it was not because of hygiene, but because of a …
Health and Medicine
Medical sociologists embrace a range of sociological concerns indigenous to the human condition – cultural, symbolic, personal, social, ecological, and biological. Medical sociology research can help us develop meaningful ways of thinking about the linkages between health and medicine, which involve a multitude of social factors. Health, medicine, and personhood dynamically interact through patient care. But despite this common insight, there is …
Qualitative Methods
Methodological debates in sociology are longstanding and pervasive. The tension between qualitative and quantitative methods is at the heart of much discourse about the state and direction of the discipline (see Blumer 1956; Denzin & Lincoln 2003, Hesse‐Biber & Leavy 2006; Karp 1999). This article (1) provides a definition and explanation of qualitative methods; (2) elucidates its contrast with quantitative methods; (3) explains underlying episte…
Social Theory and Sport
Despite acknowledgments of sport as a legitimate focus of sociological analysis from early thinkers such as Spencer, Simmel, Weber, Scheler, and Mead (Luschen 1980), the lack of theoretical development in sport studies has been well documented (Frey & Eitzen 1991), although there appears to be increased movement toward the generation and integration of more theoretically driven work
Developing, integrating, and perpetuating new ways of applying sociology to health, medicine, policy, and everyday life
Problematics of grounded theory
Our purpose in this article is to identify and suggest resolution for two core problematics of grounded theory. First, while grounded theory provides transparency to one part of the conceptualization process, where codes emerge directly from the data, it provides no such systematic or transparent way for gaining insight into the conceptual relationships between discovered codes. Producing a grounded theory depends not only on the definition of co…
The Medicalization of Homelessness and the Sociology of the Self
The purpose of this chapter is to illustrate the centrality of the tabula rasa concept of self for the medical model of homeless service provision. Using four years of ethnographic data analyzed with a grounded fractal methodology, we illustrate the logical interconnections between the particular phenomena of homeless service institutions and broad cultural contexts. While social science has been somewhat critical of the medicalization of homeles…
Housing Patterns of Homeless People
In this article, the authors examine the political and economic community dynamics of the street homeless as well as other groups involved in conflicts regarding the process of urban renewal. Since postwar suburban flight, homeless people have lived largely in the shadows of vacated city centers. But "not-in-my-backyard" (NIMBY) battles over the homeless have become increasingly common, especially as the influx of comfortably housed residents bri…
The insufficiency of fairness
This paper reports on discursive justifications of homeless service institutions in the USA, illustrating a conceptualization of service founded on economic logics of industry and the marketplace. Emerging from ethnographic data, we found that homeless service administrators utilized economic logics of justification to legitimize the exclusion of the street homeless by framing delivery within western notions of fair exchange and efficient product…
The 'Homeless Problem' and the Double Consciousness
The purpose of this article was to identify manifestations of a social discourse that construct those who are homeless as an existential problem. Based on 4 years of ethnographic data and grounded theory analysis, we illustrate the nature of exclusionary social practices that emerge from discourse on the 'homeless problem' as well as the conflicting identities experienced by those who are homeless. Herein we frame the data using DuBois concept of…
Qualitative Methods
The tension between qualitative and quantitative methods is at the heart of much discourse about the state and direction of the discipline of sociology. Qualitative methodology refers to ways of conducting sociological inquiry using empirical practices such as observation and interview. Qualitative researchers typically use in‐depth interviews or participant observation in order to get a detailed picture of the populations they are investigating.…
Health and Religion
Concepts of health and illness in human society originated from traditional religious views about life and death. Even in the twenty‐first century, where the influence of religion has diminished, it remains a key social structure in western society. Religion not only shapes the interpretation of health events, but also individual health behaviors and the social support available to individuals during negative life events. Contemporary studies sho…
Social Theory and Sport
Although sociologists have examined the institution of sport in relation to other social institutions and analyzed inequality in sport empirically, theoretical work in the field of the sociology of sport is limited. Examples of theoretical contributions include utilizing Bourdieu's perspective to discuss sport within a framework that takes into account history, social class, and prevailing economic systems. Sociologists have also applied feminist…
Health and Medicine
Sociologists have had a long interest in health and medicine. Unlike other medical researchers, medical sociologists emphasize variation in social conditions and cultural attitudes to explain differences in health and medical care across societies. Research in medical sociology has helped develop meaningful ways of thinking about the complex social linkages between health and medicine, but many questions endure. This entry outlines the history of…
Sociology (18 obras) · Psychology (13 obras) · Political science (10 obras) · Social science (10 obras) · Epistemology (9 obras) · Social Psychology (8 obras) · Law (7 obras) · Law (7 obras) · Medicine (7 obras) · Social Psychology (6 obras)