Stephen E Gilman
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 207011 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Stephen E Gilman |
| PRENOMES | Stephen E |
| SOBRENOME | Gilman |
| ASSINATURA | GILMAN S E |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Harvard University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8331-6419 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 42 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 178 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 42 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1957 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2023 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
Children's cognitive performance and suicide risk through middle adulthood
BACKGROUND: Longitudinal studies show that lower cognitive performance in adolescence and early adulthood is associated with higher risk of suicide death throughout adulthood. However, it is unclear whether this cognitive vulnerability originates earlier in childhood since studies conducted in children are scarce and have inconsistent results. METHODS: Vital status of 49,853 individuals born between 1959 and 1966 to participants in the Collaborat…
Uncertainty in Developmental Origins of Health and Disease research
Nomura et al. ( Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 2023) reported that children whose mothers were pregnant when Superstorm Sandy struck the Eastern Seaboard of the United States had elevated risk of psychopathology. Their study leverages data from a unique cohort of children established prior to Sandy that enabled researchers to investigate children's mental health depending on their prenatal exposure to the storm. Their findings add t…
Peer victimisation and depression among gender conforming and non-conforming Thai adolescents
Like most low- and middle-income countries, Thailand is facing an increasing burden of depressive disorders among adolescents, but research and services for them are largely neglected. This study explored the association between types of peer victimisation, gender non-conformity, health risk behaviours, and depressive symptoms among Thai students aged 13-18 years. Overall, prevalence of depressive symptoms was 14.7% (95% CI: 12.6-15.6), 12.2% (95…
Neighbourhood disadvantage and depressive symptoms among adolescents followed into emerging adulthood
BACKGROUND: Residents of disadvantaged neighbourhoods report higher levels of depressive symptoms; however, few studies have employed prospective designs during adolescence, when depression tends to emerge. We examined associations of neighbourhood social fragmentation, income inequality and median household income with depressive symptoms in a nationally representative survey of adolescents. METHODS: The NEXT Generation Health Study enrolled 10t…
Life Course Approaches to the Causes of Health Disparities
Reducing health disparities requires an understanding of the mechanisms that generate disparities. Life course approaches to health disparities leverage theories that explain how socially patterned physical, environmental, and socioeconomic exposures at different stages of human development shape health within and across generations and can therefore offer substantial insight into the etiology of health disparities. Life course approaches are inf…
Longitudinal associations of neighborhood socioeconomic status with cardiovascular risk factors
Neurological soft signs and cognitive performance in early childhood
Neurological soft signs (NSSs), minor neurological abnormalities, have been implicated as risk factors for poor cognitive performance in small-scale studies. Here we investigate the associations between NSSs and multiple domains of cognitive performance in a large, population-based cohort and evaluate sex differences in these associations. We analyzed data from 35,710 seven-year-old children in the Collaborative Perinatal Project to study the ass…
The role of literacy in the association between educational attainment and depressive symptoms
There is a consistent association between education and depressive symptoms, but research on the mechanisms to explain this association remains limited. No study has formally evaluated the extent to which the association between education and depressive symptoms is mediated through a foundational skill such as literacy. Inverse odds ratio weighting (IORW) was used to estimate total, natural direct, and natural indirect effects in examining litera…
Epigenetic Mediators Between Childhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Mid-Life Body Mass Index
OBJECTIVE: Childhood socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with adulthood obesity risk; however, epigenetic mechanisms are poorly understood. This work's objective was to evaluate whether associations of childhood socioeconomic disadvantage with adulthood body mass index (BMI) are mediated by DNA methylation. METHODS: Participants were 141 men and women from the New England Family Study, prospectively followed prenatally through a mean age of …
Needs of Patients with Schizophrenia Among an Ethnic Minority Group in Latin America
Associations of Mindfulness with Glucose Regulation and Diabetes
Dispositional mindfulness may be associated with better glucose regulation, in part because of a lower likelihood of obesity and greater sense of control among participants with higher levels of mindfulness. These findings need to be replicated by prospective studies to establish causality and to evaluate potential implications for mindfulness-based interventions to reduce risk of type 2 diabetes
Early childhood social disadvantage is associated with poor health behaviours in adulthood
These findings suggest childhood social disadvantage may contribute to adult cardiometabolic disease by predisposing children to adopt certain unhealthy behaviours. If replicated, such findings may support intervention strategies that target social environmental factors and behavioural pathways that are established early in life
Income inequality within urban settings and depressive symptoms among adolescents
BACKGROUND: Although recent evidence has shown that area-level income inequality is related to increased risk for depression among adults, few studies have tested this association among adolescents. METHODS: We analysed the cross-sectional data from a sample of 1878 adolescents living in 38 neighbourhoods participating in the 2008 Boston Youth Survey. Using multilevel linear regression modelling, we: (1) estimated the association between neighbou…
Beliefs about the causes of schizophrenia among Aymara and non-Aymara patients and their primary caregivers in the Central–Southern Andes
AIM: The aim of this study is to investigate differences in the beliefs about the causes of schizophrenia between Aymara and non-Aymara patients with schizophrenia and their primary caregivers. Ethnic background plays an important role in the formation of beliefs regarding the causes of schizophrenia, and there have been no prior studies on such beliefs among the Aymara, an indigenous community with a population of about 2 million people living i…
Subjective perceptions of cognitive deficits and their influences on quality of life among patients with schizophrenia
Income inequality among American states and the incidence of major depression
BACKGROUND: Although cross-sectional and ecological studies have shown that higher area-level income inequality is related to increased risk for depression, few longitudinal studies have been conducted. This investigation examines the relationship between state-level income inequality and major depression among adults participating in a population-based, representative longitudinal study. METHODS: We used data from the National Epidemiologic Surv…
Another casualty of sibling fixed-effects analysis of education and health
Sheepskin effects of education in the 10-year Framingham risk of coronary heart disease
The successes and challenges of life course epidemiology
Race/ethnic differences in exposure to traumatic events, development of post-traumatic stress disorder, and treatment-seeking for post-traumatic stress disorder in the United States
Background To identify sources of race/ethnic differences related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), we compared trauma exposure, risk for PTSD among those exposed to trauma, and treatment-seeking among Whites, Blacks, Hispanics and Asians in the US general population. Method Data from structured diagnostic interviews with 34 653 adult respondents to the 2004–2005 wave of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions …
Emotional Functioning at Age 7 Years is Associated With C-Reactive Protein in Middle Adulthood
OBJECTIVE: Few have considered whether and how child emotional functioning is associated with inflammation later in life. Therefore, we evaluated whether child emotional functioning at age 7 years is associated with C-reactive protein (CRP), an indicator of systemic inflammation, in middle adulthood. METHODS: We studied adult offspring (mean age 42.2 years) of participants in the National Collaborative Perinatal Project, a national cohort of preg…
O2-4.3 Education and coronary heart disease risk
Introduction Education is inversely associated with risk for coronary heart disease (CHD), however the contributions of potential explanatory mechanisms including health literacy, time preference and self-efficacy are poorly understood. Objectives were to evaluate whether infrequently measured covariates (health literacy, time preference, self-efficacy) are important explanatory mechanisms for associations between education and CHD risk. Methods …
Sex, stressful life events, and adult onset depression and alcohol dependence
Childhood adversity, adult stressful life events, and risk of past-year psychiatric disorder
Background Childhood adversity (CA) is associated with adult mental disorders, but the mechanisms underlying this association remain inadequately understood. Stress sensitization, whereby CA increases vulnerability to mental disorders following adult stressful life events, has been proposed as a potential mechanism. We provide a test of the stress sensitization hypothesis in a national sample. Method We investigated whether the association betwee…
Sierra Leone’s Former Child Soldiers
This is the first prospective study to investigate psychosocial adjustment in male and female former child soldiers (ages 10–18; n = 156, 12% female). The study began in Sierra Leone in 2002 and was designed to examine both risk and protective factors in psychosocial adjustment. Over the 2-year period of follow-up, youth who had wounded or killed others during the war demonstrated increases in hostility. Youth who survived rape not only had highe…
Past horrors, present struggles
Life Course Approaches to the Causes of Health Disparities
Reducing health disparities requires an understanding of the mechanisms that generate disparities. Life course approaches to health disparities leverage theories that explain how socially patterned physical, environmental, and socioeconomic exposures at different stages of human development shape health within and across generations and can therefore offer substantial insight into the etiology of health disparities. Life course approaches are inf…
Socioeconomic status over the life course and stages of cigarette use
Study objective: To investigate the association between multiple indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) over the life course and three stages of cigarette use: initiation, regular use, and cessation. Design: Prospective birth cohort study. Setting: Providence, Rhode Island. Participants: Subjects (n=657) aged 30 to 39 were offspring of participants in the Brown University cohort of the United States National Collaborative Perinatal Project star…
Sex, stressful life events, and adult onset depression and alcohol dependence
Income inequality among American states and the incidence of major depression
BACKGROUND: Although cross-sectional and ecological studies have shown that higher area-level income inequality is related to increased risk for depression, few longitudinal studies have been conducted. This investigation examines the relationship between state-level income inequality and major depression among adults participating in a population-based, representative longitudinal study. METHODS: We used data from the National Epidemiologic Surv…
Sheepskin effects of education in the 10-year Framingham risk of coronary heart disease
Education and race-ethnicity differences in the lifetime risk of alcohol dependence
OBJECTIVES: While lower socioeconomic status (SES) is related to higher risk for alcohol dependence, minority race-ethnicity is often associated with lower risk. This study attempts to clarify the nature and extent of social inequalities in alcohol dependence by investigating the effects of SES and race-ethnicity on the development of alcohol dependence following first alcohol use. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of data from the National Epidem…
Income inequality within urban settings and depressive symptoms among adolescents
BACKGROUND: Although recent evidence has shown that area-level income inequality is related to increased risk for depression among adults, few studies have tested this association among adolescents. METHODS: We analysed the cross-sectional data from a sample of 1878 adolescents living in 38 neighbourhoods participating in the 2008 Boston Youth Survey. Using multilevel linear regression modelling, we: (1) estimated the association between neighbou…
Longitudinal associations of neighborhood socioeconomic status with cardiovascular risk factors
Another casualty of sibling fixed-effects analysis of education and health
Youth health-risk behavior assessment in Fiji
Although test-retest reliability of responses within this country-specific version of GSHS content was substantial in several topical domains for this ethnic Fijian sample, only fair reliability for the module assessing dietary behaviors and other individual items suggests that population-specific psychometric evaluation is essential to interpreting language and country-specific GSHS data
Social Factors, Psychopathology, and Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy
We investigated the relative importance of sociodemographic factors and psychiatric disorders for smoking among 453 pregnant women in the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Women with less than a high school education and those with current-year nicotine dependence had the highest risk of smoking (90.5%), compared with women with a college degree and without nicotine dependence (3.9%). More effective and accessible…
Neighbourhood disadvantage and depressive symptoms among adolescents followed into emerging adulthood
BACKGROUND: Residents of disadvantaged neighbourhoods report higher levels of depressive symptoms; however, few studies have employed prospective designs during adolescence, when depression tends to emerge. We examined associations of neighbourhood social fragmentation, income inequality and median household income with depressive symptoms in a nationally representative survey of adolescents. METHODS: The NEXT Generation Health Study enrolled 10t…
Development of a Measure of "Acculturation" for Ethnic Fijians
Acculturation has been examined as a risk factor for eating disorders, but interpretation of findings has been limited by inconsistent operationalization of this construct across studies. The study aim was to develop and evaluate a population-specific measure of acculturation for ethnic Fijian adolescent schoolgirls, to use in future analyses related to eating disorders. Our findings suggest that acculturation is a multidimensional construct char…
A Rejoinder to Leo Spitzer
The Spain of Fernando de Rojas
The Spain of Fernando de Rojas
Americo Castro and the Meaning of Spanish Civilization
The Novel according to Cervantes
Initiation of and Adherence to Treatment for Mental Disorders
Successful initiation and adherence to mental health treatments depend critically on patients' knowledge and awareness, clinicians' communication skills, treatment side effects, and barriers such as lack of insurance. Further study and intervention focused on these modifiable factors are needed to improve the adequacy of mental health treatment
Eating behaviours and attitudes following prolonged exposure to television among ethnic Fijian adolescent girls
BACKGROUND: There are no published studies evaluating the impact of introduction of television on disordered eating in media-naïve populations. AIMS: To assess the impact of novel, prolonged exposure to television on disordered eating attitudes and behaviours among ethnic Fijian adolescent girls. METHOD: A prospective, multi-wave cross-sectional design was used to compare two samples of Fijian schoolgirls before and after prolonged regional telev…
Socioeconomic status in childhood and the lifetime risk of major depression
BACKGROUND: Major depression occurs more frequently among people of lower socioeconomic status (SES) and among females. Although the focus of considerable investigation, the development of SES and sex differences in depression remains to be fully explained. In this study, we test the hypotheses that low childhood SES predicts an increased risk of adult depression and contributes to a higher risk of depression among females. METHODS: Participants …
Socio-economic status, family disruption and residential stability in childhood
Background. Childhood adversity significantly increases the risk of depression, but it is unclear whether this risk is most pronounced for depression occurring early in life. In the present study, we examine whether three aspects of childhood adversity – low socio-economic status (SES), family disruption, and residential instability – are related to increased risk of depression during specific stages of the life course. We also examine whether th…
Socioeconomic status over the life course and stages of cigarette use
Study objective: To investigate the association between multiple indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) over the life course and three stages of cigarette use: initiation, regular use, and cessation. Design: Prospective birth cohort study. Setting: Providence, Rhode Island. Participants: Subjects (n=657) aged 30 to 39 were offspring of participants in the Brown University cohort of the United States National Collaborative Perinatal Project star…
Education and race-ethnicity differences in the lifetime risk of alcohol dependence
OBJECTIVES: While lower socioeconomic status (SES) is related to higher risk for alcohol dependence, minority race-ethnicity is often associated with lower risk. This study attempts to clarify the nature and extent of social inequalities in alcohol dependence by investigating the effects of SES and race-ethnicity on the development of alcohol dependence following first alcohol use. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of data from the National Epidem…
Social Factors, Psychopathology, and Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy
We investigated the relative importance of sociodemographic factors and psychiatric disorders for smoking among 453 pregnant women in the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Women with less than a high school education and those with current-year nicotine dependence had the highest risk of smoking (90.5%), compared with women with a college degree and without nicotine dependence (3.9%). More effective and accessible…
Parental Smoking and Adolescent Smoking Initiation
OBJECTIVE. Adolescence is an important period of risk for the development of lifelong smoking behaviors. Compelling, although inconsistent, evidence suggests a relationship between parental smoking and the risk of smoking initiation during adolescence. This study investigates unresolved issues concerning the strength and nature of the association between parent smoking and offspring smoking initiation. METHODS. We enrolled 564 adolescents aged 12…
Childhood adversity, adult stressful life events, and risk of past-year psychiatric disorder
Background Childhood adversity (CA) is associated with adult mental disorders, but the mechanisms underlying this association remain inadequately understood. Stress sensitization, whereby CA increases vulnerability to mental disorders following adult stressful life events, has been proposed as a potential mechanism. We provide a test of the stress sensitization hypothesis in a national sample. Method We investigated whether the association betwee…
Sierra Leone’s Former Child Soldiers
This is the first prospective study to investigate psychosocial adjustment in male and female former child soldiers (ages 10–18; n = 156, 12% female). The study began in Sierra Leone in 2002 and was designed to examine both risk and protective factors in psychosocial adjustment. Over the 2-year period of follow-up, youth who had wounded or killed others during the war demonstrated increases in hostility. Youth who survived rape not only had highe…
Witness of Intimate Partner Violence in Childhood and Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence in Adulthood
BACKGROUND: At least half a million women are victims of intimate partner violence in the United States annually, resulting in substantial harm. However, the etiology of violence to intimate partners is not well understood. Witnessing such violence in childhood has been proposed as a principal cause of adulthood perpetration, yet it remains unknown whether the association between witnessing intimate partner violence and adulthood perpetration is …
Youth health-risk behavior assessment in Fiji
Although test-retest reliability of responses within this country-specific version of GSHS content was substantial in several topical domains for this ethnic Fijian sample, only fair reliability for the module assessing dietary behaviors and other individual items suggests that population-specific psychometric evaluation is essential to interpreting language and country-specific GSHS data
Past horrors, present struggles
Development of a Measure of "Acculturation" for Ethnic Fijians
Acculturation has been examined as a risk factor for eating disorders, but interpretation of findings has been limited by inconsistent operationalization of this construct across studies. The study aim was to develop and evaluate a population-specific measure of acculturation for ethnic Fijian adolescent schoolgirls, to use in future analyses related to eating disorders. Our findings suggest that acculturation is a multidimensional construct char…
Race/ethnic differences in exposure to traumatic events, development of post-traumatic stress disorder, and treatment-seeking for post-traumatic stress disorder in the United States
Background To identify sources of race/ethnic differences related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), we compared trauma exposure, risk for PTSD among those exposed to trauma, and treatment-seeking among Whites, Blacks, Hispanics and Asians in the US general population. Method Data from structured diagnostic interviews with 34 653 adult respondents to the 2004–2005 wave of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions …
Emotional Functioning at Age 7 Years is Associated With C-Reactive Protein in Middle Adulthood
OBJECTIVE: Few have considered whether and how child emotional functioning is associated with inflammation later in life. Therefore, we evaluated whether child emotional functioning at age 7 years is associated with C-reactive protein (CRP), an indicator of systemic inflammation, in middle adulthood. METHODS: We studied adult offspring (mean age 42.2 years) of participants in the National Collaborative Perinatal Project, a national cohort of preg…
O2-4.3 Education and coronary heart disease risk
Introduction Education is inversely associated with risk for coronary heart disease (CHD), however the contributions of potential explanatory mechanisms including health literacy, time preference and self-efficacy are poorly understood. Objectives were to evaluate whether infrequently measured covariates (health literacy, time preference, self-efficacy) are important explanatory mechanisms for associations between education and CHD risk. Methods …
Sex, stressful life events, and adult onset depression and alcohol dependence
The successes and challenges of life course epidemiology
Sheepskin effects of education in the 10-year Framingham risk of coronary heart disease
Medicine (32 obras) · Psychology (27 obras) · Demography (23 obras) · Psychiatry (20 obras) · Clinical Psychology (19 obras) · Population (16 obras) · Environmental health (15 obras) · Health disparities and outcomes (14 obras) · Developmental psychology (13 obras) · Gerontology (10 obras)