Nils Christie
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 207892 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Nils Christie |
| PRENOMES | Nils |
| SOBRENOME | Christie |
| ASSINATURA | CHRISTIE N |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Oslo |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7152-5240 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 55 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 205 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 55 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1961 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Prospective acceptability, feasibility and outcomes of a primary school-led outdoor play intervention for young children
Outdoor play benefits children’s mental wellbeing, social and cognitive development and physical activity levels. However, children’s outdoor play and physical activity have declined in recent years and barriers exist within their physical and social environment. Forest Schools (FS) can encourage outdoor play through familiarisation with local green spaces, but suitable spaces are limited in dense urban areas. The Play in Urban Spaces for Health …
The effect of a School Street intervention on children’s active travel, satisfaction with their street, and perception of road safety
We saw very limited evidence that School Streets affected children's perceptions of feeling safe, liking their school road, identifying themselves as frequent active travellers; there was some evidence for reductions in self-reported active travel. A novel finding is the sense of solidarity and community cohesion that School Streets elicits. A greater understanding of the theory of change and how the intervention works in different areas and affe…
Exploring housing trajectories in later life and their links to demographic, socioeconomic and health characteristics
The current study adds understanding of relocation trajectories as younger-old adults approach later life. Future research should consider adopting a life course perspective and a longer follow-up period to examine housing histories within different cultural and temporal contexts
Exploring the Interactions between Housing and Neighbourhood Environments for Enhanced Child Wellbeing
Children's health can be affected by the interrelated characteristics of the physical and social environment where they live, including housing quality, neighbourhood characteristics and the local community. Following a systems-based approach, this exploratory project sought to understand how the needs and aspirations associated with the home environment can work in synergy with, or be exacerbated by, other aspects of the local area. The study re…
Using thematic analysis to explore symbolism in transport choice across national cultures
Gauging differences in public transport symbolism across national cultures
Automobility reconfigured? Ironic seductions and mundane freedoms in 16-21 year olds' accounts of car driving and ownership
In the light of the ‘peak-car’ thesis, this paper explores the driving-related desires and practices of adults aged 16–21 and their parents from the UK. Tropes of freedom and independence were commonly evoked; but were pragmatically framed by concerns of finance, utility and risk. Car ownership was prized only for instrumental reasons, and as one tool in a mixed, collective transport network: it had been decoupled from automobility. Environmental…
Pathways linking car transport for young adults and the public health in Northern Ireland
Key issues to consider in evaluating the broader public health impact of GDL will include: changes in injury rates for licensed car occupants and other populations and modes; changes in exposure to risk in the licensed and general population; and impact on transport exclusion. We suggest an important pathway will be change in social norms around offering and accepting lifts and to risk-taking. The growing adoption of in-car telematics will have i…
Efficiency and Decency
Societies of the Western type face two major problems: Wealth is everywhere unequally distributed. The crime control industry is suited for coping with both. This industry provides profit and work while at the same time producing control of those who otherwise might have disturbed the social process. Compared to most other industries, the crime control industry is in a most privileged position. There is no lack of raw-material; crime seems to be …
Justice Done, or Managed?
Jokes in The New Yorker are sometimes incomprehensible to Europeans. To most people in our time, and on both sides of the Atlantic, the image of Lady Justice is familiar and packed with meaning. In one hand she holds scales, of course of an old fashioned type, based on the principle of balance. In a very fundamental sense, such a village court would operate in close proximity to the villagers. Often all take part, all have relevant knowledge, and…
Crime Control as A Product
This chapter looks at the penal system as highly influenced by market conditions. Pain delivery is an activity of great economic importance for the providers. The chapter describes the pain-market in the way that market expresses itself in its specialized business journals – the publications for staff and entrepreneurs in the prison industry. It aims to develop three major themes which explain some of the growth in the system: the private push, t…
Modernity and Behaviour Control
The Holocaust becomes a natural out-growth of our type of society, not an exception to it. Extermination becomes a child of modernity, not a return to an earlier stage of barbarism. The conditions for the Holocaust are precisely those that have helped to create the industrial society: the division of labour, the modern bureaucracy, the rational spirit, the efficiency, the scientific mentality, and particularly the relegation of values from import…
The Eye of God
The unbroken line which hits the roof gives the number per 1,000 inhabitants of all cases of crime investigated by the police in Norway from 1956 to 1997. Crimes against people’s honour have gone down substantially – in absolute figures from 1,103 to 745. The extreme case is natural crime, acts so wrong that they virtually define themselves as crimes, or are at least regarded as crimes by all reasonable humans. With a living tradition from the pe…
The Russian Case
Vladimir Vysotskij gave words to the experience of millions of Russians. He grew up close to one of the central railway stations in Moscow, Rizjskij Vokzal. Among the poor in the inner cities of USA, the situation must be the same. In both nations, this is the breeding ground for another culture. For Vysotskij and his less famous equals in Russia. Vysotskij’s songs have the melancholy of Russia. When the great Russian singer – and poet, and human…
USA – The Trend-setter
The conventional explanation for the growth in prison rates is to see it as a reflection of the growth in crime. As early as 1831, Alexis de Tocqueville observed that the democratic spirit and struggle for equality he met during his travels in the USA at that time also had some potential problematic aspects. There are few countries so pleasant to visit as the USA. The warm atmosphere in many encounters, the care for new neighbours, the fascinatio…
Crime Control as Culture
Law as a humanistic discipline keeps contact with the deep human activities, and thereby with the common experience. With that anchorage, the judiciary is prepared to meet the unbelievable, and react instinctively, as if in the family circle at the dinner table. Law has been pushed in the direction of the first general class of institutions, that of production. Law is becoming an instrument of utility, removed from its proximity to the cultural i…
Penal Geography
This chapter aims to explore a visual picture of the use of imprisonment in Europe and America. The situation in the USA becomes even more accentuated. The USA is an extremely deviant case, surrounded as it is by Canada and Mexico, culturally and economically two vastly different countries, but both with prison populations below 130 per 100,000 inhabitants. Thought patterns and general theories are not impractical symbols in brains or books. The …
Why are There so Few Prisoners?
A sufficient number are there to leak into the system a fundamental doubt as to the productivity of more prisons, as well as some doubts about the usefulness of the trend in Europe in general and in the United States in particular. Identification makes general standards valid for all, and functions thereby as a prevention of more extreme measures. The uneasiness was because the arrangement was out of harmony with the stereotypes, both of prisoner…
Why are There so Many Prisoners?
“Empty hands” have been a problem since the earliest stages of industrialization. All those drifting around were seen as creating at least two types of troubles: one by their potential for unrest, the other through the dissonance between the enforced life-style of unemployment and the official morality of industriousness. The large-scale dealers from the middle- and upper-classes do exist, even in the prisons, but as rare exceptions. As the other…
Conflicting Values
Private police are dependent on having the public police available – as a last resource. But it decreases the authority of the private agency to have to turn to the public one. And it is a dangerous strategy. The efficiency of the private police is dependent on the belief held by the public that the ordinary police would give the private agency full support if asked to. While private prisons increase the capacity for incarceration, private police…
Modernity in Decisions
Most decisions on admissions are made on the basis of grades in high school. The grades are added up into one major figure. Some additional points may be included for various types of work experience. A conscientious and highly efficient secretary prepares it all and ranks the applicants. One reason why justice takes so long is that the courts are overburdened with work and poorly equipped to cope with it. In a decision the Supreme Court of the U…
Private needs, public responses
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the experiences of vulnerable people during flood events, impacts of changes in mobility on well-being and the extent to which frontline services, emergency planning officers and other service providers allocate resources for vulnerable members of the community to meet the challenges posed by floods. Design/methodology/approach – In-depth qualitative interviews carried out with 15 vulnerable resid…
Psychological morbidity and health-related quality of life after injury
Hospitalised injuries result in substantial reductions in HRQoL up to 12 months later. Depression and anxiety early in the recovery period are independently associated with lower HRQoL. Identifying and managing these problems, ensuring adequate pain control and facilitating social functioning are key elements in improving HRQoL post-injury
Crime Control as Industry
Crime Control As Industry, translated into many languages, is a modern classic of criminology and sociology. Nils Christie, one of the leading criminologists of his era, argues that crime control, rather than crime itself is the real danger for our future. Prison populations, especially in Russia and America, have grown at an increasingly rapid rate and show no signs of slowing. Christie argues that this vast and growing population is the equival…
La definición del comportamiento violento
Conflicts as Property
Journal Article CONFLICTS AS PROPERTY Get access NILS CHRISTIE NILS CHRISTIE *Professor of Criminology, University of Oslo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Criminology, Volume 17, Issue 1, January 1977, Pages 1–15, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a046783 Published: 01 January 1977
Crime Control as Industry
Crime Control As Industry, translated into many languages, is a modern classic of criminology and sociology. Nils Christie, one of the leading criminologists of his era, argues that crime control, rather than crime itself is the real danger for our future. Prison populations, especially in Russia and America, have grown at an increasingly rapid rate and show no signs of slowing. Christie argues that this vast and growing population is the equival…
Crime Control as Industry
This classic text argues that crime control, rather than crime itself is the real danger for our future. Since the second edition was published in 1994, prison populations , especially in Russia and America, have grown at an increasingly rapid rate. This third edition is published to take account of these changes and draw attention to the scale of an escalating problem. It contains completely new chapters - one on 'penal geography', the other on …
Four Blocks Against Insight
This paper takes as its point of departure the high level of triviality in much writing on crime and crime control. This is related to what is seen as an oversocialization within criminology, as within so many other fields of social science. Four barriers for understanding are discussed: lack of access to ourselves; oversocialization within the university system; the dangers of the eager state; and the effects of easily available files and archiv…
Children aged 9–14 living in disadvantaged areas in England
Victim movements at a crossroad
Victim movements are growing in most western countries. This is a natural consequence of modernity. Neighbourhoods are weakened, state control moves in and victims might feel they are left behind, forgotten in the legal process. Now they demand a new entrance. This is easy to understand, but difficult to absorb in a penal process. Victim power might be a strong driving force towards the punitive society. And may be it is bad also for victims. Civ…
Gauging differences in public transport symbolism across national cultures
Automobility reconfigured? Ironic seductions and mundane freedoms in 16-21 year olds' accounts of car driving and ownership
In the light of the ‘peak-car’ thesis, this paper explores the driving-related desires and practices of adults aged 16–21 and their parents from the UK. Tropes of freedom and independence were commonly evoked; but were pragmatically framed by concerns of finance, utility and risk. Car ownership was prized only for instrumental reasons, and as one tool in a mixed, collective transport network: it had been decoupled from automobility. Environmental…
Éléments de géographie pénale
Für eine Geographie des Strafwesens. Dieser kurze Essai zu einer Geographie des Strafwesens beschreibt die Zunahme des Inhaftierens in den verschiedenen Ländern der Erde und versucht darzulegen, inwieweit diese Neigung des Einsperrens einer bestimmten politischen und kulturellen Logik der Staaten entspricht
Temperance Boards and Interinstitutional Dilemmas
Temperance Boards and Interinstitutional Dilemmas: A Case Study of a Welfare Law* Nils Christie Nils Christie University of Oslo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar *I gratefully acknowledge innumerable contributions to this paper from professor, dr. jur. Johs. Andenaes, Cand. jur. Ragnar Hauge, at the Institute for Criminology and Criminal Law at the University of Oslo, and Amanuensis Arne Marthinsen, …
Law and Medicine
Some standard conflicts seem to appear again and again in the relationship between law and medicine. Lawyers are accused of showing undue concern for the past, for formalities, for retribution, and for deterrence, as well as having a basic lack of skill in the handling of human needs. Medical people are accused of disregarding law and the needs of society, and also of often overstepping individual rights in their eagerness as "good-doers." Imperi…
Aspects of Social Control in Welfare States
Scandinavian Criminology
Temperance Boards and Interinstitutional Dilemmas
Temperance Boards and Interinstitutional Dilemmas: A Case Study of a Welfare Law* Nils Christie Nils Christie University of Oslo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar *I gratefully acknowledge innumerable contributions to this paper from professor, dr. jur. Johs. Andenaes, Cand. jur. Ragnar Hauge, at the Institute for Criminology and Criminal Law at the University of Oslo, and Amanuensis Arne Marthinsen, …
The Scandinavian hangover
Scandinavian Studies in Criminology
Aspects of Social Control in Welfare States
Aspects of Social Control in Welfare States
Law and Medicine
Some standard conflicts seem to appear again and again in the relationship between law and medicine. Lawyers are accused of showing undue concern for the past, for formalities, for retribution, and for deterrence, as well as having a basic lack of skill in the handling of human needs. Medical people are accused of disregarding law and the needs of society, and also of often overstepping individual rights in their eagerness as "good-doers." Imperi…
Conflicts as Property
Journal Article CONFLICTS AS PROPERTY Get access NILS CHRISTIE NILS CHRISTIE *Professor of Criminology, University of Oslo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Criminology, Volume 17, Issue 1, January 1977, Pages 1–15, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a046783 Published: 01 January 1977
The Ideal Victim
It is often useful within the social sciences to rely on personal experiences, or at least take this as our point of departure. So, given the challenge to lecture on the topic “Society and the victim,” I started out with some reflections on my own past history. Had I ever been a victim, and if so, when and how? And I will ask you in this audience to engage in the same exercise. Have you ever been victims? When was that? Where was it? What charact…
Crime Control as Drama
First things first: let us establish some criteria for this critique. I will suggest five criteria, for what I would tentatively classify as great pieces for within the tradition of western art. To keep inside this tradition is clearly an ethnocentric limitation. A Hindu tradition might find other criteria useful. And even within a western tradition there is little agreement on criteria for evaluation of art. Some would deny the possibility of es…
Beyond Loneliness and Institutions
Madness and Social Representations
B. Luiselli, Storia culturale dei rapporti tra mondo romano e mondo germanico (Biblioteca di Helikon, nuova collana di testi e studi diretta da Antonio Mazzarino I). Rome
Four Blocks Against Insight
This paper takes as its point of departure the high level of triviality in much writing on crime and crime control. This is related to what is seen as an oversocialization within criminology, as within so many other fields of social science. Four barriers for understanding are discussed: lack of access to ourselves; oversocialization within the university system; the dangers of the eager state; and the effects of easily available files and archiv…
Éléments de géographie pénale
Für eine Geographie des Strafwesens. Dieser kurze Essai zu einer Geographie des Strafwesens beschreibt die Zunahme des Inhaftierens in den verschiedenen Ländern der Erde und versucht darzulegen, inwieweit diese Neigung des Einsperrens einer bestimmten politischen und kulturellen Logik der Staaten entspricht
Elementos para uma geografia penal
Neste artigo, o autor apresenta um novo ramo da criminologia, a "geografia penal", justificando-o pela análise das taxas de encarceramento na Europa, na América do Norte e na América Latina. Procura-se mostrar como as variações dessas taxas, no tempo e no espaço, respondem antes a fatores culturais e geo-políticos do que ao nível ou à evolução da criminalidade nos diferentes países
L'industrie de la punition
Le taux d'incarceration est souvent compris comme un indicateur de la criminalite. Plus il y aurait de delits et plus on aurait de detenus... Nils Christie fait sauter cette idee recue. Statistiques a l'appui, il montre que des pays industrialises ayant, a la fin du XXe siecle, des caracteristiques socio-economiques, culturelles et linguistiques proches presentent des disparites enormes pour 100 000 Canadiens, environ 130 sont en prison ; pour 10…
A Suitable Amount of Crime
Crime and punishment are social and cultural manifestations; they are closely bound up with people's perceptions of morality, norms and values. In this book, Nils Christie argues that crime is a fluid and shallow concept - acts that could be construed as criminal are unlimited and crime is therefore in endless supply. It should not be forgotten that there are alternatives, both in the definition of crime, and in responses to it. A Suitable Amount…
L'industrie de la punition
Med andre ord. Foredrag på Sosiologenes vinterseminar
Limits to Pain
The UK Burden of Injury Study – a protocol. [National Research Register number
This study will provide more detailed data on the national burden of injuries than has previously been available in any country and will contribute to international collaborative efforts to more accurately assess the global burden of injuries. The results will be used to advise policy makers on prioritisation of preventive measures, support the evaluation of interventions, and provide guidance on the likely impact and degree of impairment and dis…
Troen på det normative fellesskap
On Man-Made Pain
The author of the article, a member of Faculty of Law herself, begins by presenting the two absolute theories of punishment: the one claiming that punishment is necessary, and the opposite theory calling for no punishments at all. There are other theories mentioned as well, such as those created by social scientists who brought up the questions regarding the actual effects of imprisonment. The author then presents the main concept of the article:…
Victim movements at a crossroad
Victim movements are growing in most western countries. This is a natural consequence of modernity. Neighbourhoods are weakened, state control moves in and victims might feel they are left behind, forgotten in the legal process. Now they demand a new entrance. This is easy to understand, but difficult to absorb in a penal process. Victim power might be a strong driving force towards the punitive society. And may be it is bad also for victims. Civ…
Sociology (28 obras) · Political science (23 obras) · Criminology (15 obras) · Psychology (15 obras) · Law (12 obras) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (11 obras) · Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis (11 obras) · Computer Science (10 obras) · Medicine (10 obras) · Art (8 obras)