Robert F Boruch
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 210403 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Robert F Boruch |
| PRENOMES | Robert F |
| SOBRENOME | Boruch |
| ASSINATURA | BORUCH R F |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Northwestern University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5318-5403 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 57 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 118 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 57 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1970 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2016 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Intervention Studies
This entry covers the idea of intervention studies in various disciplines and the empirical questions that such studies entail. It includes illustrative studies and describes standards that have been developed by government agencies and professional groups to judge the quality of evidence generated by the studies
To Flop Is Human
Postmortems and autopsies, at the individual and hospital unit levels, are disciplined approaches to learning from medical failures. “Safety factors” that engineers use in designing structures and systems are based on past failures or trials and experiments to find points of failure. The applied social sciences, including education sciences, labor economics, and criminology, have less clarity about failure. While a bridge collapse is usually plai…
Privacy of Individuals in Social Research
Experimental Design
Reply to Wiebe et al
The intent of our 2014 article titled “Moving Through MOOCs: Understanding the Progression of Users in MOOCs” was to present evidence and to stimulate evidence-based discussion about the progression of users through MOOCs. It is then a pleasure to respond to those who reacted to the article. Most attention in our response is given to the fit between questions that are asked and the limitations on data that are available to address them, and to th…
What Works in Developing Nations to Get Children Into School or Keep Them There
Due to evidence linking education and development, funding has been invested in interventions relevant to getting youth into school and keeping them there. This article reports on a systematic review of impact studies of these school enrollment interventions. Reports were identified through electronic searches of bibliographic databases and other methods. To be eligible, studies (1) assessed impact on primary or secondary school enrollment outcom…
Moving Through Moocs
This paper reports on the progress of users through 16 Coursera courses taught by University of Pennsylvania faculty for the first time between June 2012 and July 2013. Using descriptive analyses, this study advances knowledge by considering two definitions of massive open online course (MOOC) users (registrants and starters), comparing two approaches to measuring student progress through a MOOC course (sequential versus user driven), and examini…
In Honor of Carol Hirschon Weiss
Intervention Studies
Intervention studies address one or more of the following five kinds of questions
Overcoming the Challenges
Standards of Evidence
Quick Read Synopsis
Effects of Advanced Course-taking on Math and Science Achievement
Does taking advanced courses improve scores on basic achievement tests? This question is difficult to answer because there are many systematic differences between students who choose to take advanced courses and those who don’t. This paper uses cutting-edge propensity score methods to control for the selection bias that exists when studying the effects of advanced course-taking on a basic achievement test in math and science. In particular, the d…
Quality of Evidence
BACKGROUND: In 1998, the Committee on Health Care Quality in America was created and given the charge of devising a strategy to achieve substantial improvement in the quality of health care for all Americans. One strategy to move the quality agenda forward is the use of evidence by both providers of health care and consumers of health care. One feature of this agenda, evidence-based practice, refers to a hierarchy of evidence ranging from individ…
Estimating the Effects of Interventions That are Deployed in Many Places
Place-randomized trials have been mounted in a variety of countries to estimate the relative effects of interventions that are intended to ameliorate problems or improve conditions in organizations and geopolitical jurisdictions. This article presents studies in which villages, police hot spots, housing developments, hospital units, schools, and other entities are the units of random allocation. The challenges to such work, approaches to meeting …
Populating an International Web-Based Randomized Trials Register in the Social, Behavioral, Criminological, and Education Sciences
Underlying the work of the Campbell Collaboration (C2) is the Sociological, Psychological, Educational, and Criminological Trials Register (C2-SPECTR). A Web-accessible database, C2-SPECTR is unique in the world. With more than 11,600 citations, it is an international register on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or possible trials. This article describes the framework for populating C2-SPECTR, other registers that are prospective, and the prac…
The Campbell Collaboration
This article describes the development, organization, and operation of the Campbell Collaboration, an international network of academics and practitioners who prepare, maintain, and make accessible authoritative systematic reviews of the effectiveness of interventions in the fields of social welfare, education, and criminal justice. The Campbell Collaboration is modeled after the successful Cochrane Collaboration, established in 1993 to produce r…
Meeting the Challenges of Evidence-Based Policy
Evidence-based policy has much to recommend it, but it also faces significant challenges. These challenges reside not only in the dilemmas faced by policy makers but also in the quality of the evaluation evidence. Some of these problems are most effectively addressed by rigorous syntheses of the literature known as systematic reviews. Other problems remain, including the range of quality in systematic reviews and their general failure to be updat…
Randomized Experiments for Planning and Evaluation
Domestic Violence and Children
Impact of the Minnesota Parental Notification Law on abortion and birth
BACKGROUND. The impact of the Minnesota Parental Notification Law on abortion and birth was examined. METHODS. Using linear models, outcome parameters were compared before and after enactment of the law. Time by age group interactions also were examined. RESULTS. The pre-enactment to post-enactment change in the Minnesota abortion rate reflected a greater decline for minors (less than or equal to 17 years old) than for 18-19 year-olds (who were n…
Mitigating Ethical Conflicts in Dual Mission Government Agencies
The Comparative Evaluation of Longitudinal Surveys
Solutions to Ethical and Legal Problems in Social Research
Should Private Agencies Maintain Federal Research Data
Meeting the Challenges of Evidence-Based Policy
Evidence-based policy has much to recommend it, but it also faces significant challenges. These challenges reside not only in the dilemmas faced by policy makers but also in the quality of the evaluation evidence. Some of these problems are most effectively addressed by rigorous syntheses of the literature known as systematic reviews. Other problems remain, including the range of quality in systematic reviews and their general failure to be updat…
Impact of the Minnesota Parental Notification Law on abortion and birth
BACKGROUND. The impact of the Minnesota Parental Notification Law on abortion and birth was examined. METHODS. Using linear models, outcome parameters were compared before and after enactment of the law. Time by age group interactions also were examined. RESULTS. The pre-enactment to post-enactment change in the Minnesota abortion rate reflected a greater decline for minors (less than or equal to 17 years old) than for 18-19 year-olds (who were n…
Moving Through Moocs
This paper reports on the progress of users through 16 Coursera courses taught by University of Pennsylvania faculty for the first time between June 2012 and July 2013. Using descriptive analyses, this study advances knowledge by considering two definitions of massive open online course (MOOC) users (registrants and starters), comparing two approaches to measuring student progress through a MOOC course (sequential versus user driven), and examini…
Maintaining confidentiality on data in educational research
Estimating the Effects of Interventions That are Deployed in Many Places
Place-randomized trials have been mounted in a variety of countries to estimate the relative effects of interventions that are intended to ameliorate problems or improve conditions in organizations and geopolitical jurisdictions. This article presents studies in which villages, police hot spots, housing developments, hospital units, schools, and other entities are the units of random allocation. The challenges to such work, approaches to meeting …
A Mandated Appraisal of Evaluation Practices
Effects of Advanced Course-taking on Math and Science Achievement
Does taking advanced courses improve scores on basic achievement tests? This question is difficult to answer because there are many systematic differences between students who choose to take advanced courses and those who don’t. This paper uses cutting-edge propensity score methods to control for the selection bias that exists when studying the effects of advanced course-taking on a basic achievement test in math and science. In particular, the d…
The Campbell Collaboration
This article describes the development, organization, and operation of the Campbell Collaboration, an international network of academics and practitioners who prepare, maintain, and make accessible authoritative systematic reviews of the effectiveness of interventions in the fields of social welfare, education, and criminal justice. The Campbell Collaboration is modeled after the successful Cochrane Collaboration, established in 1993 to produce r…
RRT Meets RDD
Despite its growing role in survey research, the telephone survey has been largely neglected with respect to the design and testing of statistical procedures for assuring response privacy (e.g., randomized response techniques). This paper demonstrates that such procedures are no less feasible to administer in telephone surveys than in face-to-face surveys. Both randomized response techniques and alternatives to randomized response are considered
Relations among statistical methods for assuring confidentiality of social research data
Populating an International Web-Based Randomized Trials Register in the Social, Behavioral, Criminological, and Education Sciences
Underlying the work of the Campbell Collaboration (C2) is the Sociological, Psychological, Educational, and Criminological Trials Register (C2-SPECTR). A Web-accessible database, C2-SPECTR is unique in the world. With more than 11,600 citations, it is an international register on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or possible trials. This article describes the framework for populating C2-SPECTR, other registers that are prospective, and the prac…
Why the Compensatory Education Evaluation Was Useful
Why the compensatory education evaluation was useful
Social Experiments
Overcoming the Challenges
Educational Program Evaluations
Notes On the Contamination Method
The contamination method of obtaining confidential information was compared to more standard methods of interviewing, with the criterion being the degree to which the methods elicited candid responses. Two experiments were conducted in which college students were asked whether or not they had engaged in a variety of behaviors which were illegal, immoral, and/or embarrassing to admit. The results of both studies showed no differences between the i…
What Works in Developing Nations to Get Children Into School or Keep Them There
Due to evidence linking education and development, funding has been invested in interventions relevant to getting youth into school and keeping them there. This article reports on a systematic review of impact studies of these school enrollment interventions. Reports were identified through electronic searches of bibliographic databases and other methods. To be eligible, studies (1) assessed impact on primary or secondary school enrollment outcom…
Mitigating Ethical Conflicts in Dual Mission Government Agencies
Reactions to Criticism of the Holtzman Report
Coupling Randomized Experiments and Approximations To Experiments in Social Program Evaluation
The Purposes of Social Experimentation
(Reprinted with permission from Social Experimentation: A Method for Planning and Evaluating Social Intervention written by a Committee of the Social Science Research Council: Henry W. Riecken, Chairman, Robert F. Boruch, Donald T. Campbell, Nathan Caplan, Thomas K. Glennan Jr., John W. Pratt, Albert Rees, Walter Williams. Edited by Henry W. Riecken and Robert F. Boruch, published by Academic Press, New York, November 1974.)
Strategies for eliciting and merging confidential social research data
Educational Research and the Confidentiality of Data
The maintenance of the confidentiality of student information recently has been a major concern among educational researchers and administrators. In this paper, the privacy issue is examined with respect to the information which comprises the basis for the ACE Higher Education Data Bank. The system's functions are the acquisition of biographical and other data on approximately 300,000 college freshmen annually and continuing longitudinal research…
A “Link” System for Assuring Confidentiality of Research Data in Longitudinal Studies
Behavioral scientists have long recognized the importance of longitudinal research data in studies of human growth and development. A major logistical problem in such studies, however, is that the research subjects must be identified in some manner so that they may be resurveyed periodically. Although most researchers are aware that possessing identifying information imposes on them certain obligations to protect the anonymity of their subjects (…
A Program for Testing Hypotheses About Correlation Arrays
A Procedure for Estimation of Trait, Method, and Error Variance Attributable to a Measure
Alternative Methods of Analysis
Extensions of a Multitrait-Multimethod Model to Experimental Psychology
A simplified description of restricted maximum likelihood factor analysis of multitrait-multimethod data is presented. The series of hypothetical exam- ples and data are taken from motivational-experimental psychology. Implications of the model and the relations between this approach and other multitrait-multimethod analytic techniques are discussed briefly
A "Link" System for Assuring Confidentiality of Research Data in Longitudinal Studies
A “Link” System for Assuring Confidentiality of Research Data in Longitudinal Studies
Behavioral scientists have long recognized the importance of longitudinal research data in studies of human growth and development. A major logistical problem in such studies, however, is that the research subjects must be identified in some manner so that they may be resurveyed periodically. Although most researchers are aware that possessing identifying information imposes on them certain obligations to protect the anonymity of their subjects (…
Maintaining confidentiality on data in educational research
Educational Research and the Confidentiality of Data
The maintenance of the confidentiality of student information recently has been a major concern among educational researchers and administrators. In this paper, the privacy issue is examined with respect to the information which comprises the basis for the ACE Higher Education Data Bank. The system's functions are the acquisition of biographical and other data on approximately 300,000 college freshmen annually and continuing longitudinal research…
A CDC—3600 Program for Computation of Maximum Phi When Observations Are Misclassified
Strategies for eliciting and merging confidential social research data
Relations among statistical methods for assuring confidentiality of social research data
Mathematische Methoden zur Sicherung der Vertraulichkeit und Anonymität von Forschungsdaten / Mathematical Methods to Assure Confidentiality and Anonymity of Research Data
The need to develop methods for assuring confidentiality of social research data stems from two related problems. First, research subjects who are emabarassed or threatened by an inquiry about their private lives may refuse to respond or may distort their response, thereby assuring for themselves the confidentiality of particular information; as a consequence, the accuracy and precision of estimates of parameters in social research may be critica…
Social Experimentation
The Purposes of Social Experimentation
(Reprinted with permission from Social Experimentation: A Method for Planning and Evaluating Social Intervention written by a Committee of the Social Science Research Council: Henry W. Riecken, Chairman, Robert F. Boruch, Donald T. Campbell, Nathan Caplan, Thomas K. Glennan Jr., John W. Pratt, Albert Rees, Walter Williams. Edited by Henry W. Riecken and Robert F. Boruch, published by Academic Press, New York, November 1974.)
Coupling Randomized Experiments and Approximations To Experiments in Social Program Evaluation
Social Experimentation
Social Information for the 1970s
Notes On the Contamination Method
The contamination method of obtaining confidential information was compared to more standard methods of interviewing, with the criterion being the degree to which the methods elicited candid responses. Two experiments were conducted in which college students were asked whether or not they had engaged in a variety of behaviors which were illegal, immoral, and/or embarrassing to admit. The results of both studies showed no differences between the i…
On ensuring the availability of evaluative data for secondary analysis
Social Experiments
Randomized Experiments for Evaluating and Planning Local Programs
The article discusses randomized experiments for evaluating and planning local programs in the U.S. The simplest justification for assigning people randomly to alternative programs is tied to the idea that estimates of a programs costs and effects ought to be as fair and as unequivocal as possible. By unequivocal it is meant that any post-program difference in health status between two groups will be clearly attributable to the differences in eff…
Educational Program Evaluations
Evidential problems in social program evaluation and their analogs from engineering and the physical sciences, medicine, and an assortment of other disciplines
Assuring the Confidentiality of Social Research Data
Reactions to Criticism of the Holtzman Report
Psychology (40 obras) · Computer Science (30 obras) · Political science (27 obras) · Sociology (19 obras) · Medicine (18 obras) · Evaluation and Performance Assessment (13 obras) · Law (13 obras) · Engineering (11 obras) · Statistics (11 obras) · Confidentiality (10 obras)