Naomi Doi
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 210430 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Naomi Doi |
| PRENOMES | Naomi |
| SOBRENOME | Doi |
| ASSINATURA | DOI N |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of the Ryukyus |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 21 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 116 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 21 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1986 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2023 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Human diet of premodern mainland Japan
The development of the modern industrialized food production system has resulted in a homogeneous human diet worldwide. However, it is not clear whether a developed food production system led to a homogenized human diet also in ancient societies. Due to the lack of large archaeological datasets, we know little about the chronological trends and ancient circumstances of dietary homoge-nization. Here we compiled carbon and nitrogen stable isotope r…
Taphonomic processes estimated from spatial distribution of Paleolithic human remains and their staining with iron-manganese oxides in the Shiraho-Saonetabaru Cave Site
白保竿根田原洞穴遺跡は,沖縄県石垣島(石垣市)南東の白保海岸から内陸側約800 mに位置する洞窟遺跡である。本洞窟遺跡に分布する泥質の洞窟堆積物からは,19体分に及ぶ後期旧石器時代の人骨化石が産出する。これらの人骨化石の産状からは旧石器時代人が洞窟を墓域として利用した可能性が示唆されている。人骨化石や動物骨化石,岩石,炭化物,海棲軟体動物の殻は層位や場所によって集中・分散が見られ,その配置・埋没プロセスが単純でないことが指摘される。本研究では,人骨化石や動物骨化石,岩石,炭化物,海棲軟体動物の殻の発掘時における3次元位置座標をもとに,これらの分布の統計的評価を行った。また,人骨化石の表面に認められる鉄・マンガン酸化物による着色の有無と個体識別されたそれぞれの部位の分布を検討した。鉄・マンガン酸化物による着色は,洞窟内部の表層近くで形成された可能性が高い。そのため,人骨化石表面に認められる鉄・マンガン酸化物による着色状態が人骨化石の集中部によって異なるという結果は,人骨の配置,移動,埋積過…
Fluorine Content of Fossil Human Bones Excavated From the Shiraho‐saonetabaru Cave Site, Ishigaki Is., Okinawa, Japan, as a Chronological and Sedimentary Environmental Index
The improved fluorine analysis method by ion chromatography was applied to the fossil human bones excavated from the Shiraho‐Saonetabaru Cave site on Ishigaki Island, which were dated back to the Late Pleistocene. This study presents the first systematic results on individual variation of F/P ratios of fossil bones using less than 1 mg samples. In addition to the burial period, the F/P ratio was governed by the local difference in seepage water c…
D Digital reconstruction, preliminary morphometric analysis, and facial approximation of Shiraho 4 skull
石垣島・白保竿根田原洞穴遺跡からは保存のよい4個体を含めて20個体近い更新世人骨が出土している。このうち,現地調査最終盤に出土し,保存状況も最良の白保4号個体の頭骨について,実物の骨をできるだけ接合したのちに,X線CT撮影により3次元形状データを取得してデジタル形状データとして全体を復元した。その結果,鼻根部の強い陥凹や,顔高が低く額が幅広であるなどの特徴が明らかになった。さらに実物の頭骨で直接測った計測値とデジタル復元結果を利用して求めた計測値を合わせて,予備的な形態解析を実施したところ,白保4号頭蓋の形態は,日本列島の旧石器時代人や縄文時代人,そして中国南部やベトナムなど琉球列島よりもさらに南方系の先史時代の人々に近いことが示唆された。デジタル復元した頭骨をもとにして生前の顔貌の復元を試みたので,その経過と復元結果についても報告する
Pleistocene human remains from Shiraho-Saonetabaru Cave on Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, Japan, and their radiocarbon dating
Nine human remains were recovered from Shiraho-Saonetabaru Cave on Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, between 2007 and 2009. Six of the nine samples produced well-preserved biogenic collagen, which was submitted to radiocarbon dating by accelerator mass spectrometry. Three human samples (Nos. 2, 4, and 8) from the fossil chamber were dated to between 16 and 20 ka BP, and can clearly be assigned to the Late Pleistocene. One animal bone fr…
Dental diseases of human skeletal remains from the early-modern period of Kumejima Island, Okinawa, Japan
Human skeletal remains from the early-modern period (17th–19th centuries AD) of Kumejima Island, the Ryukyu Islands, were examined for dental disease, including dental caries, linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH), antemortem tooth loss (AMTL), and dental calculus. The materials used in this study consisted of 386 adult individuals, 105 male, 89 female, and 192 of unknown sex. The highest rate of dental caries occurred in the adult females. Female physi…
Preliminary Test of the Out-of-Taiwan Hypothesis for the Dispersals of Austronesian Language Groups, Based on A Craniometric Analysis of the Kenting-Liao Female Skeleton
ポリネシア人の祖先となったと考えられるラピタ人など,オーストロネシア系オセアニア諸語グループが,そもそもは台湾あたりに出自したとする出台湾(Out of Taiwan)仮説,あるいは‘Express Train to Polynesia’(ETP)仮説は,言語学や考古学の分野で有力視されている。その仮説を人類学的方法で検証するための試論を展開した。台湾先史時代の墾丁寮人骨と,ラピタ人骨など,太平洋の先史時代人骨との間で頭骨形態を予備的に比較することにより,前者がラピタ人などの変異内に収まることを示した。今後,詳細な研究が期待できる
Physical Anthropological Studies of the Human Skeletal Remains Stored in National Taiwan University College of Medicine -Rearrangement of Human Skeletal Remains and Preparation of the Joint Research
Fieldwork in Okinawa-With the Aim to Clarify Population History of the Ryukyu Islanders
Catalogue of Human Skeletal Remains Stored in the Physical Anthropological Laboratory, National Taiwan University College of Medicine
Degenerative Diseases of the Spines of Early Modern Human Remains from Kumejima, Okinawa
17世紀から19世紀の農耕民であると考えられる,久米島近世人骨(男性56個体,女性45個体)の変形性脊椎関節症の評価を行った。変形性脊椎関節症の頻度は,男女ともに腰椎が最も高く,女性においては重度化を認めた。次に変形性脊椎関節症を認めた部位として,女性は頚椎で,男性は胸椎下部と,男女間で異なった傾向を示した。変形性脊椎関節症の部位別頻度では,椎体前縁部が後縁部に比べ顕著に高く,男性の胸腰椎では右側縁部が左側縁部より高い傾向を示した。関節突起に関しては頚椎が最も頻度が高く,胸腰椎では低い傾向を示した。また,男性は頚椎,胸椎上部の一部に,女性では第11および第12胸椎で頻度が高く性差を認めた。主成分分析の結果でも,頚椎および腰椎の変形性関節症の頻度が高く,腰椎では椎体前縁部と左右縁部に,頚椎では椎体後方と椎間関節に関節症の頻度が高い傾向を確認した。久米島近世人骨の女性は,頚椎の椎体後方に変形性関節症の頻度が男性と比較して高いことから,民俗学者らによって示唆されている,頭上運搬による体幹直立位…
Morphologic and Genetic Evidence for the Kinship of Juvenile Skeletal Specimens from a 2,000 Year-old Double Burial of the Usu-Moshiri Site, Hokkaido, Japan
This paper presents a case study of a double burial at the 2,000 year-old Usu-Moshiri Epi-Jomon site in Hokkaido, Japan, using detailed odontometric analysis in conjunction with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis in order to more precisely assess their kinship. Consanguinity between the two juveniles found in this burial was suggested by the archaeological context as well as by preliminary morphological studies of the skeletons. Mitochondrial DNA…
Preliminary Observations of Some Paleopathological Conditions in Historic and Modern Human Skeletal Remains from Ishigaki Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan
This study investigates some aspects of skeletal and dental paleo-pathology, including cribra orbitalia, dental enamel hypoplasia, trauma, osteoarthritis, periostitis and osteomyelitis. The sample consists of the skeletal remains of 33 individuals from the medieval and early modern periods, found on Ishigaki Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. High frequencies of cribra orbitalia and enamel hypoplasias suggest that the Ishigaki people may have experie…
Metric Data of the Ryukyuan Crania
Eighteen cranial measurements including 6 flatness measurements of the facial skeleton were taken for crania from the Amami, Okinawa, and Sakishima Islands, which constitute the Ryukyu Islands. The data will be useful for future multivariate statistical analyses of Ryukyuan crania
Flatness of Facial Skeletons of Ryukyuans
Following the method of Yamaguchi (1973), a series of facial flatness measurements were taken from crania from the islands of Amami, Okinawa and Sakishima of the Ryukyu Islands. These measurements were compared with each other and with measurements of cranial series from other Japanese Islands, insular and continental Northeast Asia and Europe. Among the three Ryukyuan samples, the facial skeletons of Sakishima are least flattened. Nevertheless, …
Intra- and Interobserver Errors in Facial Flatness Measurements
This study examines intra-and interobserver errors in the facial flatness measurements defined by Yamaguchi (1973) using two-way ANOVA with replication.The sample used consists of 10 recent Japanese skulls from Tohoku District.These skulls are measured twice by each of 6 observers.The interactions between skulls and observers are significant in the frontal chord, the simotic subtense, and the zygomaxillary chord.In the latter 2 items, interobserv…
Ainu and Ryukyuan Cranial Nonmetric Variation
Presence or absence of 22 nonmetric traits was recorded in the crania from the islands of Amami, Okinawa, and Sakishima of the Ryukyu Islands. Their trait-frequency patterns were compared with the samples from East/Southeast Asia and the world using Smith's Mean Measure of Divergence (MMD) statistic, principal coordinate analysis, and neighbor-joining clustering algorithm. The results indicated that the Ryukyuan samples aligned with the East/Sout…
Osteometrical Study of Genetic and Environmental Influences on the Shape of the Human Skeleton
金関家骨格資料について,形態学的調査を行なった。次に,骨形態に表れる遺伝的効果と環境効果の関係を知るために,他の家系および非血縁者集団とともに多変量解析法を用いて分析した。その結果,遺伝的効果はこれまであまり研究されていなかった四肢長骨においても,特にその骨端部にかなり強く表れることが明らかになった。環境効果は社会的階級および時代の差として検出され,それぞれ主として骨の太さと長さに関係していた。社会的階級の差による環境効果は前腕と下腿に強く表れており,労働の量等に関連すると考えられた。時代の差は下肢骨に強く表れる傾向が認められ,食性や衛生環境等の生活条件と関連すると考えられた
Morphological Data on the Skeletons of the Kanaseki-Family
Metric and non-metric data on the skeletons of the KANASEKI-family, the late Dr. T. KANASEKI and his father, Mr
A Geographical Cline in Metrical Characteristics of Kofun Skulls from Western Japan
Geographic variations in metrical characteristics of Kofun skulls were examined, using the principal component analysis. The genetic influence of immigrants in northern Kyushu appeared as a geographical cline in the cranial measurements obtained by the method of MARTIN and SALLER (1957). We considered that the cline originated from the migration and gene mixture, since the Yayoi period. The following three clinal forms were determined from the re…
A method for estimation of kinship based on the tooth measurements and its application to the ancient human skeletal remains
古人骨に対する血縁者推定法を確立するため,現代人の家族と対照群の歯冠計測値から求めた Q モード相関係数の分析を行ない,以下の結論を得た。1)「他人の空似」の出現頻度を20%以下にするには最低6変数の歯の組み合わせが必要であった。2)血縁者中高い Q-相関係数を示すペアの頻度は明らかに対照群より高かったが,イトコについては対照群とほぼ同じになる歯の組み合わせがあった。3) Q-相関係数は歯の組み合わせによって変化するので,応用の際はできるだけ多くの組み合わせで Q-相関係数を求め,その中の高い値をもって近縁度と考えてよい。以上の結果を2例の横穴墓被葬者の分析に適用した結果,古人骨への応用におけるこの方法の妥当性が強く支持された
Ainu and Ryukyuan Cranial Nonmetric Variation
Presence or absence of 22 nonmetric traits was recorded in the crania from the islands of Amami, Okinawa, and Sakishima of the Ryukyu Islands. Their trait-frequency patterns were compared with the samples from East/Southeast Asia and the world using Smith's Mean Measure of Divergence (MMD) statistic, principal coordinate analysis, and neighbor-joining clustering algorithm. The results indicated that the Ryukyuan samples aligned with the East/Sout…
Pleistocene human remains from Shiraho-Saonetabaru Cave on Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, Japan, and their radiocarbon dating
Nine human remains were recovered from Shiraho-Saonetabaru Cave on Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, between 2007 and 2009. Six of the nine samples produced well-preserved biogenic collagen, which was submitted to radiocarbon dating by accelerator mass spectrometry. Three human samples (Nos. 2, 4, and 8) from the fossil chamber were dated to between 16 and 20 ka BP, and can clearly be assigned to the Late Pleistocene. One animal bone fr…
Morphologic and Genetic Evidence for the Kinship of Juvenile Skeletal Specimens from a 2,000 Year-old Double Burial of the Usu-Moshiri Site, Hokkaido, Japan
This paper presents a case study of a double burial at the 2,000 year-old Usu-Moshiri Epi-Jomon site in Hokkaido, Japan, using detailed odontometric analysis in conjunction with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis in order to more precisely assess their kinship. Consanguinity between the two juveniles found in this burial was suggested by the archaeological context as well as by preliminary morphological studies of the skeletons. Mitochondrial DNA…
Flatness of Facial Skeletons of Ryukyuans
Following the method of Yamaguchi (1973), a series of facial flatness measurements were taken from crania from the islands of Amami, Okinawa and Sakishima of the Ryukyu Islands. These measurements were compared with each other and with measurements of cranial series from other Japanese Islands, insular and continental Northeast Asia and Europe. Among the three Ryukyuan samples, the facial skeletons of Sakishima are least flattened. Nevertheless, …
Dental diseases of human skeletal remains from the early-modern period of Kumejima Island, Okinawa, Japan
Human skeletal remains from the early-modern period (17th–19th centuries AD) of Kumejima Island, the Ryukyu Islands, were examined for dental disease, including dental caries, linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH), antemortem tooth loss (AMTL), and dental calculus. The materials used in this study consisted of 386 adult individuals, 105 male, 89 female, and 192 of unknown sex. The highest rate of dental caries occurred in the adult females. Female physi…
Intra- and Interobserver Errors in Facial Flatness Measurements
This study examines intra-and interobserver errors in the facial flatness measurements defined by Yamaguchi (1973) using two-way ANOVA with replication.The sample used consists of 10 recent Japanese skulls from Tohoku District.These skulls are measured twice by each of 6 observers.The interactions between skulls and observers are significant in the frontal chord, the simotic subtense, and the zygomaxillary chord.In the latter 2 items, interobserv…
Degenerative Diseases of the Spines of Early Modern Human Remains from Kumejima, Okinawa
17世紀から19世紀の農耕民であると考えられる,久米島近世人骨(男性56個体,女性45個体)の変形性脊椎関節症の評価を行った。変形性脊椎関節症の頻度は,男女ともに腰椎が最も高く,女性においては重度化を認めた。次に変形性脊椎関節症を認めた部位として,女性は頚椎で,男性は胸椎下部と,男女間で異なった傾向を示した。変形性脊椎関節症の部位別頻度では,椎体前縁部が後縁部に比べ顕著に高く,男性の胸腰椎では右側縁部が左側縁部より高い傾向を示した。関節突起に関しては頚椎が最も頻度が高く,胸腰椎では低い傾向を示した。また,男性は頚椎,胸椎上部の一部に,女性では第11および第12胸椎で頻度が高く性差を認めた。主成分分析の結果でも,頚椎および腰椎の変形性関節症の頻度が高く,腰椎では椎体前縁部と左右縁部に,頚椎では椎体後方と椎間関節に関節症の頻度が高い傾向を確認した。久米島近世人骨の女性は,頚椎の椎体後方に変形性関節症の頻度が男性と比較して高いことから,民俗学者らによって示唆されている,頭上運搬による体幹直立位…
Preliminary Observations of Some Paleopathological Conditions in Historic and Modern Human Skeletal Remains from Ishigaki Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan
This study investigates some aspects of skeletal and dental paleo-pathology, including cribra orbitalia, dental enamel hypoplasia, trauma, osteoarthritis, periostitis and osteomyelitis. The sample consists of the skeletal remains of 33 individuals from the medieval and early modern periods, found on Ishigaki Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. High frequencies of cribra orbitalia and enamel hypoplasias suggest that the Ishigaki people may have experie…
Metric Data of the Ryukyuan Crania
Eighteen cranial measurements including 6 flatness measurements of the facial skeleton were taken for crania from the Amami, Okinawa, and Sakishima Islands, which constitute the Ryukyu Islands. The data will be useful for future multivariate statistical analyses of Ryukyuan crania
Fluorine Content of Fossil Human Bones Excavated From the Shiraho‐saonetabaru Cave Site, Ishigaki Is., Okinawa, Japan, as a Chronological and Sedimentary Environmental Index
The improved fluorine analysis method by ion chromatography was applied to the fossil human bones excavated from the Shiraho‐Saonetabaru Cave site on Ishigaki Island, which were dated back to the Late Pleistocene. This study presents the first systematic results on individual variation of F/P ratios of fossil bones using less than 1 mg samples. In addition to the burial period, the F/P ratio was governed by the local difference in seepage water c…
D Digital reconstruction, preliminary morphometric analysis, and facial approximation of Shiraho 4 skull
石垣島・白保竿根田原洞穴遺跡からは保存のよい4個体を含めて20個体近い更新世人骨が出土している。このうち,現地調査最終盤に出土し,保存状況も最良の白保4号個体の頭骨について,実物の骨をできるだけ接合したのちに,X線CT撮影により3次元形状データを取得してデジタル形状データとして全体を復元した。その結果,鼻根部の強い陥凹や,顔高が低く額が幅広であるなどの特徴が明らかになった。さらに実物の頭骨で直接測った計測値とデジタル復元結果を利用して求めた計測値を合わせて,予備的な形態解析を実施したところ,白保4号頭蓋の形態は,日本列島の旧石器時代人や縄文時代人,そして中国南部やベトナムなど琉球列島よりもさらに南方系の先史時代の人々に近いことが示唆された。デジタル復元した頭骨をもとにして生前の顔貌の復元を試みたので,その経過と復元結果についても報告する
A method for estimation of kinship based on the tooth measurements and its application to the ancient human skeletal remains
古人骨に対する血縁者推定法を確立するため,現代人の家族と対照群の歯冠計測値から求めた Q モード相関係数の分析を行ない,以下の結論を得た。1)「他人の空似」の出現頻度を20%以下にするには最低6変数の歯の組み合わせが必要であった。2)血縁者中高い Q-相関係数を示すペアの頻度は明らかに対照群より高かったが,イトコについては対照群とほぼ同じになる歯の組み合わせがあった。3) Q-相関係数は歯の組み合わせによって変化するので,応用の際はできるだけ多くの組み合わせで Q-相関係数を求め,その中の高い値をもって近縁度と考えてよい。以上の結果を2例の横穴墓被葬者の分析に適用した結果,古人骨への応用におけるこの方法の妥当性が強く支持された
A Geographical Cline in Metrical Characteristics of Kofun Skulls from Western Japan
Geographic variations in metrical characteristics of Kofun skulls were examined, using the principal component analysis. The genetic influence of immigrants in northern Kyushu appeared as a geographical cline in the cranial measurements obtained by the method of MARTIN and SALLER (1957). We considered that the cline originated from the migration and gene mixture, since the Yayoi period. The following three clinal forms were determined from the re…
Osteometrical Study of Genetic and Environmental Influences on the Shape of the Human Skeleton
金関家骨格資料について,形態学的調査を行なった。次に,骨形態に表れる遺伝的効果と環境効果の関係を知るために,他の家系および非血縁者集団とともに多変量解析法を用いて分析した。その結果,遺伝的効果はこれまであまり研究されていなかった四肢長骨においても,特にその骨端部にかなり強く表れることが明らかになった。環境効果は社会的階級および時代の差として検出され,それぞれ主として骨の太さと長さに関係していた。社会的階級の差による環境効果は前腕と下腿に強く表れており,労働の量等に関連すると考えられた。時代の差は下肢骨に強く表れる傾向が認められ,食性や衛生環境等の生活条件と関連すると考えられた
Morphological Data on the Skeletons of the Kanaseki-Family
Metric and non-metric data on the skeletons of the KANASEKI-family, the late Dr. T. KANASEKI and his father, Mr
Ainu and Ryukyuan Cranial Nonmetric Variation
Presence or absence of 22 nonmetric traits was recorded in the crania from the islands of Amami, Okinawa, and Sakishima of the Ryukyu Islands. Their trait-frequency patterns were compared with the samples from East/Southeast Asia and the world using Smith's Mean Measure of Divergence (MMD) statistic, principal coordinate analysis, and neighbor-joining clustering algorithm. The results indicated that the Ryukyuan samples aligned with the East/Sout…
Intra- and Interobserver Errors in Facial Flatness Measurements
This study examines intra-and interobserver errors in the facial flatness measurements defined by Yamaguchi (1973) using two-way ANOVA with replication.The sample used consists of 10 recent Japanese skulls from Tohoku District.These skulls are measured twice by each of 6 observers.The interactions between skulls and observers are significant in the frontal chord, the simotic subtense, and the zygomaxillary chord.In the latter 2 items, interobserv…
Flatness of Facial Skeletons of Ryukyuans
Following the method of Yamaguchi (1973), a series of facial flatness measurements were taken from crania from the islands of Amami, Okinawa and Sakishima of the Ryukyu Islands. These measurements were compared with each other and with measurements of cranial series from other Japanese Islands, insular and continental Northeast Asia and Europe. Among the three Ryukyuan samples, the facial skeletons of Sakishima are least flattened. Nevertheless, …
Metric Data of the Ryukyuan Crania
Eighteen cranial measurements including 6 flatness measurements of the facial skeleton were taken for crania from the Amami, Okinawa, and Sakishima Islands, which constitute the Ryukyu Islands. The data will be useful for future multivariate statistical analyses of Ryukyuan crania
Preliminary Observations of Some Paleopathological Conditions in Historic and Modern Human Skeletal Remains from Ishigaki Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan
This study investigates some aspects of skeletal and dental paleo-pathology, including cribra orbitalia, dental enamel hypoplasia, trauma, osteoarthritis, periostitis and osteomyelitis. The sample consists of the skeletal remains of 33 individuals from the medieval and early modern periods, found on Ishigaki Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. High frequencies of cribra orbitalia and enamel hypoplasias suggest that the Ishigaki people may have experie…
Morphologic and Genetic Evidence for the Kinship of Juvenile Skeletal Specimens from a 2,000 Year-old Double Burial of the Usu-Moshiri Site, Hokkaido, Japan
This paper presents a case study of a double burial at the 2,000 year-old Usu-Moshiri Epi-Jomon site in Hokkaido, Japan, using detailed odontometric analysis in conjunction with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis in order to more precisely assess their kinship. Consanguinity between the two juveniles found in this burial was suggested by the archaeological context as well as by preliminary morphological studies of the skeletons. Mitochondrial DNA…
Degenerative Diseases of the Spines of Early Modern Human Remains from Kumejima, Okinawa
17世紀から19世紀の農耕民であると考えられる,久米島近世人骨(男性56個体,女性45個体)の変形性脊椎関節症の評価を行った。変形性脊椎関節症の頻度は,男女ともに腰椎が最も高く,女性においては重度化を認めた。次に変形性脊椎関節症を認めた部位として,女性は頚椎で,男性は胸椎下部と,男女間で異なった傾向を示した。変形性脊椎関節症の部位別頻度では,椎体前縁部が後縁部に比べ顕著に高く,男性の胸腰椎では右側縁部が左側縁部より高い傾向を示した。関節突起に関しては頚椎が最も頻度が高く,胸腰椎では低い傾向を示した。また,男性は頚椎,胸椎上部の一部に,女性では第11および第12胸椎で頻度が高く性差を認めた。主成分分析の結果でも,頚椎および腰椎の変形性関節症の頻度が高く,腰椎では椎体前縁部と左右縁部に,頚椎では椎体後方と椎間関節に関節症の頻度が高い傾向を確認した。久米島近世人骨の女性は,頚椎の椎体後方に変形性関節症の頻度が男性と比較して高いことから,民俗学者らによって示唆されている,頭上運搬による体幹直立位…
Dental diseases of human skeletal remains from the early-modern period of Kumejima Island, Okinawa, Japan
Human skeletal remains from the early-modern period (17th–19th centuries AD) of Kumejima Island, the Ryukyu Islands, were examined for dental disease, including dental caries, linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH), antemortem tooth loss (AMTL), and dental calculus. The materials used in this study consisted of 386 adult individuals, 105 male, 89 female, and 192 of unknown sex. The highest rate of dental caries occurred in the adult females. Female physi…
Preliminary Test of the Out-of-Taiwan Hypothesis for the Dispersals of Austronesian Language Groups, Based on A Craniometric Analysis of the Kenting-Liao Female Skeleton
ポリネシア人の祖先となったと考えられるラピタ人など,オーストロネシア系オセアニア諸語グループが,そもそもは台湾あたりに出自したとする出台湾(Out of Taiwan)仮説,あるいは‘Express Train to Polynesia’(ETP)仮説は,言語学や考古学の分野で有力視されている。その仮説を人類学的方法で検証するための試論を展開した。台湾先史時代の墾丁寮人骨と,ラピタ人骨など,太平洋の先史時代人骨との間で頭骨形態を予備的に比較することにより,前者がラピタ人などの変異内に収まることを示した。今後,詳細な研究が期待できる
Physical Anthropological Studies of the Human Skeletal Remains Stored in National Taiwan University College of Medicine -Rearrangement of Human Skeletal Remains and Preparation of the Joint Research
Fieldwork in Okinawa-With the Aim to Clarify Population History of the Ryukyu Islanders
Catalogue of Human Skeletal Remains Stored in the Physical Anthropological Laboratory, National Taiwan University College of Medicine
Pleistocene human remains from Shiraho-Saonetabaru Cave on Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, Japan, and their radiocarbon dating
Nine human remains were recovered from Shiraho-Saonetabaru Cave on Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, between 2007 and 2009. Six of the nine samples produced well-preserved biogenic collagen, which was submitted to radiocarbon dating by accelerator mass spectrometry. Three human samples (Nos. 2, 4, and 8) from the fossil chamber were dated to between 16 and 20 ka BP, and can clearly be assigned to the Late Pleistocene. One animal bone fr…
D Digital reconstruction, preliminary morphometric analysis, and facial approximation of Shiraho 4 skull
石垣島・白保竿根田原洞穴遺跡からは保存のよい4個体を含めて20個体近い更新世人骨が出土している。このうち,現地調査最終盤に出土し,保存状況も最良の白保4号個体の頭骨について,実物の骨をできるだけ接合したのちに,X線CT撮影により3次元形状データを取得してデジタル形状データとして全体を復元した。その結果,鼻根部の強い陥凹や,顔高が低く額が幅広であるなどの特徴が明らかになった。さらに実物の頭骨で直接測った計測値とデジタル復元結果を利用して求めた計測値を合わせて,予備的な形態解析を実施したところ,白保4号頭蓋の形態は,日本列島の旧石器時代人や縄文時代人,そして中国南部やベトナムなど琉球列島よりもさらに南方系の先史時代の人々に近いことが示唆された。デジタル復元した頭骨をもとにして生前の顔貌の復元を試みたので,その経過と復元結果についても報告する
Fluorine Content of Fossil Human Bones Excavated From the Shiraho‐saonetabaru Cave Site, Ishigaki Is., Okinawa, Japan, as a Chronological and Sedimentary Environmental Index
The improved fluorine analysis method by ion chromatography was applied to the fossil human bones excavated from the Shiraho‐Saonetabaru Cave site on Ishigaki Island, which were dated back to the Late Pleistocene. This study presents the first systematic results on individual variation of F/P ratios of fossil bones using less than 1 mg samples. In addition to the burial period, the F/P ratio was governed by the local difference in seepage water c…
Taphonomic processes estimated from spatial distribution of Paleolithic human remains and their staining with iron-manganese oxides in the Shiraho-Saonetabaru Cave Site
白保竿根田原洞穴遺跡は,沖縄県石垣島(石垣市)南東の白保海岸から内陸側約800 mに位置する洞窟遺跡である。本洞窟遺跡に分布する泥質の洞窟堆積物からは,19体分に及ぶ後期旧石器時代の人骨化石が産出する。これらの人骨化石の産状からは旧石器時代人が洞窟を墓域として利用した可能性が示唆されている。人骨化石や動物骨化石,岩石,炭化物,海棲軟体動物の殻は層位や場所によって集中・分散が見られ,その配置・埋没プロセスが単純でないことが指摘される。本研究では,人骨化石や動物骨化石,岩石,炭化物,海棲軟体動物の殻の発掘時における3次元位置座標をもとに,これらの分布の統計的評価を行った。また,人骨化石の表面に認められる鉄・マンガン酸化物による着色の有無と個体識別されたそれぞれの部位の分布を検討した。鉄・マンガン酸化物による着色は,洞窟内部の表層近くで形成された可能性が高い。そのため,人骨化石表面に認められる鉄・マンガン酸化物による着色状態が人骨化石の集中部によって異なるという結果は,人骨の配置,移動,埋積過…
Human diet of premodern mainland Japan
The development of the modern industrialized food production system has resulted in a homogeneous human diet worldwide. However, it is not clear whether a developed food production system led to a homogenized human diet also in ancient societies. Due to the lack of large archaeological datasets, we know little about the chronological trends and ancient circumstances of dietary homoge-nization. Here we compiled carbon and nitrogen stable isotope r…
Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (15 obras) · Biology (14 obras) · Geography (13 obras) · Archaeology (9 obras) · Medicine (9 obras) · Anatomy (6 obras) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (6 obras) · Paleontology (6 obras) · Anthropology (5 obras) · Demography (5 obras)