B Useem
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 21189 |
|---|---|
| NOME | B Useem |
| PRENOMES | B |
| SOBRENOME | Useem |
| ASSINATURA | USEEM B |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Purdue University West Lafayette |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6445-5707 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 39 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 414 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 39 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1977 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 12 |
Experimental effects of a restrictive housing step-down program on violent and non-violent misconduct
The paradox of victory: Social Movement Fields, Adverse Outcomes, and Social Movement Success
Recent work on social movement fields has expanded our view of the dynamics of social movements; it should also expand our thinking about social movement success. Such a broader view reveals a paradox: social movements often snatch defeat from the jaws of victory by narrowly targeting authorities with their actions instead of targeting the broader social movement field. Negative impacts from the wider social movement field can then reverse or ove…
Reforming solitary confinement: The development, implementation, and processes of a restrictive housing step down reentry program in Oregon
Prison Riots
This essay provides an overview of prison riots, the possible stages of a riot, and a historical account of the incidence of riots in the United States as well as cross-nationally since the early twentieth century (including finer discussions of the most serious riots and their implications). Theories of prison riots are presented and critiqued in terms of their applicability to the most serious riots in the past half-century. Within this discuss…
Volume 9 (2013) | Issue 1
Volume 9, Issue 1 (2013), Journal:Journal of Human Security, Info:The Open Access Journal of Human Security brings together expertise from universities worldwide and facilitates communication and collaboration between researchers, practitioners and educators
Putting Values and Institutions Back into the Theory of Strategic Action Fields
Neil Fligstein and Doug McAdam have presented a new theory of how collective action creates the structure and dynamics of societies. At issue is the behavior of social movements, organizations, states, political parties, and interest groups. They argue that all of these phenomena are produced by social actors (which may be individuals or groups) involved in strategic action. This allows Fligstein and McAdam to advance a unified theory of 'strateg…
Criminology and Public Policy: Putting Theory to Work
Radicalization of U.S. prisoners
Research Summary Concern has been expressed that prisoner radicalization poses a high probability threat to the safety of the United States. Although the threat of terrorist acts planned in prison is known to be above zero because of a nearly executed terrorist plot hatched in a state prison, the central finding of this research is that the actual probability is modest. The reasons for a modest probability are fourfold: Order and stability in U.S…
Prison State: The Challenge of Mass Incarceration
During the past 25 years, the prison population in America shot upward to reach a staggering 1.53 million by 2005. This 2005 book takes a broad, critical look at incarceration, the huge social experiment of American society. The authors investigate the causes and consequences of the prison buildup, often challenging previously held notions from scholarly and public discourse. By examining such themes as social discontent, safety and security with…
A theory of the dynamics of violence
The Crime-Control Effect of Incarceration: Does Scale Matter
Research Summary: Several prominent empirical studies estimate models of a constant proportional effect of prison on crime, finding that effect is substantial and negative. A separate literature argues against the crime-reducing effect of prison but mainly on theoretical grounds. This second literature suggests that the elasticity of the prison/crime relationship is not constant. We provide a model that nests these two literatures. Using data fro…
Prison buildup and disorder
In contrast to the predictions of many, the prison buildup in the USA did not lead to dramatic increases in chaos behind bars. Instead, prison riots have become rarer, the homicide rate among inmates has declined dramatically and a smaller proportion of inmates are held in segregation and protective custody. Escapes are less common. What caused, then, the trend toward greater, rather than less, order? Neither demographics nor the development of s…
Prison Siting and Economic Development
Popular support for the prison build-up
A substantial build-up in prison capacity and the use of incarceration in the USA began in the mid-1970s and continued through to the end of the century. Researchers generally agree that a broad-based social movement supported the build-up, but disagree over the core features of the movement. Some researchers argue that it was the by-product of social discontents associated with rapid social change. Other researchers contend that the movement was…
Forging Social Order and Its Breakdown: Riot and Reform in U.S. Prisons
Two cases of prison reform in the 1990s had widely divergent results. New Mexico privatized several prisons and these prisons were quickly beset by multiple riots. New York's publicly run Rikers Island prison, by contrast, adopted reforms that ended many years of riots and violence. Prevailing theories of prison riots cannot account for these divergent outcomes. A state-centered theory of social order explains both cases, showing how prison admin…
Collective Action in Prisons: Protests, Disturbances, and Riots
This study assesses competing explanations of inmate collective action using data from a nationwide sample of 317 adult maximum‐and medium‐security state prisons. Most previous studies have relied on data from only those prisons that have experienced riots. Hence, the conditions thought to cause collective outbursts may be equally present in prisons that did not experience such action. The current design allows for a comparison of riot and nonrio…
Prison Riots as Microrevolutions: An Extension of State-Centered Theories of Revolution
Prisons have long been used as a testing ground for social theory. This article explores the applicability of state‐centered theories of revolution to the phenomena of prison riots. Prison riots are found to have numerous features in common with revolutions, including prior administrative crises, elite (guard) alienation and divisions, and a widespread popular (prisoner) sense of injustice and grievances regarding (prison) administration actions …
Resolution of Prison Riots: Strategies and Policies
Breakdown Theories of Collective Action
Historically, breakdown theory dominated the sociological study of collective action. In the 1970s, this theory was found to be increasingly unable to account for contemporaneous events and newly discovered historical facts. Resource mobilization theory displaced breakdown theory as the dominant paradigm. Yet the evidence against breakdown theory is weak once a distinction is made between routine and nonroutine collective action. Several recent c…
Choosing a Dissertation Topic
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button
The State and Collective Disorders: The Los Angeles Riot/Protest of April, 1992
This article develops a theory of state response to collective disorders on two levels. First, it examines how government agencies must seek both to be accountable and to maintain administrative capacity, but increasing accountability may reduce capacity. Second, it explores a riot situation, where a public safety agency must solve three problems related to capacity: strategy (force versus diplomacy), command (level, location, and unity), and pre…
Resolution of Prison Riots: Strategies and Policies
The book uses eight diverse case studies of prison riots to explore how the outcomes were affected by policies, procedures, management, communications, and strategy immediately before, during, and after the riot. Exploring the results achieved by negotiation, by force, and by simply waiting, the authors illuminate the factors most important in controlling the costs of damage and human suffering that can result from increasingly common prison dist…
The Penitentiary in Crisis: From Accommodation to Riot in New Mexico
States Of Siege: U.S. Prison Riots, 1971–1986
This book examines case studies of recent prison riots in five states, including the 1971 radical uprising in Attica, New York, and the infamous 1981 bloodbath at the New Mexico Penitentiary. The most extensive and detailed work yet written on US prison riots, the authors explain the occurrence and variations of riots as a reflection of the administrative breakdown of the prison system within a changing ideological context. A theoretical appendix…
How Education Affects Attitude to Protest: A Further Test
In a previous study, the authors found that among whites education affected attitude to protest in four ways: by raising commitment to civil liberties; by reducing support for violence; by increasing knowledge of protest justifications; and by altering a person's position in society, hence one's interests and identifications. This study shows that the same set of forces accounts for the variability of correlations between education and protest at…
Solidarity Model, Breakdown Model, and the Boston Anti-Busing Movement
Breakdown Theories of Collective Action
Historically, breakdown theory dominated the sociological study of collective action. In the 1970s, this theory was found to be increasingly unable to account for contemporaneous events and newly discovered historical facts. Resource mobilization theory displaced breakdown theory as the dominant paradigm. Yet the evidence against breakdown theory is weak once a distinction is made between routine and nonroutine collective action. Several recent c…
Effects of Education on Attitude to Protest
We explain the variability of correlations between education and protest attitudes by specifying four processes and the conditions under which each operates. We postulate that education affects attitudes to protest by increasing commitment to civil liberties, by decreasing support for the use of violence, by increasing knowledge of the protesters' grievances, and by changing one's position in society and hence one's interests and identifications.…
From Pressure Group to Social Movement: Organizational Dilemmas of the Effort to Promote Nuclear Power
Journal Article From Pressure Group to Social Movement: Organizational Dilemmas of the Effort to Promote Nuclear Power Get access Bert Useem, Bert Useem Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mayer N. Zald Mayer N. Zald Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social Problems, Volume 30, Issue 2, 1 December 1982, Pages 144–156, https://doi.org/10.2307/800514 Published…
Disorganization and the New Mexico Prison Riot of 1980
Breakdown theorists postulate that collective action results from social and increased levels of discontent. Data on the 1980 New Mexico prison riot provide support for certain aspects of this model. From 1970 to 1975, the State Penitentiary provided inmates with employment opportunities and recreational programs. These integrating activities were sharply curtailed after 1975. As a consequence, inmates experienced strong feelings of deprivation, …
Prison Riots as Microrevolutions: An Extension of State-Centered Theories of Revolution
Prisons have long been used as a testing ground for social theory. This article explores the applicability of state‐centered theories of revolution to the phenomena of prison riots. Prison riots are found to have numerous features in common with revolutions, including prior administrative crises, elite (guard) alienation and divisions, and a widespread popular (prisoner) sense of injustice and grievances regarding (prison) administration actions …
The Crime-Control Effect of Incarceration: Does Scale Matter
Research Summary: Several prominent empirical studies estimate models of a constant proportional effect of prison on crime, finding that effect is substantial and negative. A separate literature argues against the crime-reducing effect of prison but mainly on theoretical grounds. This second literature suggests that the elasticity of the prison/crime relationship is not constant. We provide a model that nests these two literatures. Using data fro…
Prison buildup and disorder
In contrast to the predictions of many, the prison buildup in the USA did not lead to dramatic increases in chaos behind bars. Instead, prison riots have become rarer, the homicide rate among inmates has declined dramatically and a smaller proportion of inmates are held in segregation and protective custody. Escapes are less common. What caused, then, the trend toward greater, rather than less, order? Neither demographics nor the development of s…
Collective Action in Prisons: Protests, Disturbances, and Riots
This study assesses competing explanations of inmate collective action using data from a nationwide sample of 317 adult maximum‐and medium‐security state prisons. Most previous studies have relied on data from only those prisons that have experienced riots. Hence, the conditions thought to cause collective outbursts may be equally present in prisons that did not experience such action. The current design allows for a comparison of riot and nonrio…
Putting Values and Institutions Back into the Theory of Strategic Action Fields
Neil Fligstein and Doug McAdam have presented a new theory of how collective action creates the structure and dynamics of societies. At issue is the behavior of social movements, organizations, states, political parties, and interest groups. They argue that all of these phenomena are produced by social actors (which may be individuals or groups) involved in strategic action. This allows Fligstein and McAdam to advance a unified theory of 'strateg…
Forging Social Order and Its Breakdown: Riot and Reform in U.S. Prisons
Two cases of prison reform in the 1990s had widely divergent results. New Mexico privatized several prisons and these prisons were quickly beset by multiple riots. New York's publicly run Rikers Island prison, by contrast, adopted reforms that ended many years of riots and violence. Prevailing theories of prison riots cannot account for these divergent outcomes. A state-centered theory of social order explains both cases, showing how prison admin…
States of Siege: U.S. Prison Riots 1971-1986
This book examines case studies of recent prison riots in five states, including the 1971 radical uprising in Attica, New York, and the infamous 1981 bloodbath at the New Mexico Penitentiary. The most extensive and detailed work yet written on US prison riots, the authors explain the occurrence and variations of riots as a reflection of the administrative breakdown of the prison system within a changing ideological context. A theoretical appendix…
Radicalization of U.S. prisoners
Research Summary Concern has been expressed that prisoner radicalization poses a high probability threat to the safety of the United States. Although the threat of terrorist acts planned in prison is known to be above zero because of a nearly executed terrorist plot hatched in a state prison, the central finding of this research is that the actual probability is modest. The reasons for a modest probability are fourfold: Order and stability in U.S…
The paradox of victory: Social Movement Fields, Adverse Outcomes, and Social Movement Success
Recent work on social movement fields has expanded our view of the dynamics of social movements; it should also expand our thinking about social movement success. Such a broader view reveals a paradox: social movements often snatch defeat from the jaws of victory by narrowly targeting authorities with their actions instead of targeting the broader social movement field. Negative impacts from the wider social movement field can then reverse or ove…
Popular support for the prison build-up
A substantial build-up in prison capacity and the use of incarceration in the USA began in the mid-1970s and continued through to the end of the century. Researchers generally agree that a broad-based social movement supported the build-up, but disagree over the core features of the movement. Some researchers argue that it was the by-product of social discontents associated with rapid social change. Other researchers contend that the movement was…
A theory of prison riots
Government Legitimacy and Political Stability
It is generally assumed that widespread public confidence in the government is essential for political stability in the U.S. and other advanced capitalist democracies. This legitimacy-stability thesis implies that individuals with little confidence in the government would be particularly prone to support political protest. However, theoretical and empirical considerations suggest that this thesis must be revised to include a third, interacting fa…
Peasant involvement in the Cuban revolution
Existing explanations of peasant involvement in the Cuban revolution emphasise such social-psychological factors as the peasants' purported 'land hunger'. An alternative explanation focuses on the meshing of a localised landlord/squatter conflict with a state/guerrilla conflict. The case-study lends further evidence to the contention that explanations relying on social organisational factors, rather than state of mind factors, are better able to …
The State and Collective Disorders: The Los Angeles Riot/Protest of April, 1992
This article develops a theory of state response to collective disorders on two levels. First, it examines how government agencies must seek both to be accountable and to maintain administrative capacity, but increasing accountability may reduce capacity. Second, it explores a riot situation, where a public safety agency must solve three problems related to capacity: strategy (force versus diplomacy), command (level, location, and unity), and pre…
Models of the Boston Anti-Busing Movement: Polity/Mobilization and Relative Deprivation
Polity/mobilization theorists argue that social movements grow out of struggles over membership in the polity. They also maintain that group solidarity facilitates the mobilization process. Relative deprivation theorists argue that feelings of deprivation account for social movement participation. Data on the Boston anti-busing movement provide support for both theories. Based on this finding, a model is developed that incorporates both sets of f…
How Education Affects Attitude to Protest: A Further Test
In a previous study, the authors found that among whites education affected attitude to protest in four ways: by raising commitment to civil liberties; by reducing support for violence; by increasing knowledge of protest justifications; and by altering a person's position in society, hence one's interests and identifications. This study shows that the same set of forces accounts for the variability of correlations between education and protest at…
Criminology and Public Policy: Putting Theory to Work
The Workers' Movement and the Bolivian Revolution
Peasant involvement in the Cuban revolution
Existing explanations of peasant involvement in the Cuban revolution emphasise such social-psychological factors as the peasants' purported 'land hunger'. An alternative explanation focuses on the meshing of a localised landlord/squatter conflict with a state/guerrilla conflict. The case-study lends further evidence to the contention that explanations relying on social organisational factors, rather than state of mind factors, are better able to …
Government Legitimacy and Political Stability
It is generally assumed that widespread public confidence in the government is essential for political stability in the U.S. and other advanced capitalist democracies. This legitimacy-stability thesis implies that individuals with little confidence in the government would be particularly prone to support political protest. However, theoretical and empirical considerations suggest that this thesis must be revised to include a third, interacting fa…
Solidarity Model, Breakdown Model, and the Boston Anti-Busing Movement
The Workers' Movement and the Bolivian Revolution
Models of the Boston Anti-Busing Movement: Polity/Mobilization and Relative Deprivation
Polity/mobilization theorists argue that social movements grow out of struggles over membership in the polity. They also maintain that group solidarity facilitates the mobilization process. Relative deprivation theorists argue that feelings of deprivation account for social movement participation. Data on the Boston anti-busing movement provide support for both theories. Based on this finding, a model is developed that incorporates both sets of f…
Structures of Domination and Peasant Movements in Latin America
Trust in Government and the Boston Anti-Busing Movement
ACK OF government legitimacy frequently has been identified as a cause of political instability and emergence of social movements. Lipset (1959), for example, argues that a decline in legitimacy caused some West European governments to fall to fascist movements in 1930s. Similarly, Gurr (1968) maintains that low levels of legitimacy were a principal cause of political instability in 110 colonies and countries. A strong causal relationship between…
Trust in Government and the Boston Anti-Busing Movement
From Pressure Group to Social Movement: Organizational Dilemmas of the Effort to Promote Nuclear Power
Journal Article From Pressure Group to Social Movement: Organizational Dilemmas of the Effort to Promote Nuclear Power Get access Bert Useem, Bert Useem Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mayer N. Zald Mayer N. Zald Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social Problems, Volume 30, Issue 2, 1 December 1982, Pages 144–156, https://doi.org/10.2307/800514 Published…
Disorganization and the New Mexico Prison Riot of 1980
Breakdown theorists postulate that collective action results from social and increased levels of discontent. Data on the 1980 New Mexico prison riot provide support for certain aspects of this model. From 1970 to 1975, the State Penitentiary provided inmates with employment opportunities and recreational programs. These integrating activities were sharply curtailed after 1975. As a consequence, inmates experienced strong feelings of deprivation, …
Effects of Education on Attitude to Protest
We explain the variability of correlations between education and protest attitudes by specifying four processes and the conditions under which each operates. We postulate that education affects attitudes to protest by increasing commitment to civil liberties, by decreasing support for the use of violence, by increasing knowledge of the protesters' grievances, and by changing one's position in society and hence one's interests and identifications.…
A theory of prison riots
Legitimacy, Control and Prison Riots
States of Siege: U.S. Prison Riots 1971-1986
This book examines case studies of recent prison riots in five states, including the 1971 radical uprising in Attica, New York, and the infamous 1981 bloodbath at the New Mexico Penitentiary. The most extensive and detailed work yet written on US prison riots, the authors explain the occurrence and variations of riots as a reflection of the administrative breakdown of the prison system within a changing ideological context. A theoretical appendix…
States Of Siege: U.S. Prison Riots, 1971–1986
This book examines case studies of recent prison riots in five states, including the 1971 radical uprising in Attica, New York, and the infamous 1981 bloodbath at the New Mexico Penitentiary. The most extensive and detailed work yet written on US prison riots, the authors explain the occurrence and variations of riots as a reflection of the administrative breakdown of the prison system within a changing ideological context. A theoretical appendix…
How Education Affects Attitude to Protest: A Further Test
In a previous study, the authors found that among whites education affected attitude to protest in four ways: by raising commitment to civil liberties; by reducing support for violence; by increasing knowledge of protest justifications; and by altering a person's position in society, hence one's interests and identifications. This study shows that the same set of forces accounts for the variability of correlations between education and protest at…
The Penitentiary in Crisis: From Accommodation to Riot in New Mexico
Resolution of Prison Riots: Strategies and Policies
The book uses eight diverse case studies of prison riots to explore how the outcomes were affected by policies, procedures, management, communications, and strategy immediately before, during, and after the riot. Exploring the results achieved by negotiation, by force, and by simply waiting, the authors illuminate the factors most important in controlling the costs of damage and human suffering that can result from increasingly common prison dist…
Choosing a Dissertation Topic
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button
The State and Collective Disorders: The Los Angeles Riot/Protest of April, 1992
This article develops a theory of state response to collective disorders on two levels. First, it examines how government agencies must seek both to be accountable and to maintain administrative capacity, but increasing accountability may reduce capacity. Second, it explores a riot situation, where a public safety agency must solve three problems related to capacity: strategy (force versus diplomacy), command (level, location, and unity), and pre…
Resolution of Prison Riots: Strategies and Policies
Breakdown Theories of Collective Action
Historically, breakdown theory dominated the sociological study of collective action. In the 1970s, this theory was found to be increasingly unable to account for contemporaneous events and newly discovered historical facts. Resource mobilization theory displaced breakdown theory as the dominant paradigm. Yet the evidence against breakdown theory is weak once a distinction is made between routine and nonroutine collective action. Several recent c…
Collective Action in Prisons: Protests, Disturbances, and Riots
This study assesses competing explanations of inmate collective action using data from a nationwide sample of 317 adult maximum‐and medium‐security state prisons. Most previous studies have relied on data from only those prisons that have experienced riots. Hence, the conditions thought to cause collective outbursts may be equally present in prisons that did not experience such action. The current design allows for a comparison of riot and nonrio…
Prison Riots as Microrevolutions: An Extension of State-Centered Theories of Revolution
Prisons have long been used as a testing ground for social theory. This article explores the applicability of state‐centered theories of revolution to the phenomena of prison riots. Prison riots are found to have numerous features in common with revolutions, including prior administrative crises, elite (guard) alienation and divisions, and a widespread popular (prisoner) sense of injustice and grievances regarding (prison) administration actions …
Forging Social Order and Its Breakdown: Riot and Reform in U.S. Prisons
Two cases of prison reform in the 1990s had widely divergent results. New Mexico privatized several prisons and these prisons were quickly beset by multiple riots. New York's publicly run Rikers Island prison, by contrast, adopted reforms that ended many years of riots and violence. Prevailing theories of prison riots cannot account for these divergent outcomes. A state-centered theory of social order explains both cases, showing how prison admin…
Political science (37 obras) · Sociology (29 obras) · Law (24 obras) · Criminology (22 obras) · Prison (18 obras) · Politics (16 obras) · Psychology (16 obras) · Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis (15 obras) · Economics (12 obras) · Law (12 obras)