Warren Graham
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 212678 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Warren Graham |
| PRENOMES | Warren |
| SOBRENOME | Graham |
| ASSINATURA | GRAHAM W |
| AFILIAÇÕES | London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1473-5342 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 43 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 106 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 43 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1928 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
The re-emergence of a data desert for maternal survival is a serious risk amid global health funding cuts
box Severe disruptions to global health financing threaten maternal health progress by destabilising fragile health systems and reversing gains in survival
Supporting Social Work Leaders
This study explores the lived experiences of 15 women of color who hold leadership positions within nonprofit organizations (NPOs). Underpinning this inquiry is a critical feminist framework. The findings underscore significant gaps in social work supervision, particularly as they pertain to women of color in leadership positions. These gaps highlight systemic issues and point to the broader challenges these women face in receiving the guidance a…
The perfect storm
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to system-wide disruption of health services globally. We assessed the effect of the pandemic on the disruption of institutional delivery care in Nepal. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study among 52 356 women in nine hospitals to assess the disruption of institutional delivery care during the pandemic (comparing March to August in 2019 with the same months in 2020). We also conducted a nested …
Specific considerations for research on the effectiveness of multisectoral collaboration
Maternal mortality in the covid-19 pandemic
A life in death
Challenges and opportunities for infection prevention and control in hospitals in conflict-affected settings
Hospitals included in this study demonstrated how they overcame certain challenges in the face of limited resources and funding. These strategies present opportunities for learning and knowledge exchange across contexts, particularly in the face of the current global coronavirus pandemic. The findings are increasingly relevant today as they provide evidence of the fragility of IPC programmes in these settings. More research is required on tailori…
Understanding infection prevention behaviour in maternity wards
Observations and interviews suggest improvements in the ergonomic design of delivery rooms, including convenient availability of sinks, soap, hand gel, hand towels and gloves, may be a low-cost way to reduce the infection burden from poor hand hygiene
What does ‘leave no one behind’ mean for humanitarian crises-affected populations in the Covid-19 pandemic
Background Risks of hospitalized infections associated with newer biologic agents have not been well characterized in relation to risks with anti-TNF therapy, especially in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with high comorbidity burdens. Objectives To compare the risk of hospitalized infections among RA patients switching from anti-TNF therapy to rituximab (RTX), abatacept (ABA) or another anti-TNF. Methods Using data from 2002-10 from the U.S. …
Voices from the frontline
INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has substantially impacted maternity care provision worldwide. Studies based on modelling estimated large indirect effects of the pandemic on services and health outcomes. The objective of this study was to prospectively document experiences of frontline maternal and newborn healthcare providers. METHODS: We conducted a global, cross-sectional study of maternal and newborn health professionals via an online sur…
Protecting hard-won gains for mothers and newborns in low-income and middle-income countries in the face of Covid-19
The adverse impact of COVID-19 on maternal and newborn services in low-income and middle-income countries risks undermining improvements in health outcomes and care achieved over the last three decades. Alarming declines in the use of services and in the quality of care in health facilities are being reported from sources on the ground, captured rapidly and in real time using e-communication tools. Local solutions to the direct and indirect chall…
Behavioural Determinants of Hand Washing and Glove Recontamination before Aseptic Procedures at Birth
Recent research calls for distinguishing whether the failure to comply with World Health Organisation hand hygiene guidelines is driven by omitting to rub/wash hands, or subsequently recontamination of clean hands or gloves prior to a procedure. This study examined the determinants of these two behaviours. Across the 10 highest-volume labour wards in Zanzibar, we observed 103 birth attendants across 779 hand hygiene opportunities before aseptic p…
Educating the Next Generation of Human Rights Advocates and Defenders
Defending human rights requires professionals to be unrelenting in the pursuit of systemic change. It requires the collaboration of varied professions bringing together their expertise to challenge the system of domination that has led to subjugation. Interprofessional education and collaborative practice (IPE) is a powerful tool where human rights defenders and advocates from different disciplines can learn from each other and advocate for chang…
An invisible workforce
Hospital cleaning has been shown to impact on rates of healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) and good environmental hygiene is critical to quality care, yet those tasked with the role of ensuring a safe and clean environment often go unrecognised as members of the healthcare workforce. Sepsis is a leading cause of maternal and newborn death, a significant proportion of these cases are estimated to be due to HCAIs. Deliveries in health institut…
Quality maternity care for every woman, everywhere
What are the threats from antimicrobial resistance for maternity units in low- and middle- income countries
No abstract available
Hygiene on maternity units
BACKGROUND: As the proportion of deliveries in health institutions increases in low- and middle-income countries, so do the challenges of maintaining standards of hygiene and preventing healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) in mothers and babies. Adequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and infection prevention and control (IPC) in these settings should be seen as integral parts of the broader domain of quality care. Assessment approache…
The death of Black males
This conceptual article critically examines the relationship between cultural competence, oppressive practices, and micro-aggression within the field of social work and the larger community. The Council on Social Work Education requires that topics of race, power, privilege, and cultural competence be included in the graduate schools of social work it endorses. However, the impact of race, culture, class, and privilege in society and the work env…
Maternal and Infant Deaths
Do medical students want to learn about global health
BACKGROUND: One objective of the United Nations Global Strategy for Women's and Children's Health relates to ensuring a sufficiently skilled workforce. To prepare future healthcare professionals for their role in the 21st century as members of this workforce, awareness of global health is essential, but few studies have explored student perspectives on such education. The main objectives of this study were to establish the views of medical studen…
Strengthening standardised interpretation of verbal autopsy data
BACKGROUND: Verbal autopsy (VA) is the only available approach for determining the cause of many deaths, where routine certification is not in place. Therefore, it is important to use standards and methods for VA that maximise efficiency, consistency and comparability. The World Health Organization (WHO) has led the development of the 2012 WHO VA instrument as a new standard, intended both as a research tool and for routine registration of deaths…
The impact of economic recession on maternal and infant mortality
The data presented suggest that recessions do have a negative association with maternal and infant outcomes particularly in earlier stages of a country's development although the effects vary widely across different systems. Almost all of the 20 least wealthy countries have suffered a reduction of 10% or more in GDP per capita in at least one of the last five decades. The challenge for today's policy makers is the design and implementation of mec…
A practical approach to identifying maternal deaths missed from routine hospital reports
BACKGROUND: Accurate estimates of the number of maternal deaths in both the community and facility are important, in order to allocate adequate resources to address such deaths. On the other hand, current studies show that routine methods of identifying maternal deaths in facilities underestimate the number by more than one-half. OBJECTIVE: To assess the utility of a new approach to identifying maternal deaths in hospitals. METHOD: Deaths of wome…
Providing free maternal health care
BACKGROUND: There is a growing movement, globally and in the Africa region, to reduce financial barriers to health care generally, but with particular emphasis on high priority services and vulnerable groups. OBJECTIVE: This article reports on the experience of implementing a national policy to exempt women from paying for delivery care in public, mission and private health facilities in Ghana. DESIGN: Using data from a complex evaluation which w…
Development of a proxy wealth index for women utilizing emergency obstetric care in Bangladesh
There are increasing concerns regarding inequities in access to health care, and hence calls for routine data collection to improve monitoring. For many developing countries, such as Bangladesh, increasing the availability and uptake of emergency obstetric care (EmOC) is vital in improving maternal health. It is crucial, however, that women of all socio-economic status benefit from this. This paper describes the development and validation of a pr…
Estimating Maternal Mortality
This paper describes a new indirect technique for deriving population-based estimates of maternal mortality. The technique, called the "sisterhood method," is relevant to developing countries where the alternative data sources and approaches to estimation are often inadequate and inappropriate. The sisterhood method uses the proportions of adult sisters dying during pregnancy, childbirth, or the puerperium reported by adults during a census or su…
Investigating Induced Abortion in Developing Countries
Interest in abortion research is reemerging, partly as a result of political changes and partly due to evidence of the contribution of induced abortion to maternal mortality in developing countries. Information is lacking on all aspects of induced abortion, particularly methodological issues. This article reviews the methodological dilemmas encountered in previous studies, which provide useful lessons for future research on induced abortion and i…
Maternal health and the measurement trap
Contraceptive Choice and Reproductive Morbidity in Istanbul
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Istanbul to investigate the relationship between contraceptive choice and reproductive morbidity. Altogether, 918 women who had ever used any means of avoiding pregnancy were interviewed at home, and, among these, 694 parous nonpregnant women were examined by three female physicians. The women were aware of bearing a considerable burden of ill health, with 81 percent reporting at least one episode of illn…
Women's Reports of Severe (Near‐miss) Obstetric Complications in Benin
This study examines the validity of a survey instrument on near‐miss obstetric complications. Three groups of women–with severe complications, with mild complications, and with a normal delivery–were identified retrospectively in three hospitals in South Benin and interviewed at home. The concept of “near‐miss” was used to identify women with severe episodes of morbidity. The questionnaire was able to detect, with some accuracy, eclamptic fits, a…
The death of Black males
This conceptual article critically examines the relationship between cultural competence, oppressive practices, and micro-aggression within the field of social work and the larger community. The Council on Social Work Education requires that topics of race, power, privilege, and cultural competence be included in the graduate schools of social work it endorses. However, the impact of race, culture, class, and privilege in society and the work env…
Demonstrating programme impact on maternal mortality
Reducing maternal mortality if one of the primary goals of safe mother hood programmes in developing countries. Maternal mortality is not, however, a feasible outcome indicator with which to judge the success of these programmes. This is due to an unfortunate combination of obstacles to measurement--some general to assessing the mortality impact of health programmes and some peculiar to estimating maternal mortality. There is a need to promote al…
Outcomes and effectiveness in reproductive health
Measuring maternal mortality
The majority of maternal deaths in developing countries are preventable. The long overdue recognition of this tragic fact, together with the mounting evidence of the sheer magnitude of the problem, has strengthened the need to interpret these deaths from the perspective of the family. The conventional measures of maternal mortality disguise the impact of these family tragedies since they inadequately reflect the influence of the level and pattern…
Supporting Social Work Leaders
This study explores the lived experiences of 15 women of color who hold leadership positions within nonprofit organizations (NPOs). Underpinning this inquiry is a critical feminist framework. The findings underscore significant gaps in social work supervision, particularly as they pertain to women of color in leadership positions. These gaps highlight systemic issues and point to the broader challenges these women face in receiving the guidance a…
Ethics in Public Health Research
Maternal and perinatal mortality reduction has remained a priority on the international health agenda for nearly 2 decades. During this time, strategies for achieving these goals have shifted in emphasis from prevention of pregnancies to provision of care. Robust evidence is limited, particularly regarding what works best in delivering care in specific health system settings and at the population level. We describe the limited evidence base using…
An Automobile Mortality Table for 1928
Measuring maternal mortality
The majority of maternal deaths in developing countries are preventable. The long overdue recognition of this tragic fact, together with the mounting evidence of the sheer magnitude of the problem, has strengthened the need to interpret these deaths from the perspective of the family. The conventional measures of maternal mortality disguise the impact of these family tragedies since they inadequately reflect the influence of the level and pattern…
Measuring the impact of health interventions on mortality in developing countries
Measuring the mortality impact of health interventions is not straightforward; there is now ample evidence of this. So why bother? Clearly, the utility, sensibility and feasibility of measuring the mortality impact of health interventions depend on many factors, which makes it difficult to offer simple prescriptions. The failure of those demanding measurement to appreciate this has led, on the one hand, to the proliferation of largely unsubstanti…
Estimating Maternal Mortality
This paper describes a new indirect technique for deriving population-based estimates of maternal mortality. The technique, called the "sisterhood method," is relevant to developing countries where the alternative data sources and approaches to estimation are often inadequate and inappropriate. The sisterhood method uses the proportions of adult sisters dying during pregnancy, childbirth, or the puerperium reported by adults during a census or su…
Response
Investigating Induced Abortion in Developing Countries
Interest in abortion research is reemerging, partly as a result of political changes and partly due to evidence of the contribution of induced abortion to maternal mortality in developing countries. Information is lacking on all aspects of induced abortion, particularly methodological issues. This article reviews the methodological dilemmas encountered in previous studies, which provide useful lessons for future research on induced abortion and i…
Maternal health and the measurement trap
Demonstrating programme impact on maternal mortality
Reducing maternal mortality if one of the primary goals of safe mother hood programmes in developing countries. Maternal mortality is not, however, a feasible outcome indicator with which to judge the success of these programmes. This is due to an unfortunate combination of obstacles to measurement--some general to assessing the mortality impact of health programmes and some peculiar to estimating maternal mortality. There is a need to promote al…
Contraceptive Choice and Reproductive Morbidity in Istanbul
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Istanbul to investigate the relationship between contraceptive choice and reproductive morbidity. Altogether, 918 women who had ever used any means of avoiding pregnancy were interviewed at home, and, among these, 694 parous nonpregnant women were examined by three female physicians. The women were aware of bearing a considerable burden of ill health, with 81 percent reporting at least one episode of illn…
Applying the Sisterhood Method for Estimating Maternal Mortality to a Health Facility-based Sample
Background. The sisterhood method is an indirect technique used to estimate maternal mortality in developing countries, where maternal deaths are often poorly registered in official statistics. It has been used successfully in many community-based household surveys. Because such surveys can be costly, this study investigated the suitability of using data collected in outpatient health facilities. Methods. Adults visiting any one of 91 health cent…
Outcomes and effectiveness in reproductive health
Women's Reports of Severe (Near‐miss) Obstetric Complications in Benin
This study examines the validity of a survey instrument on near‐miss obstetric complications. Three groups of women–with severe complications, with mild complications, and with a normal delivery–were identified retrospectively in three hospitals in South Benin and interviewed at home. The concept of “near‐miss” was used to identify women with severe episodes of morbidity. The questionnaire was able to detect, with some accuracy, eclamptic fits, a…
The Skilled Attendance Index
Increasing the proportion of deliveries with skilled attendance is widely regarded as key to reducing maternal mortality and morbidity in developing countries. The percentage of deliveries with a health professional is commonly used to assess skilled attendance, but measures only the presence of an attendant, not the skills used or the enabling environment To supplement currently available information on the presence of an attendant at delivery, …
Maternal mortality
Strategies for reducing maternal mortality
Maternal health in poor countries
Development of a proxy wealth index for women utilizing emergency obstetric care in Bangladesh
There are increasing concerns regarding inequities in access to health care, and hence calls for routine data collection to improve monitoring. For many developing countries, such as Bangladesh, increasing the availability and uptake of emergency obstetric care (EmOC) is vital in improving maternal health. It is crucial, however, that women of all socio-economic status benefit from this. This paper describes the development and validation of a pr…
Ethics in Public Health Research
Maternal and perinatal mortality reduction has remained a priority on the international health agenda for nearly 2 decades. During this time, strategies for achieving these goals have shifted in emphasis from prevention of pregnancies to provision of care. Robust evidence is limited, particularly regarding what works best in delivering care in specific health system settings and at the population level. We describe the limited evidence base using…
Roundtable
MOTHERS are still dying during childbirth in your country. We write to you for this reason and because this is a crucial year for accelerating progress towards the Millennium Development Goal for maternal mortality - a three-quarters reduction by 2015. Over 99% of the worlds maternal deaths occur in developing countries. The women dying are in their prime of life: they are crucial to society and the economy; they sustain the next generation; they…
A practical approach to identifying maternal deaths missed from routine hospital reports
BACKGROUND: Accurate estimates of the number of maternal deaths in both the community and facility are important, in order to allocate adequate resources to address such deaths. On the other hand, current studies show that routine methods of identifying maternal deaths in facilities underestimate the number by more than one-half. OBJECTIVE: To assess the utility of a new approach to identifying maternal deaths in hospitals. METHOD: Deaths of wome…
Providing free maternal health care
BACKGROUND: There is a growing movement, globally and in the Africa region, to reduce financial barriers to health care generally, but with particular emphasis on high priority services and vulnerable groups. OBJECTIVE: This article reports on the experience of implementing a national policy to exempt women from paying for delivery care in public, mission and private health facilities in Ghana. DESIGN: Using data from a complex evaluation which w…
The impact of economic recession on maternal and infant mortality
The data presented suggest that recessions do have a negative association with maternal and infant outcomes particularly in earlier stages of a country's development although the effects vary widely across different systems. Almost all of the 20 least wealthy countries have suffered a reduction of 10% or more in GDP per capita in at least one of the last five decades. The challenge for today's policy makers is the design and implementation of mec…
Strengthening standardised interpretation of verbal autopsy data
BACKGROUND: Verbal autopsy (VA) is the only available approach for determining the cause of many deaths, where routine certification is not in place. Therefore, it is important to use standards and methods for VA that maximise efficiency, consistency and comparability. The World Health Organization (WHO) has led the development of the 2012 WHO VA instrument as a new standard, intended both as a research tool and for routine registration of deaths…
Maternal and Infant Deaths
Do medical students want to learn about global health
BACKGROUND: One objective of the United Nations Global Strategy for Women's and Children's Health relates to ensuring a sufficiently skilled workforce. To prepare future healthcare professionals for their role in the 21st century as members of this workforce, awareness of global health is essential, but few studies have explored student perspectives on such education. The main objectives of this study were to establish the views of medical studen…
Medicine (35 obras) · Global Maternal and Child Health (30 obras) · Environmental health (23 obras) · Nursing (18 obras) · Political science (17 obras) · Economic growth (16 obras) · Population (16 obras) · Economics (15 obras) · Sociology (12 obras) · Public health (11 obras)