D Hartmann
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 21479 |
|---|---|
| NOME | D Hartmann |
| PRENOMES | D |
| SOBRENOME | Hartmann |
| ASSINATURA | HARTMANN D |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Minnesota |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6436-2209 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 70 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 1293 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 70 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1996 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 17 |
Mapping and assessing racial schema in the United States
This paper applies correlational class analysis (CCA) to operationalize newer multidimensional theories of American race and racism. CCA generates three racial schematic “classes”: “traditional racialism”, “racial realism”, and “personalized multiculturalism”. These schemas are defined not by specific attitudes but underlying cognitive and cultural patterns that organize how race is apprehended. “Traditional racialism” is ordered relatively less …
Can we do without race? Some comments on Loïc Wacquant’s provocation
In Recognition of a Quarter Century of Service and Scholarship
Issue Introduction and Welcome' JSSI Spring 2025 Double-Issue
Sports, Race, Social Movements, and Social Change
An unprecedented recent wave of sport-based activism has brought renewed attention to sport as a force for racial progress and change. Researchers have investigated factors that facilitate protest, analyzed media coverage of and polarized reactions to such activism, and begun to document institutional and societal impacts. In contrast to long-standing sociological critiques, this work suggests that sport can make contributions to racial justice a…
A New Typology of Out-of-School Youth Sports in 21st Century America
Out-of-school youth sport in the United States is bigger, more varied, and more impactful than ever before. In dialogue with existing scholarship, this paper uses multisite, collaborative fieldwork to identify core elements of program variation and develop a composite typology of this organizational field. The typology is based on a distinction between “sport-focused” programs and programs oriented toward nonsport social and developmental goals. …
Retheorizing the Cultural Politics of Sport After a Decade of Activism, Populism, and Polarization
This article details three developments of the last decade that have had significant effects on the cultural status and sociopolitical functioning of sport in the United States: (1) an unprecedented wave of sport-based protest and athlete activism; (2) new norms and conventions in the sporting establishment for dealing with athletic protest and social issues, especially with respect to media coverage and commentary; and (3) recent Right-wing ethn…
Community-Engaged Scholarship and Its Implications for Public Sociology and the Discipline
This article provides an overview of research, practice, and theory in community-engaged scholarship as a means to expand our understanding of public sociology and its broader implications for sociology as a discipline. We begin with an overview of community-engaged scholarship and how it is related to and distinct from public sociology. Five main principles of community-engaged work are highlighted: (1) reciprocity and mutual benefit; (2) ethics…
Postgame Analysis
Douglas Hartmann, Alex Manning, and Kyle Green on the social significance of global sport
There's Research on That
This article draws a decade of experience editing and publishing TheSocietyPages.org , and four more years editing Contexts magazine. Both projects work to bring sociological research and insight to broader public audiences, visibility, and impact. Here we build upon Herbert Gans' original call for public sociology and his emphasis on the translation and dissemination of sociological research, insight, and context on social issues and problems fo…
Ethnonationalist Engagements, Historic Norms, and the Politics of Sport in American Culture
Activism and political mobilization in and around the athletic world in the last decade have given rise to a renewed interest in the relationships among sport, politics, and social change. Much of the analysis so far has been driven by public reception of left-leaning activism; curiously missing from these discussions, however, has been the impact of more conservative and populist engagements. This article takes up that topic by examining the way…
The Ever-Expanding Movement of Public Sociology
Assessing and Extending Colorblind Racism Theory Using National Survey Data
Eduardo Bonilla-Silva’s work on colorblind racism has become a prominent theoretical framework for analyzing racial attitudes, ideologies, and discourses in the contemporary United States. However, the scholarship has yet to produce an empirically rigorous, quantitative assessment of colorblind racism to document the theory’s generalizability and assess it as a theory of racial attitudes. In this article, we build upon the rich body of qualitativ…
Diversity Discourse as Racialized and Double-edged
The keyword diversity is common in contemporary U.S. culture, but it can refer to many forms of difference; questions remain about the meaning and consequences of “diversity,” especially regarding whether this concept is commonly recognized in the American imagination and how diversity discourse relates to racial hierarchy in the United States. We use nationally representative survey data to address these questions through a critical race theory …
Race, ethnicity, and the incorporation experiences of Hmong American young adults
Through the lens of racialized incorporation, this paper draws upon three decades of surveys and interviews to analyze the initial experiences of young adult Hmong migrants in the United States. The first part describes the aspirations and understandings of these young adults as adolescents (circa 1989-1994). Early in resettlement, they, like their parents, stressed education and mobility; however, in contrast to traditional assimilation theory a…
The Performance and Reception of Race-Based Athletic Activism
The emergence of an unprecedented wave of race-based athletic activism in the last decade presents the opportunity to formulate a more critical, cultural theory of the significance and socio-political function of sport in contemporary life. We begin by centering athlete agency and highlighting the distinctive performative, communicative, and symbolic opportunities that sport affords. However, athletic activism and social messaging are also struct…
The sociology of white America
Torkelson, J., & Hartmann, D. (2021). The heart of whiteness: On the study of whiteness and White Americans. Sociology Compass, e12932. https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12932 A new era of polarization, identity awareness, and emboldened supremacist movements has focused renewed attention on the cultural orientations and political preferences of white Americans, as well as the boundaries of whiteness itself. Although the shapes of white America have l…
What media coverage of the 1968 Olympic protests reveals about the deep structure of attitudes about athletic activism in the United States
How do cultural norms, ideologies, and beliefs shape public opinion and media framing of race-based athletic activism? This paper uses media coverage of and commentary on the 1968 American ‘revolt of the Black athlete’ to explicate the deep cultural structures that help explain both support and opposition. The paper begins with a brief, schematic overview of the proposal for a Black Olympic boycott that was the centrepiece of 1968 organising and …
The Method of Democracy
Does Protest 'Distract' Athletes From Performing? Evidence From the National Anthem Demonstrations in the National Football League
While there is a long tradition of activism within sport, a popular criticism of athlete protest is that it is a 'distraction' that hinders on-field performance. The widespread demonstrations against racial injustice in 2017 among players in the National Football League (NFL) provided an opportunity to test this 'distraction hypothesis.' Using data drawn from multiple sources, we first explored which factors predicted player protest, finding that…
Sense of Origins
The heart of whiteness
From the nation's first non‐white President, to prevalent narratives of demographic change, a surging reactionary Right and emerging social awareness of white identity, the social context in which white Americans relate to whiteness and white privilege has changed since the early 1990s foundations of whiteness studies. In this article we review work on white Americans and whiteness generally to grapple with their (dis)positions within, and provid…
The Racialization of Ethnicity
In his landmark work, Richard Alba predicted that white ethnicity would fade into its twilight in the twenty-first century. Where direct inquiries into American white ethnicity have been scant since the millennium's turn, the authors use recently collected (2014), nationally representative survey data to systematically assess "postmillennial" white ethnic identification. In particular, the authors explore the prevalence of whites identifying with…
The New Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere
Set against the background of mid-twentieth-century institutional changes analyzed by Jürgen Habermas, we provide an account of new social conditions that compose 'the public sphere' in the contemporary United States. First, we review recent developments in theorizing the public sphere, arguing they benefit from renewed attention to institutional changes in how that sphere operates. Second, we identify and summarize three lines of recent sociolog…
Racial, Religious, and Civic Dimensions of Anti-Muslim Sentiment in America
This paper examines anti-Muslim sentiment in America. Existing research has documented rising hostility to Muslims in Western countries, but has been much less clear about what drives such sentiments or exactly what sort of 'other' Muslims are understood to be. Our interest is in the cultural construction of Muslims as a problematic or incompatible 'other.' We explore the extent, content, and correlates of such views. Building from recent work in…
"Atheists As "Other
Despite the declining salience of divisions among religious groups, the boundary between believers and nonbelievers in America remains strong. This article examines the limits of Americans' acceptance of atheists. Using new national survey data, it shows atheists are less likely to be accepted, publicly and privately, than any others from a long list of ethnic, religious, and other minority groups. This distrust of atheists is driven by religious…
Diversity in Everyday Discourse
Few words in the current American lexicon are as ubiquitous and ostensibly uplifting as diversity. The actual meanings and functions of the term, however, are difficult to pinpoint. In this article we use in-depth interviews conducted in four major metropolitan areas to explore popular conceptions of diversity. Although most Americans respond positively at first, our interviews reveal that their actual understandings are undeveloped and often con…
Sport and Development
Development' has become both a watchword and a fascination in sporting circles worldwide. Yet sport officials, policy makers, and advocates often have relatively unsophisticated understandings of development and the role of sport therein. This can result in programs and initiatives that are unfocused, ineffective, or even counterproductive. Drawing on critical theory and informed by our own research on sport-based social programs, the authors att…
Dealing with Diversity
Since the 1960s, a variety of new ways of addressing the challenges of diversity in American society have coalesced around the term 'multiculturalism.' In this article, we impose some clarity on the theoretical debates that surround divergent visions of difference. Rethinking multiculturalism from a sociological point of view, we propose a model that distinguishes between the social (associational) and cultural (moral) bases for social cohesion i…
Rethinking the Relationships between Sport and Race in American Culture
This article proposes a new way of thinking about the relationships between sport and race in the U.S. It is critical of sport’s racial form and function but does not overlook its unique and potentially progressive characteristics. This theoretical framework is generated through an extended review and critique of longstanding popular beliefs and post-1970s scholarly critiques thereof. It draws most heavily from the latter but also argues that aca…
An Empirical Assessment of Whiteness Theory
This paper employs data from a recent national survey to offer an empirical assessment of core theoretical tenets of whiteness studies. Using survey items developed explicitly for this purpose, we analyze three specific propositions relating to whites' awareness and conception of their own racial status: the invisibility of white identity; the understanding (or lack thereof) of racial privileges; and adherence to individualistic, color-blind idea…
Critical Whiteness Theories and the Evangelical 'Race Problem
In their 2000 book,Divided by Faith,Michael Emerson and Christian Smith use the case of evangelical Christians to demonstrate how uncompromising individualist ideals get in the way of clear thinking and decisive action about racial inequalities in contemporary American society. We use insights developed from whiteness studies and critical race theory to sharpen and further extend this analysis. More specifically, we suggest: (1) that anti-black s…
Racial, Religious, and Civic Dimensions of Anti-Muslim Sentiment in America
This paper examines anti-Muslim sentiment in America. Existing research has documented rising hostility to Muslims in Western countries, but has been much less clear about what drives such sentiments or exactly what sort of 'other' Muslims are understood to be. Our interest is in the cultural construction of Muslims as a problematic or incompatible 'other.' We explore the extent, content, and correlates of such views. Building from recent work in…
Notes on Midnight Basketball and the Cultural Politics of Recreation, Race, and At-Risk Urban Youth
A decade ago, dozens of American cities began to organize late-night basketball leagues for young men in mostly minority, inner-city neighborhoods. These so-called midnight basketball leagues initially enjoyed widespread public support; however, in the mid-1990s, they became the focus of intense controversy and debate. This article offers a grounded, critical overview. Midnight basketball is first described as part of the “social problems industr…
Rush Limbaugh, Donovan McNabb, and 'A Little Social Concern
This article offers an interpretative case study of the controversy that surrounded Rush Limbaugh's comments about Philadelphia Eagles quarterback Donovan McNabb near the beginning of the 2003 National Football League season. Informed by critical race theory, the analysis argues that Limbaugh's remarks were a textbook example of how the rhetoric of Whiteness operates to assert the cultural normativity of the dominant group and legitimate its priv…
Colorblindness in Black and White
The concept of colorblind racism has been developed in recent years to explain racial attitudes held by white Americans in the post-civil rights era. The authors use data from a new nationally representative survey with an oversample of black Americans to investigate the prevalence of core elements of colorblind ideology and to see the extent to which both black and white Americans adhere to three core dimensions of colorblindness theory: (1) abs…
Beyond the sporting boundary
Sport is among the most potent institutions in the production, maintenance and contestation of race in the modern world. The last decade has witnessed a significant increase of sport-based research on the cutting edge of theorizing race and racism in the post-civil rights, post-colonial era. Nonetheless, the study of sport has yet to be seriously engaged by mainstream social scientists. This paper argues that sport scholars need to better demonst…
Rethinking Sports-Based Community Crime Prevention
The authors conducted a preliminary empirical test of the claim-dismissed by most scholars-that midnight basketball programs lower city-level crime rates. Results show cities that were early adopters of officially sanctioned midnight basketball leagues experienced sharper decreases in property crime rates than other American cities during a period in which there was broad support for midnight basketball programs. Although likely associated with a…
The politics of race and sport
Using the case of the African American Olympic protest movement that grew out of the crisis of the civil rights struggle in the late 1960s, this article is an attempt to argue that work involving identity, culture and popular culture is crucial to the study of race and ethnicity in the contemporary world. A reconstruction of this movement demonstrates, first of all, how a cultural arena like sport can make it possible for otherwise powerless raci…
Colorblindness as Identity
Colorblindness is often conceptualized as a set of deeply held but unrecognized ideological tenets. However, we believe that colorblindness has also now become an explicit cultural discourse involving self-conscious claims and specific convictions. To illustrate this point-which has both conceptual and empirical implications-we introduce the notion of colorblindness as identity. We define this concept as subjectively meaningful, self-asserted ide…
Sociology and Its Publics
This article outlines how sociologists can and do engage a range of general, nonacademic public audiences, organizations, and interests. It begins with a discussion and critique of the notion of public sociology that emerged from Michael Burawoy’s 2004 American Sociological Association (ASA) presidency and draws upon recent commentaries and classical theories to formulate a more pluralist vision of sociology’s publics. The article concludes by ar…
Reassessing the Relationship Between High School Sports Participation and Deviance
Despite its longstanding popular appeal, the idea that athletic activity is a deterrent to crime and delinquency suffers from a distinct lack of empirical support. This paper tests the hypotheses that the relationship between high school sports participation and deviance varies by both type of deviant behavior and level of athletic involvement. The analysis is based upon longitudinal data focusing on the effects of involvement in high school spor…
White ethnicity in twenty-first-century America
The 1980s and early 1990s witnessed a great deal of research on white ethnicity. Yet since this time, few systematic empirical studies of white ethnicity have emerged. This paper uses data from a recent nationally representative survey of Americans to (re)assess white ethnicity in the twenty-first century. Three primary areas are explored: (1) the pervasiveness and salience of ethnic claims among white Americans; (2) the social and demographic ch…
How Americans Understand Racial and Religious Differences
How can we better conceptualize attitudes about difference in an increasingly diverse, multicultural United States? This article uses data from a recent, nationally representative telephone survey with oversamples of African Americans and Hispanics to analyze attitudes about two prominent sources of distinction in the United States. Race and religion were selected because they tend to be understood in very different ways—race as a social problem,…
Retheorizing the Cultural Politics of Sport After a Decade of Activism, Populism, and Polarization
This article details three developments of the last decade that have had significant effects on the cultural status and sociopolitical functioning of sport in the United States: (1) an unprecedented wave of sport-based protest and athlete activism; (2) new norms and conventions in the sporting establishment for dealing with athletic protest and social issues, especially with respect to media coverage and commentary; and (3) recent Right-wing ethn…
The heart of whiteness
From the nation's first non‐white President, to prevalent narratives of demographic change, a surging reactionary Right and emerging social awareness of white identity, the social context in which white Americans relate to whiteness and white privilege has changed since the early 1990s foundations of whiteness studies. In this article we review work on white Americans and whiteness generally to grapple with their (dis)positions within, and provid…
The Olympic “Revolt” of 1968 and its Lessons for Contemporary African American Athletic Activism
This overview of the 1968 African American Olympic protest movement provides historical context and a comparative touchstone for understanding the current wave of Black athletic activism in the United States. At a basic level, the exercise reminds us that sport-based activism is not unprecedented and, when it emerges, tends to be connected with the larger social movements of the day (the Civil Rights movement in the 1960s and Black Lives Matter m…
The Performance and Reception of Race-Based Athletic Activism
The emergence of an unprecedented wave of race-based athletic activism in the last decade presents the opportunity to formulate a more critical, cultural theory of the significance and socio-political function of sport in contemporary life. We begin by centering athlete agency and highlighting the distinctive performative, communicative, and symbolic opportunities that sport affords. However, athletic activism and social messaging are also struct…
The New Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere
Set against the background of mid-twentieth-century institutional changes analyzed by Jürgen Habermas, we provide an account of new social conditions that compose 'the public sphere' in the contemporary United States. First, we review recent developments in theorizing the public sphere, arguing they benefit from renewed attention to institutional changes in how that sphere operates. Second, we identify and summarize three lines of recent sociolog…
Midnight Basketball and The 1994 Crime Bill Debates
This study examines the symbolic politics associated with the adoption of the omnibus $30 billion federal crime bill of 1994. Based upon critical race theory and close readings of Congressional hearings and print media coverage, we argue that race was the key to midnight basketball's prominence in the legislative debates and that its introduction ultimately reduced prevention-oriented provisions included in the final legislation. The central empi…
The politics of race and sport
Using the case of the African American Olympic protest movement that grew out of the crisis of the civil rights struggle in the late 1960s, this article is an attempt to argue that work involving identity, culture and popular culture is crucial to the study of race and ethnicity in the contemporary world. A reconstruction of this movement demonstrates, first of all, how a cultural arena like sport can make it possible for otherwise powerless raci…
The Order of Rituals
To those still accustomed to seeing social order depicted in classes, strata, central groups, or institutions, and who measure and classify the social world according to centers and margins, modern society presents itself as ambiguous and unmanageable. This is not unprecedented. Human societies often discover themselves in situations in which the traditional grids of order and stratification lose their value and fail to serve as guideposts for in…
Rethinking the Relationships between Sport and Race in American Culture
This article proposes a new way of thinking about the relationships between sport and race in the U.S. It is critical of sport’s racial form and function but does not overlook its unique and potentially progressive characteristics. This theoretical framework is generated through an extended review and critique of longstanding popular beliefs and post-1970s scholarly critiques thereof. It draws most heavily from the latter but also argues that aca…
Racism
Notes on Midnight Basketball and the Cultural Politics of Recreation, Race, and At-Risk Urban Youth
A decade ago, dozens of American cities began to organize late-night basketball leagues for young men in mostly minority, inner-city neighborhoods. These so-called midnight basketball leagues initially enjoyed widespread public support; however, in the mid-1990s, they became the focus of intense controversy and debate. This article offers a grounded, critical overview. Midnight basketball is first described as part of the “social problems industr…
American Project
What can we learn from sport if we take sport seriously as a racial force? Lessons from C. L. R. James's Beyond a Boundary
This article uses C. L. R. James's classic autobiographical study of cricket, Beyond a Boundary (1963/1983), to contribute to a fuller theory of the social force of sport as it pertains to race and ethnicity. Three aspects of the theoretical architecture embedded in this masterpiece of cultural criticism are highlighted: (1) the popularity and symbolic significance of sport in contemporary societies; (2) the cultural capital that sport provides f…
The race relations “Problematic” in American sociology
Dealing with Diversity
Since the 1960s, a variety of new ways of addressing the challenges of diversity in American society have coalesced around the term 'multiculturalism.' In this article, we impose some clarity on the theoretical debates that surround divergent visions of difference. Rethinking multiculturalism from a sociological point of view, we propose a model that distinguishes between the social (associational) and cultural (moral) bases for social cohesion i…
Over the Edge
"Atheists As "Other
Despite the declining salience of divisions among religious groups, the boundary between believers and nonbelievers in America remains strong. This article examines the limits of Americans' acceptance of atheists. Using new national survey data, it shows atheists are less likely to be accepted, publicly and privately, than any others from a long list of ethnic, religious, and other minority groups. This distrust of atheists is driven by religious…
Rethinking Sports-Based Community Crime Prevention
The authors conducted a preliminary empirical test of the claim-dismissed by most scholars-that midnight basketball programs lower city-level crime rates. Results show cities that were early adopters of officially sanctioned midnight basketball leagues experienced sharper decreases in property crime rates than other American cities during a period in which there was broad support for midnight basketball programs. Although likely associated with a…
Diversity in Everyday Discourse
Few words in the current American lexicon are as ubiquitous and ostensibly uplifting as diversity. The actual meanings and functions of the term, however, are difficult to pinpoint. In this article we use in-depth interviews conducted in four major metropolitan areas to explore popular conceptions of diversity. Although most Americans respond positively at first, our interviews reveal that their actual understandings are undeveloped and often con…
Rush Limbaugh, Donovan McNabb, and 'A Little Social Concern
This article offers an interpretative case study of the controversy that surrounded Rush Limbaugh's comments about Philadelphia Eagles quarterback Donovan McNabb near the beginning of the 2003 National Football League season. Informed by critical race theory, the analysis argues that Limbaugh's remarks were a textbook example of how the rhetoric of Whiteness operates to assert the cultural normativity of the dominant group and legitimate its priv…
Reassessing the Relationship Between High School Sports Participation and Deviance
Despite its longstanding popular appeal, the idea that athletic activity is a deterrent to crime and delinquency suffers from a distinct lack of empirical support. This paper tests the hypotheses that the relationship between high school sports participation and deviance varies by both type of deviant behavior and level of athletic involvement. The analysis is based upon longitudinal data focusing on the effects of involvement in high school spor…
Midnight Basketball and The 1994 Crime Bill Debates
This study examines the symbolic politics associated with the adoption of the omnibus $30 billion federal crime bill of 1994. Based upon critical race theory and close readings of Congressional hearings and print media coverage, we argue that race was the key to midnight basketball's prominence in the legislative debates and that its introduction ultimately reduced prevention-oriented provisions included in the final legislation. The central empi…
Critical Whiteness Theories and the Evangelical 'Race Problem
In their 2000 book,Divided by Faith,Michael Emerson and Christian Smith use the case of evangelical Christians to demonstrate how uncompromising individualist ideals get in the way of clear thinking and decisive action about racial inequalities in contemporary American society. We use insights developed from whiteness studies and critical race theory to sharpen and further extend this analysis. More specifically, we suggest: (1) that anti-black s…
An Empirical Assessment of Whiteness Theory
This paper employs data from a recent national survey to offer an empirical assessment of core theoretical tenets of whiteness studies. Using survey items developed explicitly for this purpose, we analyze three specific propositions relating to whites' awareness and conception of their own racial status: the invisibility of white identity; the understanding (or lack thereof) of racial privileges; and adherence to individualistic, color-blind idea…
Living Through the Hoop
Black Men Can't Shoot
White ethnicity in twenty-first-century America
The 1980s and early 1990s witnessed a great deal of research on white ethnicity. Yet since this time, few systematic empirical studies of white ethnicity have emerged. This paper uses data from a recent nationally representative survey of Americans to (re)assess white ethnicity in the twenty-first century. Three primary areas are explored: (1) the pervasiveness and salience of ethnic claims among white Americans; (2) the social and demographic ch…
The attitudes and opinions of high school sports participants
Sport scholars and public commentators have long held both positive and critical opinions about the influence of athletic involvement on participants and their perceptions of the social world. Yet for all of the strong claims and deeply held assumptions, relatively little empirical data or social scientific analysis have been available. This study begins to address this deficiency using new data from a nationally representative survey of American…
The Complexities of Blurred Color Lines
>> Social scientists are loath to make predictions. They are even less likely—and in some cases constitutionally unable—to involve themselves in the practical implications and interpretations of their research. These orientations are unfortunate. People outside of the ivory tower are usually less interested in our descriptions and analyses of the social world than with how they can use our work to inform their actions and (possibly even) make the…
Sport and Development
Development' has become both a watchword and a fascination in sporting circles worldwide. Yet sport officials, policy makers, and advocates often have relatively unsophisticated understandings of development and the role of sport therein. This can result in programs and initiatives that are unfocused, ineffective, or even counterproductive. Drawing on critical theory and informed by our own research on sport-based social programs, the authors att…
How Americans Understand Racial and Religious Differences
How can we better conceptualize attitudes about difference in an increasingly diverse, multicultural United States? This article uses data from a recent, nationally representative telephone survey with oversamples of African Americans and Hispanics to analyze attitudes about two prominent sources of distinction in the United States. Race and religion were selected because they tend to be understood in very different ways—race as a social problem,…
Sociology (60 obras) · Political science (49 obras) · Law (40 obras) · Gender Studies (35 obras) · Law (26 obras) · Gender Studies (25 obras) · Politics (25 obras) · Psychology (21 obras) · Sport and Mega-Event Impacts (21 obras) · Sports, Gender, and Society (20 obras)