Naomi Breslau
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 216013 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Naomi Breslau |
| PRENOMES | Naomi |
| SOBRENOME | Breslau |
| ASSINATURA | BRESLAU N |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Case Western Reserve University |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 35 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 84 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 35 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1966 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2011 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
Race/ethnic differences in exposure to traumatic events, development of post-traumatic stress disorder, and treatment-seeking for post-traumatic stress disorder in the United States
Background To identify sources of race/ethnic differences related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), we compared trauma exposure, risk for PTSD among those exposed to trauma, and treatment-seeking among Whites, Blacks, Hispanics and Asians in the US general population. Method Data from structured diagnostic interviews with 34 653 adult respondents to the 2004–2005 wave of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions …
The Epidemiology of Trauma, PTSD, and Other Posttrauma Disorders
Epidemiologic studies have reported that the majority of community residents in the United States have experienced posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)—level traumatic events, as defined in the DSM-IV. Only a small subset of trauma victims develops PTSD (
Tobacco use and cessation in psychiatric disorders
The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) convened a meeting in September 2005 to review tobacco use and dependence and smoking cessation among those with mental disorders, especially individuals with anxiety disorders, depression, or schizophrenia. Smoking rates are exceptionally high among these individuals and contribute to the high rates of medical morbidity and mortality in these individuals. Numerous biological, psychological, and soci…
The association of insomnia with anxiety disorders and depression
Trauma Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Short Screening Scale for DSM-IV Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
OBJECTIVE: The authors' goal was to construct a short screening scale for DSM-IV posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHOD: They used data from the Detroit Area Survey of Trauma, which is a representative population sample of 2,181 subjects 18-45 years of age. Random digit dialing was used to select the sample, and a computer-assisted telephone interview was used to collect data on traumatic experiences and PTSD. Presence or absence of PTSD wa…
Previous Exposure to Trauma and PTSD Effects of Subsequent Trauma
Previous exposure to trauma signals a greater risk of PTSD from subsequent trauma. Although these results are consistent with a sensitization hypothesis, like the results from previous research on PTSD, they do not address the mechanism of increased responsivity to trauma. Long-term observational studies can further elucidate these observations.
Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the Community
BACKGROUND: The study estimates the relative importance of specific types of traumas experienced in the community in terms of their prevalence and risk of leading to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHODS: A representative sample of 2181 persons in the Detroit area aged 18 to 45 years were interviewed by telephone to assess the lifetime history of traumatic events and PTSD, according to DSM-IV. Posttraumatic stress disorder was assessed wi…
Daytime sleepiness
OBJECTIVES: Although excessive daytime sleepiness is associated with increased risks for accidents, decreased productivity, and interpersonal difficulties, information on its epidemiology is scarce. This paper examines correlates of and suspected risk factors for daytime sleepiness from a longitudinal epidemiological study of young adults. METHODS: The sample consisted of 1007 randomly selected young adults from a large health maintenance organiz…
Sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders
Nicotine dependence versus smoking prevalence
Successful tobacco control may result in a higher dependence among the remaining smokers (due to selective quitting by low-dependent smokers). The remaining highly dependent smokers may need more intensive treatment
Smoking cessation in young adults
OBJECTIVES. Previous research has suggested that early smoking initiation predicts longer duration of smoking, heavier daily consumption, and increased chances of nicotine dependence. This report set out to estimate the relationship between smoking cessation and age of initiation, as well as nicotine dependence, sex, race, and education. METHODS. A sample of 1007 young adults was randomly selected from a large health maintenance organization in s…
Are smokers with alcohol disorders less likely to quit
OBJECTIVES. This study examined the likelihood of smoking cessation in smokers with a prior history of alcoholism. METHODS. Data came from an epidemiologic study of 1007 young adults, randomly selected from those insured in a large health maintenance organization (HMO) in southeast Michigan. Cox proportional hazards models with time-dependent covariates were used to estimate the hazards ratios of quitting in smokers with current and past alcoholi…
Alcohol Disorders in Young Adulthood
Using data gathered prospectively, the authors examined whether transitions in two major adult social roles, marriage and parenthood, influence the risk of developing (1) DSM-III-R alcohol disorder and (2) symptoms of alcohol disorder. Additionally, the potential impact of these transitions on persistence of alcohol disorder was examined. In the study, 1,007 members (21 to 30 years old) of a large health maintenance organization located in southe…
Maternal smoking among blacks and whites
Traumatic Events and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in an Urban Population of Young Adults
To ascertain the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and risk factors associated with it, we studied a random sample of 1007 young adults from a large health maintenance organization in the Detroit, Mich, area. The lifetime prevalence of exposure to traumatic events was 39.1%. The rate of PTSD in those who were exposed was 23.6%, yielding a lifetime prevalence in the sample of 9.2%. Persons with PTSD were at increased risk for othe…
Abortion of Defective Fetuses
A sample of mothers of children with cystic fibrosis, cerebral palsy, myelodysplasia, and multiple physical handicaps (n = 310) was compared to a probability sample of mothers of children free of disabilities (n = 357) on their attitudes toward the availability of legal abortion. Mothers were asked whether or not they approve of abortion for six reasons, among them the strong probability of a defective fetus. The responses of mothers of congenita…
Change in Student Physicians' Views on Authority Relationships with Patients
Bebe Lavin, Marie Haug, Linda Liska Belgrave, Naomi Breslau, Change in Student Physicians' Views on Authority Relationships with Patients, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 28, No. 3 (Sep., 1987), pp. 258-272
Use of Health Services by Chronically Ill and Disabled Children
Hospitalization and use of outpatient health care services during a 1-year period by 369 pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis, cerebral palsy, myelodysplasia, or multiple physical handicaps and 456 randomly selected children without congenital conditions from the Cleveland area were examined. Use of hospitalization and outpatient services by the average chronically ill or disabled child was 10 times that of the average comparison child. Physic…
DRGs and the Practice of Psychiatry
1Cleveland Veterans Administration Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University 2Case Western Reserve University
A Statement From the Editors
Neuhauser, Duncan PhD1; Breslau, Naomi PhD2; Haug, Marie PhD3; Cohen, David I. MD4 Author Information
Care of Disabled Children and Women??s Time Use
Previous research has estimated the effect of children's health care needs on women's market and nonmarket roles. This article reports the results of a study on the impact of health care for disabled children on women's nonmarket work. (Effects on women's market work are reported elsewhere.) Data from 369 families of disabled children and 456 randomly selected families were analyzed. Disabled children increase the time spent in household work by …
Continuity Reexamined
The satisfaction with medical care of families with disabled children and of randomly selected families is compared to test the hypothesis that the impact of continuity of physician on parental satisfaction is greater when disabled children are patients than is the case among the general population of children. A multiple regression approach for the study of interaction was used. The results provide general confirmation for the hypothesis that th…
Women's Labor Force Activity and Responsibilities for Disabled Dependents
Naomi Breslau, David Salkever, Kathleen S. Staruch, Women's Labor Force Activity and Responsibilities for Disabled Dependents: A Study of Families with Disabled Children, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 23, No. 2 (Jun., 1982), pp. 169-183
What Do Patient Statements Regarding Doctors and Medical Care Signify
Department of Epidemiology and Community Health Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland, Ohio
Smoking cessation in young adults
OBJECTIVES. Previous research has suggested that early smoking initiation predicts longer duration of smoking, heavier daily consumption, and increased chances of nicotine dependence. This report set out to estimate the relationship between smoking cessation and age of initiation, as well as nicotine dependence, sex, race, and education. METHODS. A sample of 1007 young adults was randomly selected from a large health maintenance organization in s…
Alcohol Disorders in Young Adulthood
Using data gathered prospectively, the authors examined whether transitions in two major adult social roles, marriage and parenthood, influence the risk of developing (1) DSM-III-R alcohol disorder and (2) symptoms of alcohol disorder. Additionally, the potential impact of these transitions on persistence of alcohol disorder was examined. In the study, 1,007 members (21 to 30 years old) of a large health maintenance organization located in southe…
Women's Labor Force Activity and Responsibilities for Disabled Dependents
Naomi Breslau, David Salkever, Kathleen S. Staruch, Women's Labor Force Activity and Responsibilities for Disabled Dependents: A Study of Families with Disabled Children, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 23, No. 2 (Jun., 1982), pp. 169-183
Maternal smoking among blacks and whites
Service Delivery Structure and Continuity of Care
The effects of the reorganization of a medical practice on continuity of care were investigated in a case study of a changing pediatric practice. Continuity, which has often been conceptualized as one indicator of quality of care, was measured by an index of which the numerator was the number of visits with own pediatrician and the denominator was the total number of pediatric visits for the year. Increased number of pediatricians and incorporati…
Change in Student Physicians' Views on Authority Relationships with Patients
Bebe Lavin, Marie Haug, Linda Liska Belgrave, Naomi Breslau, Change in Student Physicians' Views on Authority Relationships with Patients, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 28, No. 3 (Sep., 1987), pp. 258-272
Daytime sleepiness
OBJECTIVES: Although excessive daytime sleepiness is associated with increased risks for accidents, decreased productivity, and interpersonal difficulties, information on its epidemiology is scarce. This paper examines correlates of and suspected risk factors for daytime sleepiness from a longitudinal epidemiological study of young adults. METHODS: The sample consisted of 1007 randomly selected young adults from a large health maintenance organiz…
Are smokers with alcohol disorders less likely to quit
OBJECTIVES. This study examined the likelihood of smoking cessation in smokers with a prior history of alcoholism. METHODS. Data came from an epidemiologic study of 1007 young adults, randomly selected from those insured in a large health maintenance organization (HMO) in southeast Michigan. Cox proportional hazards models with time-dependent covariates were used to estimate the hazards ratios of quitting in smokers with current and past alcoholi…
Correlates of Physicians' Task Delegation in Primary Care
Empirical evidence does not support the claim that task delegation to nonphysicians is greater in large medical organizations than in small office practices. Can the behavior of physicians in these organizations be explained through reference to professional attitudes? This paper reports a study which examined simultaneously two sets of variables as predictors of physicians' delegation behavior: (I) paramedical resources available in the organiza…
A Guttman Health Scale for the Aged
Irving Rosow, Ph.D., Naomi Breslau, M.A.; A Guttman Health Scale for the Aged1, Journal of Gerontology, Volume 21, Issue 4, 1 October 1966, Pages 556–559
Comprehensive Pediatric Care
Two meanings of the term comprehensive care are delineated. The first refers to a wide scope of health services, the second to a humanistic approach to the patient. Findings from a sample of patients from one pediatric practice suggest that the two meanings constitute two independent variables with respect to patient expeciations. Patient responses to questions regarding their expectations of the pediatrician revealed a tendency to hold a traditi…
Service Delivery Structure and Continuity of Care
The effects of the reorganization of a medical practice on continuity of care were investigated in a case study of a changing pediatric practice. Continuity, which has often been conceptualized as one indicator of quality of care, was measured by an index of which the numerator was the number of visits with own pediatrician and the denominator was the total number of pediatric visits for the year. Increased number of pediatricians and incorporati…
The Role of the Nurse-Practitioner in a Pediatric Team
Patient conceptions and evaluations of the nurse-practitioner role were explored in a random sample of families who attended a pediatric office team comprising a pediatrician and a nurse-practitioner. Patients do not perceive the nurse to have expertise in an exclusive domain of health problems. Thus, the majority of patients do not consider her addition to the office to have improved on the doctor services. Although many patients took advantage …
Response to Dr. Barnett and Ms. Murphy
Associate Professor of Sociology, Department of Community Health, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
Work Settings and Job Satisfaction
This paper examines job satisfaction of primary care physicians and paramedical personnel in traditional office practices and in modern medical organizations. A series of two-way analyses of variance using work settings and occupational level as independent variables showed consistent effects of setting on job satisfaction. In modern organizational settings satisfaction with the work activity, with coworkers, and with income was lower than in tra…
Response to Dr. Davidson
Assistant Professor of Sociology, Department of Community Health, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
Correlates of Physicians' Task Delegation in Primary Care
Empirical evidence does not support the claim that task delegation to nonphysicians is greater in large medical organizations than in small office practices. Can the behavior of physicians in these organizations be explained through reference to professional attitudes? This paper reports a study which examined simultaneously two sets of variables as predictors of physicians' delegation behavior: (I) paramedical resources available in the organiza…
Public Attitudes toward Some Changes in the Division of Labor in Medicine
This study examined public attitudes toward the delegation of medical tasks to nonphysician health workers. Data were obtained in household interviews of a probability sample of the adult residents of Cuyahoga County, Ohio (N = 808). The proportions of the sample giving approval to care from nonphysicians varied widely among the 18 tasks on which opinions were elicited. The results of the public survey were compared to those from an earlier natio…
What Do Patient Statements Regarding Doctors and Medical Care Signify
Department of Epidemiology and Community Health Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland, Ohio
Seeing the Same Doctor
The effect of continuity of physician on satisfaction with medical care was examined in a sample of 370 families of disabled children receiving care from four specialty clinics of teaching hospitals. Families of children with myelodysplasia, cystic fibrosis (CF), cerebral palsy and multiple physical handicaps were included. A comparison of scores on the eight scales of the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire across the four clinics revealed marked…
Continuity Reexamined
The satisfaction with medical care of families with disabled children and of randomly selected families is compared to test the hypothesis that the impact of continuity of physician on parental satisfaction is greater when disabled children are patients than is the case among the general population of children. A multiple regression approach for the study of interaction was used. The results provide general confirmation for the hypothesis that th…
Women's Labor Force Activity and Responsibilities for Disabled Dependents
Naomi Breslau, David Salkever, Kathleen S. Staruch, Women's Labor Force Activity and Responsibilities for Disabled Dependents: A Study of Families with Disabled Children, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 23, No. 2 (Jun., 1982), pp. 169-183
A Statement From the Editors
Neuhauser, Duncan PhD1; Breslau, Naomi PhD2; Haug, Marie PhD3; Cohen, David I. MD4 Author Information
Care of Disabled Children and Women??s Time Use
Previous research has estimated the effect of children's health care needs on women's market and nonmarket roles. This article reports the results of a study on the impact of health care for disabled children on women's nonmarket work. (Effects on women's market work are reported elsewhere.) Data from 369 families of disabled children and 456 randomly selected families were analyzed. Disabled children increase the time spent in household work by …
Use of Health Services by Chronically Ill and Disabled Children
Hospitalization and use of outpatient health care services during a 1-year period by 369 pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis, cerebral palsy, myelodysplasia, or multiple physical handicaps and 456 randomly selected children without congenital conditions from the Cleveland area were examined. Use of hospitalization and outpatient services by the average chronically ill or disabled child was 10 times that of the average comparison child. Physic…
DRGs and the Practice of Psychiatry
1Cleveland Veterans Administration Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University 2Case Western Reserve University
Abortion of Defective Fetuses
A sample of mothers of children with cystic fibrosis, cerebral palsy, myelodysplasia, and multiple physical handicaps (n = 310) was compared to a probability sample of mothers of children free of disabilities (n = 357) on their attitudes toward the availability of legal abortion. Mothers were asked whether or not they approve of abortion for six reasons, among them the strong probability of a defective fetus. The responses of mothers of congenita…
Change in Student Physicians' Views on Authority Relationships with Patients
Bebe Lavin, Marie Haug, Linda Liska Belgrave, Naomi Breslau, Change in Student Physicians' Views on Authority Relationships with Patients, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 28, No. 3 (Sep., 1987), pp. 258-272
Traumatic Events and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in an Urban Population of Young Adults
To ascertain the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and risk factors associated with it, we studied a random sample of 1007 young adults from a large health maintenance organization in the Detroit, Mich, area. The lifetime prevalence of exposure to traumatic events was 39.1%. The rate of PTSD in those who were exposed was 23.6%, yielding a lifetime prevalence in the sample of 9.2%. Persons with PTSD were at increased risk for othe…
Maternal smoking among blacks and whites
Sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders
Nicotine dependence versus smoking prevalence
Successful tobacco control may result in a higher dependence among the remaining smokers (due to selective quitting by low-dependent smokers). The remaining highly dependent smokers may need more intensive treatment
Smoking cessation in young adults
OBJECTIVES. Previous research has suggested that early smoking initiation predicts longer duration of smoking, heavier daily consumption, and increased chances of nicotine dependence. This report set out to estimate the relationship between smoking cessation and age of initiation, as well as nicotine dependence, sex, race, and education. METHODS. A sample of 1007 young adults was randomly selected from a large health maintenance organization in s…
Are smokers with alcohol disorders less likely to quit
OBJECTIVES. This study examined the likelihood of smoking cessation in smokers with a prior history of alcoholism. METHODS. Data came from an epidemiologic study of 1007 young adults, randomly selected from those insured in a large health maintenance organization (HMO) in southeast Michigan. Cox proportional hazards models with time-dependent covariates were used to estimate the hazards ratios of quitting in smokers with current and past alcoholi…
Medicine (30 obras) · Psychology (22 obras) · Psychiatry (16 obras) · Family medicine (9 obras) · Clinical Psychology (8 obras) · Demography (8 obras) · Population (7 obras) · Environmental health (6 obras) · Health care (6 obras) · Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research (6 obras)