Joshua C Cochran
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 217382 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Joshua C Cochran |
| PRENOMES | Joshua C |
| SOBRENOME | Cochran |
| ASSINATURA | COCHRAN J C |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Cincinnati |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3921-5557 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 33 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 83 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 33 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2011 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Testing Systems-Level Theories and Impacts of Supermax Prisons
Supermaximum security prisons (or, “supermax”) are assumed necessary for the safety and order of prison systems. The current paper used ten years of data on 19 prison facilities in Ohio to examine the longitudinal, macrolevel associations between supermax transfers and future facility-level outcomes. The results suggest weak support for the idea that supermax transfers improve prison social order and no evidence of improvements in violence. Sendi…
Poor Mental Health as Cause and/or Consequence of Restrictive Housing
Whether poor mental health increases an incarcerated person’s exposure to disciplinary or administrative segregation, and, in turn, whether segregation contributes to poorer health have been examined separately in the empirical literature, with studies of the former limited to between-person analyses. We conducted within-person analyses of changes to both mental health and the odds of segregation to determine whether these effects are bidirection…
Reporting Sexual Victimization During Incarceration
The National Inmate Survey estimates over 22,000 individuals in United States jails were sexually victimized between 2011 and 2012. However, most incidents were never formally reported to correctional authorities. Empirical analysis of this reporting gap and its causes is limited, and studies examining correctional populations focus on individuals in prisons. The current study extends this work by considering individuals incarcerated in jails. Us…
Establishing Key Facts About Restrictive Housing—A Systems-Level Descriptive Analysis of Restrictive Housing and the Implications for Theory, Research, and Policy
Concerns about restrictive housing are motivated in part by the assumption that as prison systems expanded and became more punitive, restrictive housing became overly routine. Limited empirical research exists, however, that quantifies its usage. The goal of this paper is twofold. First, we argue that a more detailed understanding of restrictive housing usage is required to advance theory, research, and evidence-based policy. Second, we bring dat…
Pretrial jail experiences and the criminal justice legitimacy divide
One consequence of racial disparities in criminal justice experiences and outcomes is racially stratified views of criminal justice legitimacy. An overlooked criminal justice processing point that might contribute to racial differences in perceptions of criminal justice legitimacy is pretrial detention. The current study examines whether racial differences exist in perceptions of procedural justice and effectiveness of jail staff—two factors that…
Correctional Officer Stress and Prison Management
Measuring the uniquely painful incarceration experiences of LGB+ and trans people and the implications for mental health
Disparities in Segregation for Prison Control
Following a recent study of disparities in solitary confinement (SC) placements in Florida, we examined related disparities in the use of extended restrictive housing in Ohio (SC conditions) while expanding the analysis to short term restrictive housing, a substantially more common prison experience. Analyses of 183,872 incarcerated persons (IPs) revealed substantive disparities in prevalence and incidence of placements in both short- and long-t…
Jail Utilization and Court Sentencing
Drawing upon organizational perspectives and focal concerns theory, this article tests the impacts of jail utilization (i.e. the ratio of jail population: rated capacity) on sentencing practices. Using 18 years of felony sentencing data from Florida and county characteristics, ordinary least squares regression models are estimated to determine whether jail utilization impacts sentencing trends between counties. Latent growth curves assess jail ut…
How do Racial and Ethnic Disparities Emerge in the Use of Restrictive Housing for Prison Rule Violations
Private Versus Public Incarceration
Propensity score matching and regression analyses of the National Inmate Survey are used to examine individuals’ experiences and perceptions of environmental quality in public versus private prisons across key domains of prison life, with an emphasis on needs, behaviors, victimization, and attitudes. No differences are identified for women. Males in private prisons are more likely than men in public prisons to perceive there to be inadequate staf…
How punitive is pretrial? Measuring the relative pains of pretrial detention
The purpose of pretrial incarceration is not punishment. Yet, research demonstrates that pretrial detention elicits similar consequences as punishment. The goal of this study is to advance theory and policy discussions by enumerating the experiences and harms that emerge during pretrial detention and how closely they align with punishment. The analyses use the National Inmate Survey, 2011–2012 to compare the experiences of those held in pretrial …
Deservingness and Punishment in Juvenile Justice
The present study investigated whether race moderates the effect of age on juvenile court dispositions in ways that illuminate a subtler form of racial disparities than has been previously identified. Drawing on prior theory and research, we hypothesize that at young ages, virtually all youth are perceived as children and met with treatment-oriented responses. As youth grow older, however, we anticipate that Black defendants will be perceived as …
Is Reduced Visitation a Collateral Consequence of Restrictive Housing
Theory and logic suggest that placement in restrictive housing (RH) may affect prison visitation, which may be counterproductive given the potential benefits of visitation. The goal of this paper is to examine the potential correspondence between RH and visitation. We use data on incarcerated people in Ohio to conduct two related analyses. One analysis assesses whether the first incident of short-term disciplinary segregation impacts prison visit…
Work in Long-Term Restrictive Housing and Prison Personnel Perceptions of the Humanity of People Who Are Incarcerated
The punitive era in the United States and other countries has included reliance on long-term restrictive housing (LTRH)—consisting of solitary confinement with few privileges—as a means of managing violent and disruptive individuals in prison. We examine how work in such housing may influence how personnel, including officers and staff, view individuals in prison and assess two hypotheses. First, those who work in LTRH will be more likely to hold…
Sentencing Add-Ons and Implications for Disparities in a Guidelines State
This study examined whether and how discretionary sentencing add-ons (i.e., secondary charges, victim injury points, firearms/weapons points, drug trafficking enhancements) contribute to disparities. We examined add-ons that increase sentencing points and so contribute to a defendant “scoring to prison.” We analyzed: (1) the degree to which add-ons explain racial and ethnic disparities in imprisonment (mediation); and (2) whether add-ons are more…
Social Capital and Its Impacts on Prison Life
This paper examines how social capital prior to incarceration may contribute to experiences during incarceration and whether visitation allows social capital to have protective effects. We investigate, too, whether disadvantages experienced during incarceration by racial and ethnic minorities, women, and individuals in poverty can be explained in part by reduced social capital. We test these ideas using national-level survey data from state priso…
Visitation Enablers and Barriers
This paper aims to advance theory and knowledge about prison visitation by organizing prior studies within a framework of visitation enablers and barriers and examining how practical, relational, and experiential factors explain variation in prison visiting among 773 adult males across eight Dutch prisons. Findings suggest that all three domains play out at once to influence visitation. Whether visitors come to visit seems to depend on their rela…
Can “race‐neutral” program eligibility requirements in criminal justice have disparate effects? An examination of race, ethnicity, and prison industry employment
Research Summary This study assesses whether racial and ethnic disparities exist in prison industry employment and whether seemingly race‐ and ethnicity‐neutral eligibility requirements contribute to any such disparities. We examine whether there are racial/ethnic disparities in industrial prison work, the extent to which disparities are explained by administrative policies, and the conditions under which disparities are most pronounced. Using 10…
Extended Solitary Confinement for Managing Prison Systems
Despite concerns and debates about the policy of using extended solitary confinement for managing individuals deemed to be too violent or disruptive to be controlled any other way—for the broader goal of system order and safety—empirical assessments of disparities in placements into this form of incarceration are limited. Prior studies typically have not compared extended solitary management (ESM) populations to general prison populations or dime…
Academic Achievement and the Implications for Prison Program Effectiveness and Reentry
The current study examines how academic achievement—measured as verbal and math performance—is associated with prison programming and reentry. We assess how academic achievement might be directly associated with recidivism and whether this occurs indirectly by moderating the effectiveness of in-prison programs. Using a statewide subsample of incarcerated individuals ( N = 13,536), the results illustrated that academic achievement directly and ind…
Fundamentals of Criminological and Criminal Justice Inquiry
How to think about, conduct, and evaluate research is fundamental to the study and understanding of criminology and criminal justice. Students take methods, statistics, theory, and topic-specific classes, but they struggle to integrate what they learn and to see how it fits within the broader field of criminology and criminal justice research. This book directly tackles this problem by helping students to develop a 'researcher sensibility', and d…
Social Exclusion and Parental Incarceration Impacts on Adolescents' Networks and School Engagement
Although prior research links parental incarceration to deleterious outcomes for children during the life course, few studies have examined whether such incarceration affects the social exclusion of children during adolescence. Drawing on several lines of scholarship, the authors examined whether adolescents with incarcerated parents have fewer or lower quality relationships, participate in more antisocial peer networks, and feel less integrated …
Who Goes to Prison?
This essay discusses changes in the composition of inmate populations in the United States over the past several decades based on legal factors (i.e., types of offenses and offenders) and demographic variables (i.e., race, ethnicity, age, and sex) and examines why variation in inmate composition matters. In particular, black incarceration rates are substantially greater than those of whites and Hispanics, and over time these differences have beco…
Prisoner Reentry in the Era of Mass Incarceration
Understanding and Improving Prisoner Reentry Outcomes. Mass imprisonment and mass prisoner reentry are two faces of the same coin. In a comprehensive and penetrating analysis, Daniel Mears and Joshua Cochran unravel the causes of this pressing problem, detail the challenges confronting released prisoners, and provide an evidence-based blueprint for successfully reintegrating offenders into the community. Scholarly yet accessible, this volume is e…
The ties that bind or the ties that break
Social isolation and inmate behavior
The “True” Juvenile Offender
Age is the only factor used to demarcate the boundary between juvenile and adult justice. However, little research has examined how age guides the juvenile court in determining which youth within the juvenile justice system merit particular dispositions, especially those that reflect the court's emphasis on rehabilitation. Drawing on scholarship on the court's origins, attribution theory, and cognitive heuristics, we hypothesize that the court fo…
Social Exclusion and Parental Incarceration Impacts on Adolescents' Networks and School Engagement
Although prior research links parental incarceration to deleterious outcomes for children during the life course, few studies have examined whether such incarceration affects the social exclusion of children during adolescence. Drawing on several lines of scholarship, the authors examined whether adolescents with incarcerated parents have fewer or lower quality relationships, participate in more antisocial peer networks, and feel less integrated …
Evidence on the Effectiveness of Juvenile Court Sanctions
Correctional Officer Stress and Prison Management
How punitive is pretrial? Measuring the relative pains of pretrial detention
The purpose of pretrial incarceration is not punishment. Yet, research demonstrates that pretrial detention elicits similar consequences as punishment. The goal of this study is to advance theory and policy discussions by enumerating the experiences and harms that emerge during pretrial detention and how closely they align with punishment. The analyses use the National Inmate Survey, 2011–2012 to compare the experiences of those held in pretrial …
The implications of sentence length for inmate adjustment to prison life
Gender differences in the effects of prison on recidivism
Evidence on the Effectiveness of Juvenile Court Sanctions
Prison Visitation and Recidivism
Daniel P. Mears*Daniel P. Mears, Ph.D., is the Mark C. Stafford Professor of Criminology at Florida State University’s College of Criminology and Criminal Justice. He conducts basic and applied research on a range of crime and justice topics. His work has appeared in Criminology, the Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, and other crime and policy journals and in a recent book, American Criminal Justice Policy (Cambridge University Press,…
Gender differences in the effects of prison on recidivism
The ties that bind or the ties that break
Social isolation and inmate behavior
Breaches in the Wall
Objectives: Drawing on theories that emphasize the salience of social ties, this study examines the different kinds of experiences prisoners have with visitation and the implications of those experiences for behavior after release. Method: This study uses data from a release cohort of prisoners to (1) explore how visitation experiences unfold for different cohorts of individuals serving different amounts of time in prison and to (2) test the effe…
The “True” Juvenile Offender
Age is the only factor used to demarcate the boundary between juvenile and adult justice. However, little research has examined how age guides the juvenile court in determining which youth within the juvenile justice system merit particular dispositions, especially those that reflect the court's emphasis on rehabilitation. Drawing on scholarship on the court's origins, attribution theory, and cognitive heuristics, we hypothesize that the court fo…
Prisoner Reentry in the Era of Mass Incarceration
Understanding and Improving Prisoner Reentry Outcomes. Mass imprisonment and mass prisoner reentry are two faces of the same coin. In a comprehensive and penetrating analysis, Daniel Mears and Joshua Cochran unravel the causes of this pressing problem, detail the challenges confronting released prisoners, and provide an evidence-based blueprint for successfully reintegrating offenders into the community. Scholarly yet accessible, this volume is e…
The implications of sentence length for inmate adjustment to prison life
Who Goes to Prison?
This essay discusses changes in the composition of inmate populations in the United States over the past several decades based on legal factors (i.e., types of offenses and offenders) and demographic variables (i.e., race, ethnicity, age, and sex) and examines why variation in inmate composition matters. In particular, black incarceration rates are substantially greater than those of whites and Hispanics, and over time these differences have beco…
Social Exclusion and Parental Incarceration Impacts on Adolescents' Networks and School Engagement
Although prior research links parental incarceration to deleterious outcomes for children during the life course, few studies have examined whether such incarceration affects the social exclusion of children during adolescence. Drawing on several lines of scholarship, the authors examined whether adolescents with incarcerated parents have fewer or lower quality relationships, participate in more antisocial peer networks, and feel less integrated …
Fundamentals of Criminological and Criminal Justice Inquiry
How to think about, conduct, and evaluate research is fundamental to the study and understanding of criminology and criminal justice. Students take methods, statistics, theory, and topic-specific classes, but they struggle to integrate what they learn and to see how it fits within the broader field of criminology and criminal justice research. This book directly tackles this problem by helping students to develop a 'researcher sensibility', and d…
Academic Achievement and the Implications for Prison Program Effectiveness and Reentry
The current study examines how academic achievement—measured as verbal and math performance—is associated with prison programming and reentry. We assess how academic achievement might be directly associated with recidivism and whether this occurs indirectly by moderating the effectiveness of in-prison programs. Using a statewide subsample of incarcerated individuals ( N = 13,536), the results illustrated that academic achievement directly and ind…
Extended Solitary Confinement for Managing Prison Systems
Despite concerns and debates about the policy of using extended solitary confinement for managing individuals deemed to be too violent or disruptive to be controlled any other way—for the broader goal of system order and safety—empirical assessments of disparities in placements into this form of incarceration are limited. Prior studies typically have not compared extended solitary management (ESM) populations to general prison populations or dime…
Deservingness and Punishment in Juvenile Justice
The present study investigated whether race moderates the effect of age on juvenile court dispositions in ways that illuminate a subtler form of racial disparities than has been previously identified. Drawing on prior theory and research, we hypothesize that at young ages, virtually all youth are perceived as children and met with treatment-oriented responses. As youth grow older, however, we anticipate that Black defendants will be perceived as …
Is Reduced Visitation a Collateral Consequence of Restrictive Housing
Theory and logic suggest that placement in restrictive housing (RH) may affect prison visitation, which may be counterproductive given the potential benefits of visitation. The goal of this paper is to examine the potential correspondence between RH and visitation. We use data on incarcerated people in Ohio to conduct two related analyses. One analysis assesses whether the first incident of short-term disciplinary segregation impacts prison visit…
Work in Long-Term Restrictive Housing and Prison Personnel Perceptions of the Humanity of People Who Are Incarcerated
The punitive era in the United States and other countries has included reliance on long-term restrictive housing (LTRH)—consisting of solitary confinement with few privileges—as a means of managing violent and disruptive individuals in prison. We examine how work in such housing may influence how personnel, including officers and staff, view individuals in prison and assess two hypotheses. First, those who work in LTRH will be more likely to hold…
Sentencing Add-Ons and Implications for Disparities in a Guidelines State
This study examined whether and how discretionary sentencing add-ons (i.e., secondary charges, victim injury points, firearms/weapons points, drug trafficking enhancements) contribute to disparities. We examined add-ons that increase sentencing points and so contribute to a defendant “scoring to prison.” We analyzed: (1) the degree to which add-ons explain racial and ethnic disparities in imprisonment (mediation); and (2) whether add-ons are more…
Social Capital and Its Impacts on Prison Life
This paper examines how social capital prior to incarceration may contribute to experiences during incarceration and whether visitation allows social capital to have protective effects. We investigate, too, whether disadvantages experienced during incarceration by racial and ethnic minorities, women, and individuals in poverty can be explained in part by reduced social capital. We test these ideas using national-level survey data from state priso…
Visitation Enablers and Barriers
This paper aims to advance theory and knowledge about prison visitation by organizing prior studies within a framework of visitation enablers and barriers and examining how practical, relational, and experiential factors explain variation in prison visiting among 773 adult males across eight Dutch prisons. Findings suggest that all three domains play out at once to influence visitation. Whether visitors come to visit seems to depend on their rela…
Can “race‐neutral” program eligibility requirements in criminal justice have disparate effects? An examination of race, ethnicity, and prison industry employment
Research Summary This study assesses whether racial and ethnic disparities exist in prison industry employment and whether seemingly race‐ and ethnicity‐neutral eligibility requirements contribute to any such disparities. We examine whether there are racial/ethnic disparities in industrial prison work, the extent to which disparities are explained by administrative policies, and the conditions under which disparities are most pronounced. Using 10…
How do Racial and Ethnic Disparities Emerge in the Use of Restrictive Housing for Prison Rule Violations
Private Versus Public Incarceration
Propensity score matching and regression analyses of the National Inmate Survey are used to examine individuals’ experiences and perceptions of environmental quality in public versus private prisons across key domains of prison life, with an emphasis on needs, behaviors, victimization, and attitudes. No differences are identified for women. Males in private prisons are more likely than men in public prisons to perceive there to be inadequate staf…
How punitive is pretrial? Measuring the relative pains of pretrial detention
The purpose of pretrial incarceration is not punishment. Yet, research demonstrates that pretrial detention elicits similar consequences as punishment. The goal of this study is to advance theory and policy discussions by enumerating the experiences and harms that emerge during pretrial detention and how closely they align with punishment. The analyses use the National Inmate Survey, 2011–2012 to compare the experiences of those held in pretrial …
Disparities in Segregation for Prison Control
Following a recent study of disparities in solitary confinement (SC) placements in Florida, we examined related disparities in the use of extended restrictive housing in Ohio (SC conditions) while expanding the analysis to short term restrictive housing, a substantially more common prison experience. Analyses of 183,872 incarcerated persons (IPs) revealed substantive disparities in prevalence and incidence of placements in both short- and long-t…
Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis (32 obras) · Criminology (30 obras) · Psychology (28 obras) · Political science (23 obras) · Prison (23 obras) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (20 obras) · Law (18 obras) · Homelessness and Social Issues (17 obras) · Social Psychology (15 obras) · Sociology (15 obras)