John Mcclure
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 218931 |
|---|---|
| NOME | John Mcclure |
| PRENOMES | John |
| SOBRENOME | Mcclure |
| ASSINATURA | MCCLURE J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Victoria University of Wellington |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4284-4458 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 52 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 92 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 53 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1983 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
The Venal Origins of Development in Spanish America
Advancing Health Equity
We assessed the impact of an innovative Louisiana community–academic–public health–practice (CAPP) partnership in addressing COVID-19–associated Black–White vaccination disparities over 19 months. Initially (April 2021), the cumulative vaccinations for Black versus White Louisianans were 54 542 per 100 000 versus 62 435 per 100 000, respectively. By October 2022, cumulative vaccinations for Black versus White Louisianans were 142 437 per 100 000 …
Poverty and Ideology
Cross-Cultural Language Awareness
In the research on literacy learning the concept of language awareness has come forward as a unifying framework for understanding the underlying knowledge that supports ability in reading and writing. Consensus is gathering around the idea that language awareness is an essential foundation. If subsequent work in this area confirms it, this factor may turn out to be the key cognitive-domain explanation for successful literacy learning in school (a…
A Companion to Viceregal Mexico City, 1519–1821
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Imperial Inequalities
Imperial Inequalities takes Western European empires, and their legacies, as the explicit starting point for discussion. It addresses the institutional and fiscal processes involved in the modes of extraction, that is, taxation, and hierarchies of welfare distribution across Europe's global empires. It looks at the ways in which particularities of economic governance across European empires have shaped forms of inequality in the present and their…
Imperial Inequalities
The intellectual foundations of imperial concepts of inequality
Political and economic discussions of inequality have boomed since the second half of the twentieth century, but concepts of equality and inequality are far older. Understanding the longer intellectual history of inequality helps deepen understandings of how the concept has changed over time, as well as across different societies, and how concepts of equality have been pre-figured to accommodate concepts of inequality. Concepts of equality have b…
Conquest by Contract
Property rights and contracts were important to the legal foundations of the Spanish Empire from the sixteenth century. The recognition of the property rights of indigenous people was part of the legal foundations of empire, but offered weak protection from the commercial logic of imperialism. In the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, the national and international recognition of indigenous property rights has increased at the same time that i…
Interpretations of aftershock advice and probabilities after the 2013 Cook Strait earthquakes, Aotearoa New Zealand
Probabilistic statements can be a valuable tool for natural hazard risk communication, including forecasts. However, individuals often have a poor understanding of such probabilistic forecasts caused by them distorting their interpretations of event likelihoods towards the end of the time window and discounting the risk today. We investigated the use of an ‘anchoring’ time statement to mitigate this bias via an opportunistic survey run after the …
Worlds Within Worlds
This article examines the institutional locations of global connections in Seville as the city became an important hub of Europe’s first global empire in the sixteenth century. It combines a micro-historical approach to institutions with the history of religious orders to explore the places and processes through which global connections were localized and mediated in sixteenth-century Seville. While the role of economic institutions, such as the …
Poverty and empire
This chapter provides an overview of the ways in which the concept of poverty has played a role in the political discourse of empire. It undertakes an archaeology of poverty and its politics by providing an overview of the constitutive role of the discourse of poverty in processes of empire formation. The chapter demonstrates that complex beliefs about wealth and poverty have played a role in a range of political projects, a history that is often…
Connected global intellectual history and the decolonisation of the curriculum
Connected global intellectual history can contribute to the process of decolonising the curricula by decentring Europe and resituating it as part of an interconnected world. From this perspective, Europe is displaced from being imagined as the source of knowledge and the Western tradition is unbound. This article shows how cultural and intellectual phenomena of the Renaissance, the Enlightenment and the tradition of universal history, which have …
Awareness of language
This report presents findings from a follow-up exploratory study of the development of writing ability in an attempt to identify key component skills and competencies for elementary school literacy learners, grades 2nd, 4th and 6th. The first evaluation consisted in scoring first draft narrative texts for coherence, the second, an assessment of effective self-correction strategies. These two measures were compared to the results of a third test, …
The Franciscans Order
The Franciscan Rule dedicated its followers to wandering in the world as pilgrims and strangers, and they rapidly developed a precocious global network, yet the Franciscans’ contribution to global history is more complex than the story of their early global presence. Following a Rule of poverty, Franciscans voluntarily aligned themselves with the margins, refocusing concepts of distance and inverting landscapes of the strange and the familiar. Co…
Inquality and the Future of Global History
The following is an edited transcript of a roundtable that took place at the University of Glasgow in September 2018. The roundtable was organized by Dr. Julia McClure in conjunction with the Poverty Research Network’s conference - Beyond Development: The Local Visions of Global Poverty. That conference brought into focus the ways in which the global and local levels meet at the site of poverty and highlighted the different conceptions on the glo…
Perceptions of risk characteristics of earthquakes compared to other hazards and their impact on risk tolerance
People tolerate different levels of risk owing to a variety of hazards. Previous research shows that the psychometric properties of hazards predict people's tolerance of them. However, this work has not taken into account events such as earthquakes. The present study tested how earthquakes score vis-à-vis risk properties and risk tolerance as compared to five other familiar hazards. Participants from Wellington, New Zealand (N=139) rated these si…
The role of prior experience in informing and motivating earthquake preparedness
Motivating household preparedness for earthquakes can be difficult, especially given the infrequent and varying nature of major events. Past research has shown that people's experiences contribute to their beliefs about whether, and how, they should prepare for earthquakes. Direct experience of a disaster can be a strong motivator of preparedness; however, most people will not directly experience a large damaging earthquake in their lifetimes. Th…
Do framing messages increase support for earthquake legislation
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand how framing messages about earthquake risk affect judgements about legislation requiring the strengthening of earthquake-prone buildings
Transatlantic Obligations
‘To be without family was to be impoverished in a number of ways’; this is the statement which fittingly concludes this rich history—the transatlantic history of family in the sixteenth century by Jane E. Mangan. Her book lays out the different strands of the history of family to show the variety of ways in which the Andean world of the Viceroyalty of Peru was knitted together with the Iberian in a complex pattern, in the century that followed th…
Earthrise
This article uses Franciscan history to explore an alternative approach to global history. Following Benjamin Lazier's observations about 'Earthrise', which showed that images of the world have been entangled with intellectual and political discourses, this article explores the Franciscans' own Earthrise perspective which can be traced in the spiritual and mystical writings produced in the late Middle Ages. The aim of this article is not only to …
Behavioral Response in the Immediate Aftermath of Shaking
This study examines people's response actions in the first 30 min after shaking stopped following earthquakes in Christchurch and Wellington, New Zealand, and Hitachi, Japan. Data collected from 257 respondents in Christchurch, 332 respondents in Hitachi, and 204 respondents in Wellington revealed notable similarities in some response actions immediately after the shaking stopped. In all four events, people were most likely to contact family memb…
A New Politics of the Middle Ages
This paper outlines the new politics of the Middle Ages in an age of ‘global modernity’, a term coined by Arif Dirlik to describe the appearance of ‘alternative’ or ‘multiple’ modernities. The politics of the Middle Ages has been recognised by a number of medieval and postcolonial scholars who have understood the role that the category of the Middle Ages has played in the historic construction of Western modernity and Western imperialism. This po…
Maximal levels of aspiration, minimal boundary goals, and their relationships with academic achievement
Maximising educational attainment is important for both individuals and societies. However, understanding of why some students achieve better than others is far from complete. Motivation and achievement data from a sample of 782 secondary‐school students in New Zealand reveal that two specific types of outcome goals, namely maximal levels of aspiration and minimal boundary goals , predict subsequent student achievement independently of mastery, p…
Poverty, power, and knowledge
This article explores the entanglement of knowledge, power, and poverty during the first years of European interaction with the Americas. Histories of the European "discovery" and colonization of the Americas have often been characterized by the importance of European power and the hunt for gold, but this history has also been entangled with an equally compelling, if deeply ambiguous, history of poverty. The article engages with this entanglement…
Climate change, powerlessness and the commons dilemma
Discounting causes of behavior
Conjunctive explanations of success and failure
Judgments of voluntary and physical causes in causal chains
Four experiments investigated judgments about voluntary human actions and physical causes that were embedded in causal chains ending in negative outcomes (e.g., a forest fire). Causes were judged for their explanatory quality, their effect on the probability of the outcome, and the extent to which they could be socially controlled. Results supported legal theorists' claim that voluntary actions are judged better explanations than physical causes.…
Telling More than They can Know
The folklore of state socialism
(1983). The folklore of state socialism: Semiotics and the study of the Soviet state. Soviet Studies: Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 471-486
A New Politics of the Middle Ages
This paper outlines the new politics of the Middle Ages in an age of ‘global modernity’, a term coined by Arif Dirlik to describe the appearance of ‘alternative’ or ‘multiple’ modernities. The politics of the Middle Ages has been recognised by a number of medieval and postcolonial scholars who have understood the role that the category of the Middle Ages has played in the historic construction of Western modernity and Western imperialism. This po…
Maximal levels of aspiration, minimal boundary goals, and their relationships with academic achievement
Maximising educational attainment is important for both individuals and societies. However, understanding of why some students achieve better than others is far from complete. Motivation and achievement data from a sample of 782 secondary‐school students in New Zealand reveal that two specific types of outcome goals, namely maximal levels of aspiration and minimal boundary goals , predict subsequent student achievement independently of mastery, p…
Selecting explanations from causal chains
We investigate whether people prefer voluntary causes to physical causes in unfolding causal chains and whether statistical (covariation, sufficiency) principles can predict how people select explanations. Experiment 1 shows that while people tend to prefer a proximal (more recent) cause in chains of unfolding physical events, causality is traced through the proximal cause to an underlying distal (less recent) cause when that cause is a human act…
Secondary student motivation orientations and standards-based achievement outcomes
BackgroundIndividual student characteristics such as competence motivation, achievement values, and goal orientations have been related in meaningful ways to task attainment. The standards-based National Certificate of Educational Achievement (NCEA) was developed in New Zealand with the intention of strengthening connections between student learning behaviours and achievement outcomes.AimThis study investigates interrelationships between self-rep…
Connected global intellectual history and the decolonisation of the curriculum
Connected global intellectual history can contribute to the process of decolonising the curricula by decentring Europe and resituating it as part of an interconnected world. From this perspective, Europe is displaced from being imagined as the source of knowledge and the Western tradition is unbound. This article shows how cultural and intellectual phenomena of the Renaissance, the Enlightenment and the tradition of universal history, which have …
Perceptions of risk characteristics of earthquakes compared to other hazards and their impact on risk tolerance
People tolerate different levels of risk owing to a variety of hazards. Previous research shows that the psychometric properties of hazards predict people's tolerance of them. However, this work has not taken into account events such as earthquakes. The present study tested how earthquakes score vis-à-vis risk properties and risk tolerance as compared to five other familiar hazards. Participants from Wellington, New Zealand (N=139) rated these si…
Poverty, power, and knowledge
This article explores the entanglement of knowledge, power, and poverty during the first years of European interaction with the Americas. Histories of the European "discovery" and colonization of the Americas have often been characterized by the importance of European power and the hunt for gold, but this history has also been entangled with an equally compelling, if deeply ambiguous, history of poverty. The article engages with this entanglement…
Explanations of extreme and moderate events
On necessity and commonsense
Recent critical attempts to modify or replace attribution theory have focused particularly on two issues: the relationship of the reason—cause distinction to attribution theories and actor/observer differences in attribution, and the emphasis in attribution theories on inferential, as opposed to self‐presentational, processes. In dealing with these two issues, some critics also point out ethnocentric and ideological influences on attribution theo…
The intellectual foundations of imperial concepts of inequality
Political and economic discussions of inequality have boomed since the second half of the twentieth century, but concepts of equality and inequality are far older. Understanding the longer intellectual history of inequality helps deepen understandings of how the concept has changed over time, as well as across different societies, and how concepts of equality have been pre-figured to accommodate concepts of inequality. Concepts of equality have b…
Conquest by Contract
Property rights and contracts were important to the legal foundations of the Spanish Empire from the sixteenth century. The recognition of the property rights of indigenous people was part of the legal foundations of empire, but offered weak protection from the commercial logic of imperialism. In the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, the national and international recognition of indigenous property rights has increased at the same time that i…
The effects of hazard zone information on judgements about earthquake damage
This study investigates the extent to which people's views on the causes and preventability of earthquake damage might be influenced by their degree of exposure to hazard as well as what information they have been given about the hazard. The results show that the provision of hazard zoning information influences judgements on preventability and causes of damage, but this effect depends on the degree of hazard faced by residents. In low hazard zon…
Distinguishing the effects of beliefs and preconditions
Two studies examined lay people's understanding of goals and intentional actions, which are key concepts in folk psychology. The studies show how predictions of goals and actions are affected by actors' beliefs about their abilities and their actual possession of the preconditions required for the actions. In some conditions, the beliefs and the preconditions were contradictory. Actors' beliefs about their abilities shaped observers' goal ascript…
How reliable are radiocarbon laboratories? A report on the Fourth International Radiocarbon Inter-comparison (Firi) (1998-2001)
Radiocarbon laboratories undertake rigorous programmes of internal quality control (QC) and overall quality assurance (QA). In a laboratory "inter-comparison" samples of the same age are dated at different laboratories using a range of techniques and the results are then compared. The authors summarise the results of the fourth of these scientific audits
When People Explain Difficult Actions, is the Causal Question How or Why
Recent research shows that the framing of causal questions influences the choice of goals and preconditions as explanations of actions. However, research has not examined participants’ judgments as to which causal questions are most relevant to explain actions. Study 1 examined which question (“why” or “how”) participants would use to gain information to help them explain actions that required substantial preconditions. As a measure of difficulty…
Discounting Attributions and Multiple Determinants
The discounting principle in attribution theory was considered a well-established phenomenon until recently, when both the empirical and theoretical basis for discounting have been questioned. Many instances of strong discounting have used measures that constrain explanations, such as a forced-choice and bipolar measures. Two studies were performed simulating Thibaut and Riecken's study of attributions for target persons' compliance to a request,…
The folklore of state socialism
(1983). The folklore of state socialism: Semiotics and the study of the Soviet state. Soviet Studies: Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 471-486
Telling More than They can Know
On necessity and commonsense
Recent critical attempts to modify or replace attribution theory have focused particularly on two issues: the relationship of the reason—cause distinction to attribution theories and actor/observer differences in attribution, and the emphasis in attribution theories on inferential, as opposed to self‐presentational, processes. In dealing with these two issues, some critics also point out ethnocentric and ideological influences on attribution theo…
The social parameter of "learned" helplessness
The Narrative Function of Preaching
Conjunctive explanations of success and failure
Explanations of extreme and moderate events
Explanations, Accounts, and Illusions
Discounting Attributions and Multiple Determinants
The discounting principle in attribution theory was considered a well-established phenomenon until recently, when both the empirical and theoretical basis for discounting have been questioned. Many instances of strong discounting have used measures that constrain explanations, such as a forced-choice and bipolar measures. Two studies were performed simulating Thibaut and Riecken's study of attributions for target persons' compliance to a request,…
Late Imperial Romance
New Zealand and Singaporean Attributions and Achievement Perceptions
Several aspects of cross-cultural differences in attributions remain relatively unexplored, including the issue of different criteria for success and failure, different forms of achievement motivation, the likelihood of making attributions, and different perceptions of causes on the dimensions of controllability, stability, and locus. The present study solicited New Zealand (Pakeha/European descent) and Singaporean (Chinese) students' attribution…
Are goals or preconditions better explanations? It depends on the question
Are goals or preconditions better explanations? It depends on the question
Recent research on causal inference suggests that common actions tend to be attributed to goals, whereas difficult actions, if obstructed, are attributed primarily to preconditions. The present studies examine the way that the framing of causal questions influences ratings of goals and preconditions for common actions. The studies test the view that ‘why’ questions favour goal explanations, by presenting causal questions framed as ‘why’ questions…
Discounting causes of behavior
Social identity and the perception of history
The context of intergroup relations in Aotearoa/New Zealand was investigated using perceptions of history by Maori (Polynesian-descended) and Pakeha (European-descended) samples from university and the general public. There was strong consensus that the Treaty of Waitangi was the most important event in New Zealand's history, but only Maori, the subordinate ethnic group, showed in-group favouritism in their judgments regarding the Treaty. Pakeha,…
When People Explain Difficult Actions, is the Causal Question How or Why
Recent research shows that the framing of causal questions influences the choice of goals and preconditions as explanations of actions. However, research has not examined participants’ judgments as to which causal questions are most relevant to explain actions. Study 1 examined which question (“why” or “how”) participants would use to gain information to help them explain actions that required substantial preconditions. As a measure of difficulty…
Covariational influences on goal-based explanation
Covariational and goal-based approaches to social attribution have been treated as competitive or incommensurable. This article integrates key aspects of each approach. Four studies examined preferences for motivating factors (or goals) and enabling factors (or preconditions) as explanations of intentional actions. The studies manipulated (Studies 1-3) and measured (Study 4) the perceived covariation of these goal-based causes with target actions…
Goal-based Explanations of Actions and Outcomes
Most attribution theories focus on inductive inferences and abstract causal categories. By contrast, goal-based and knowledge structure theories focus on people's perceptions of intentional actions, their deductive inferences, and their concrete explanations of actions. Goal-based theories have demonstrated the importance of goals and intentions as explanations. However, research shows that explanations of goal-based actions reflect the extremity…
How reliable are radiocarbon laboratories? A report on the Fourth International Radiocarbon Inter-comparison (Firi) (1998-2001)
Radiocarbon laboratories undertake rigorous programmes of internal quality control (QC) and overall quality assurance (QA). In a laboratory "inter-comparison" samples of the same age are dated at different laboratories using a range of techniques and the results are then compared. The authors summarise the results of the fourth of these scientific audits
Distinguishing the effects of beliefs and preconditions
Two studies examined lay people's understanding of goals and intentional actions, which are key concepts in folk psychology. The studies show how predictions of goals and actions are affected by actors' beliefs about their abilities and their actual possession of the preconditions required for the actions. In some conditions, the beliefs and the preconditions were contradictory. Actors' beliefs about their abilities shaped observers' goal ascript…
The effects of hazard zone information on judgements about earthquake damage
This study investigates the extent to which people's views on the causes and preventability of earthquake damage might be influenced by their degree of exposure to hazard as well as what information they have been given about the hazard. The results show that the provision of hazard zoning information influences judgements on preventability and causes of damage, but this effect depends on the degree of hazard faced by residents. In low hazard zon…
Judgments of voluntary and physical causes in causal chains
Four experiments investigated judgments about voluntary human actions and physical causes that were embedded in causal chains ending in negative outcomes (e.g., a forest fire). Causes were judged for their explanatory quality, their effect on the probability of the outcome, and the extent to which they could be socially controlled. Results supported legal theorists' claim that voluntary actions are judged better explanations than physical causes.…
Framing effects on preparation intentions
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to show whether positive or negative framing of preparation messages leads to higher intentions to prepare for earthquakes, and whether the more important component of the message is the framing of the preparation action or the framing of the outcome of not preparing. Design/methodology/approach Four message conditions were created by crossing the framing of preparation actions (taking or not taking action) an…
Secondary student motivation orientations and standards-based achievement outcomes
BackgroundIndividual student characteristics such as competence motivation, achievement values, and goal orientations have been related in meaningful ways to task attainment. The standards-based National Certificate of Educational Achievement (NCEA) was developed in New Zealand with the intention of strengthening connections between student learning behaviours and achievement outcomes.AimThis study investigates interrelationships between self-rep…
Selecting explanations from causal chains
We investigate whether people prefer voluntary causes to physical causes in unfolding causal chains and whether statistical (covariation, sufficiency) principles can predict how people select explanations. Experiment 1 shows that while people tend to prefer a proximal (more recent) cause in chains of unfolding physical events, causality is traced through the proximal cause to an underlying distal (less recent) cause when that cause is a human act…
Psychology (31 obras) · Social Psychology (23 obras) · Political science (21 obras) · Law (17 obras) · Epistemology (13 obras) · Sociology (13 obras) · History (12 obras) · Economics (11 obras) · Law (11 obras) · Politics (11 obras)