A M Hurtado
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 2209 |
|---|---|
| NOME | A M Hurtado |
| PRENOMES | A M |
| SOBRENOME | Hurtado |
| ASSINATURA | HURTADO A M |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Arizona State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4064-1876 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 24 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 40 |
| OBRAS COMO AUTOR | 24 |
| OBRAS COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1985 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 2 |
How anthropology lost the original question
Kin Effects on Life History
This chapter examines kin effects on mortality and fertility rates in the Ache population. The sex ratio of children produced and raised is an interesting problem in kin investment. For the most part, parents are expected to invest in offspring of whichever sex will give the highest fitness return for investment. The chapter aims to examine whether kin investment patterns can be detected through their life history effects, and to look at a few sp…
Rates of Mortality
Mortality rates through the lifespan represent the most fundamental of all life history constraints that affect living organisms. For small human populations, the probability of mortality or survivorship in some time interval can be calculated using mathematical formulas that take into account the number of individuals at risk of death, and the number that actually experience death during some period of risk. The comparison of the Ache with the b…
Life History and Demography
This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book focuses on the Ache and detailed descriptions of the study population, sampling scheme, data collection methods, and analytical methods employed. It presents tests of models drawn from life history theory and human evolutionary ecology. The book provides a theoretical overview of evolutionary ecology as applied to humans, and lif…
Body Size and the Timing of Sexual Maturity
This chapter examines why the Ache begin reproduction when they do, and the related question about why they are the size that they are. As individuals grow they increase in body size with a resultant greater net energy production which can be channeled into fertility or survivorship. The body size and sexual maturity models allow for some speculation. The Ache fitness curve as a function of male body weight decreases sharply after about 65 kg pri…
Life History Trade-offs and Phenotypic Correlations
This chapter presents analyses designed to describe phenotypic correlations between life history traits and then measure trade-offs between traits. Modern life history theory is based on the assumption that limited time, energy, and resources are available for expenditure. Reaction norms are genetically evolved response patterns that produce phenotypic variation keyed to relevant environmental variation. They result in adaptive life history varia…
Age and Sex Structure of the Study Population
The Ache age-sex structure is much more similar to that reported for the Yanomamo in the 1960s, with both populations showing evidence of rapid growth and male-biased sex ratios. A comparison with the 1970 population suggests that contact-related epidemics killed many children of both sexes under the age of ten, and a high proportion of adults of both sexes over the age of forty. The resultant age-sex pyramids show a rapidly growing population wi…
Development, Marriage, and Other Life Course Events
The major life history events for males and females show some biological similarities but many important differences. Marriage preferences seem to indicate that women were quite choosy about their male partner. A final characteristic of Ache marriage is the high variation across individuals in marital duration for both sexes. Ache children show food awareness and request food at an earlier age than American children, but the developmental rate of…
The Ache
The Ache live in the southwestern part of what is generally referred to as the Eastern Brazilian Highlands. The botanical community of the Northern Ache area is representative of the rapidly diminishing Selva Alto Parana formation of the almost extinct Atlantic coastal rain forest of Brazil. In the western part of the Ache range this botanical community slowly merges with the Selva Central formation of Paraguay. The Paraguayan government wanted t…
Variability of innate immune system genes in Native A merican populations—relationship with history and epidemiology
OBJECTIVES: The immune system of a host, defending him/her against invading pathogens, has two main subsystems: innate immunity and acquired immunity. There are several evidences showing that Native American populations are immunologically different from non-Native populations. Our aim was to describe the variability of innate immune system genes in Native American populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated heterozygozities and patterns …
Hunter-Gatherer Inter-Band Interaction Rates
Our species exhibits spectacular success due to cumulative culture. While cognitive evolution of social learning mechanisms may be partially responsible for adaptive human culture, features of early human social structure may also play a role by increasing the number potential models from which to learn innovations. We present interview data on interactions between same-sex adult dyads of Ache and Hadza hunter-gatherers living in multiple distinc…
The emergence of human uniqueness
Although scientists are aware that humans share the same biological heritage as do all other organisms on the planet, the reliance of Homo sapiens on culture and cooperation has resulted in what can best be described as “a spectacular evolutionary anomaly.” 1:11 The extra‐somatic adaptations, technological dominance, and success of our species in colonizing every terrestrial habitat have no parallel. 2 Moreover, Homo sapiens accounts for about ei…
X‐chromosome lineages and the settlement of the Americas
Most genetic studies on the origins of Native Americans have examined data from mtDNA and Y‐chromosome DNA. To complement these studies and to broaden our understanding of the origin of Native American populations, we present an analysis of 1,873 X‐chromosomes representing Native American ( n = 438) and other continental populations ( n = 1,435). We genotyped 36 polymorphic sites, forming an informative haplotype within an 8‐kb DNA segment spanni…
Genetic clues about the origin of Aché hunter‐gatherers of Paraguay
Seventeen genetic studies performed among the until recently hunter‐gatherer Aché were reviewed and the corresponding data integrated to general information about this group, and to statistical tests of hypothesis concerning its origin(s). Two features of the Aché gene pool emerge: (a) the distinctiveness in relation to the general pattern of Amerindian genetic data; and (b) the reduced within population genetic variability. As for the origin of …
Developmental plasticity in fat patterning of Ache children in response to variation in interbirth intervals
A firm link between small size at birth and later more centralized fat patterning has been established in previous research. Relationships between shortened interbirth intervals and small size at birth suggest that maternal energetic prioritization may be an important, but unexplored determinant of offspring fat patterning. Potential adaptive advantages to centralized fat storage (Baker et al., 2008: In: Trevathan W, McKenna J, Smith EO, editors.…
Growth rates and life histories in twenty‐two small‐scale societies
This study investigates variation in body growth (cross‐sectional height and weight velocity) among a sample of 22 small‐scale societies. Considerable variation in growth exists among hunter‐gatherers that overlaps heavily with growth trajectories present in groups focusing more on horticulture. Intergroup variation tends to track environmental conditions, with societies under more favorable conditions displaying faster growth and earlier puberty…
The public health implications of maternal care trade-offs
Short ReportExtremely limited mitochondrial DNA variability among the Aché Natives of Paraguay
The Aché present distinctive differences and reduced mtDNA HVS-1 variability compared to other South American Natives. Similar differences were observed for other genetic systems. At present it is not clear whether their peculiarities already existed in their founding populations or whether they were secondarily acquired due to a long period of isolation in the humid, subtropical forest
Alu insertions versus blood group plus protein genetic variability in four Amerindian populations
The answer to the first question posed above is affirmative. However, the problem of whether the Aché derived from a Gê group that preceded the Guarani colonization of Paraguay, or are just a differentiated Guarani group, could not be answered with the genetic information available; the second hypothesis seems more likely at present, but the point to be emphasized is the striking genetic distinctiveness of the Aché as compared to other Amerindian…
A theory of human life history evolution
Human life histories, as compared to those of other primates and mammals, have at least four distinctive characteristics: an exceptionally long lifespan, an extended period of juvenile dependence, support of reproduction by older post-reproductive individuals, and male support of reproduction through the provisioning of females and their offspring. Another distinctive feature of our species is a large brain, with its associated psychological attr…
Packer and colleagues' model of menopause for humans
Environmentally Contingent Reproductive Strategies in Mayan and Ache Males
The evolution of premature reproductive senescence and menopause in human females
Female subsistence strategies among Ache hunter-gatherers of Eastern Paraguay
The evolution of premature reproductive senescence and menopause in human females
The public health implications of maternal care trade-offs
X‐chromosome lineages and the settlement of the Americas
Most genetic studies on the origins of Native Americans have examined data from mtDNA and Y‐chromosome DNA. To complement these studies and to broaden our understanding of the origin of Native American populations, we present an analysis of 1,873 X‐chromosomes representing Native American ( n = 438) and other continental populations ( n = 1,435). We genotyped 36 polymorphic sites, forming an informative haplotype within an 8‐kb DNA segment spanni…
Packer and colleagues' model of menopause for humans
Female subsistence strategies among Ache hunter-gatherers of Eastern Paraguay
The evolution of premature reproductive senescence and menopause in human females
Environmentally Contingent Reproductive Strategies in Mayan and Ache Males
Packer and colleagues' model of menopause for humans
A theory of human life history evolution
Human life histories, as compared to those of other primates and mammals, have at least four distinctive characteristics: an exceptionally long lifespan, an extended period of juvenile dependence, support of reproduction by older post-reproductive individuals, and male support of reproduction through the provisioning of females and their offspring. Another distinctive feature of our species is a large brain, with its associated psychological attr…
Alu insertions versus blood group plus protein genetic variability in four Amerindian populations
The answer to the first question posed above is affirmative. However, the problem of whether the Aché derived from a Gê group that preceded the Guarani colonization of Paraguay, or are just a differentiated Guarani group, could not be answered with the genetic information available; the second hypothesis seems more likely at present, but the point to be emphasized is the striking genetic distinctiveness of the Aché as compared to other Amerindian…
Short ReportExtremely limited mitochondrial DNA variability among the Aché Natives of Paraguay
The Aché present distinctive differences and reduced mtDNA HVS-1 variability compared to other South American Natives. Similar differences were observed for other genetic systems. At present it is not clear whether their peculiarities already existed in their founding populations or whether they were secondarily acquired due to a long period of isolation in the humid, subtropical forest
Growth rates and life histories in twenty‐two small‐scale societies
This study investigates variation in body growth (cross‐sectional height and weight velocity) among a sample of 22 small‐scale societies. Considerable variation in growth exists among hunter‐gatherers that overlaps heavily with growth trajectories present in groups focusing more on horticulture. Intergroup variation tends to track environmental conditions, with societies under more favorable conditions displaying faster growth and earlier puberty…
The public health implications of maternal care trade-offs
Genetic clues about the origin of Aché hunter‐gatherers of Paraguay
Seventeen genetic studies performed among the until recently hunter‐gatherer Aché were reviewed and the corresponding data integrated to general information about this group, and to statistical tests of hypothesis concerning its origin(s). Two features of the Aché gene pool emerge: (a) the distinctiveness in relation to the general pattern of Amerindian genetic data; and (b) the reduced within population genetic variability. As for the origin of …
Developmental plasticity in fat patterning of Ache children in response to variation in interbirth intervals
A firm link between small size at birth and later more centralized fat patterning has been established in previous research. Relationships between shortened interbirth intervals and small size at birth suggest that maternal energetic prioritization may be an important, but unexplored determinant of offspring fat patterning. Potential adaptive advantages to centralized fat storage (Baker et al., 2008: In: Trevathan W, McKenna J, Smith EO, editors.…
The emergence of human uniqueness
Although scientists are aware that humans share the same biological heritage as do all other organisms on the planet, the reliance of Homo sapiens on culture and cooperation has resulted in what can best be described as “a spectacular evolutionary anomaly.” 1:11 The extra‐somatic adaptations, technological dominance, and success of our species in colonizing every terrestrial habitat have no parallel. 2 Moreover, Homo sapiens accounts for about ei…
X‐chromosome lineages and the settlement of the Americas
Most genetic studies on the origins of Native Americans have examined data from mtDNA and Y‐chromosome DNA. To complement these studies and to broaden our understanding of the origin of Native American populations, we present an analysis of 1,873 X‐chromosomes representing Native American ( n = 438) and other continental populations ( n = 1,435). We genotyped 36 polymorphic sites, forming an informative haplotype within an 8‐kb DNA segment spanni…
Hunter-Gatherer Inter-Band Interaction Rates
Our species exhibits spectacular success due to cumulative culture. While cognitive evolution of social learning mechanisms may be partially responsible for adaptive human culture, features of early human social structure may also play a role by increasing the number potential models from which to learn innovations. We present interview data on interactions between same-sex adult dyads of Ache and Hadza hunter-gatherers living in multiple distinc…
Variability of innate immune system genes in Native A merican populations—relationship with history and epidemiology
OBJECTIVES: The immune system of a host, defending him/her against invading pathogens, has two main subsystems: innate immunity and acquired immunity. There are several evidences showing that Native American populations are immunologically different from non-Native populations. Our aim was to describe the variability of innate immune system genes in Native American populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated heterozygozities and patterns …
Kin Effects on Life History
This chapter examines kin effects on mortality and fertility rates in the Ache population. The sex ratio of children produced and raised is an interesting problem in kin investment. For the most part, parents are expected to invest in offspring of whichever sex will give the highest fitness return for investment. The chapter aims to examine whether kin investment patterns can be detected through their life history effects, and to look at a few sp…
Rates of Mortality
Mortality rates through the lifespan represent the most fundamental of all life history constraints that affect living organisms. For small human populations, the probability of mortality or survivorship in some time interval can be calculated using mathematical formulas that take into account the number of individuals at risk of death, and the number that actually experience death during some period of risk. The comparison of the Ache with the b…
Life History and Demography
This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book focuses on the Ache and detailed descriptions of the study population, sampling scheme, data collection methods, and analytical methods employed. It presents tests of models drawn from life history theory and human evolutionary ecology. The book provides a theoretical overview of evolutionary ecology as applied to humans, and lif…
Body Size and the Timing of Sexual Maturity
This chapter examines why the Ache begin reproduction when they do, and the related question about why they are the size that they are. As individuals grow they increase in body size with a resultant greater net energy production which can be channeled into fertility or survivorship. The body size and sexual maturity models allow for some speculation. The Ache fitness curve as a function of male body weight decreases sharply after about 65 kg pri…
Life History Trade-offs and Phenotypic Correlations
This chapter presents analyses designed to describe phenotypic correlations between life history traits and then measure trade-offs between traits. Modern life history theory is based on the assumption that limited time, energy, and resources are available for expenditure. Reaction norms are genetically evolved response patterns that produce phenotypic variation keyed to relevant environmental variation. They result in adaptive life history varia…
Age and Sex Structure of the Study Population
The Ache age-sex structure is much more similar to that reported for the Yanomamo in the 1960s, with both populations showing evidence of rapid growth and male-biased sex ratios. A comparison with the 1970 population suggests that contact-related epidemics killed many children of both sexes under the age of ten, and a high proportion of adults of both sexes over the age of forty. The resultant age-sex pyramids show a rapidly growing population wi…
Development, Marriage, and Other Life Course Events
The major life history events for males and females show some biological similarities but many important differences. Marriage preferences seem to indicate that women were quite choosy about their male partner. A final characteristic of Ache marriage is the high variation across individuals in marital duration for both sexes. Ache children show food awareness and request food at an earlier age than American children, but the developmental rate of…
The Ache
The Ache live in the southwestern part of what is generally referred to as the Eastern Brazilian Highlands. The botanical community of the Northern Ache area is representative of the rapidly diminishing Selva Alto Parana formation of the almost extinct Atlantic coastal rain forest of Brazil. In the western part of the Ache range this botanical community slowly merges with the Selva Central formation of Paraguay. The Paraguayan government wanted t…
How anthropology lost the original question
Biology (15 obras) · Demography (11 obras) · Psychology (10 obras) · Evolutionary biology (9 obras) · Ecology (8 obras) · Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior (8 obras) · Sociology (8 obras) · Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences (7 obras) · Population (7 obras) · Genetics (6 obras)