Stephen J Ceci
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 222084 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Stephen J Ceci |
| PRENOMES | Stephen J |
| SOBRENOME | Ceci |
| ASSINATURA | CECI S J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Cornell University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2835-9707 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 74 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 551 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 73 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1980 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
“Zoom developmentalists”
Taboos and Self-Censorship Among U.S. Psychology Professors
We identify points of conflict and consensus regarding (a) controversial empirical claims and (b) normative preferences for how controversial scholarship—and scholars—should be treated. In 2021, we conducted qualitative interviews ( n = 41) to generate a quantitative survey ( N = 470) of U.S. psychology professors’ beliefs and values. Professors strongly disagreed on the truth status of 10 candidate taboo conclusions: For each conclusion, some pr…
Adversarial collaboration
Open Science initiatives such as preregistration, publicly available procedures and data, and power analyses have rightly been lauded for increasing the reliability of findings. However, a potentially equally important initiative-aimed at increasing the validity of science-has largely been ignored. Adversarial collaborations (ACs) refer to team science in which members are chosen to represent diverse (and even contradictory) perspectives and hypo…
Are Claims of Fairness Toward Women in the Academy “Manufactured”? The Risk of Basing Arguments on Incomplete Data
Assessing Gender Bias in Particle Physics and Social Science Recommendations for Academic Jobs
We investigated gender bias in letters of recommendation as a possible cause of the under-representation of women in Experimental Particle Physics (EPP), where about 15% of faculty are female—well below the 60% level in psychology and sociology. We analyzed 2206 letters in EPP and these two social sciences using standard lexical measures as well as two new measures: author status and an open-ended search for gendered language. In contrast to form…
Analyzing the scientific foundation of Child Sexual Abuse Accommodation Syndrome
The issue before the New Jersey Supreme Court in the Frye hearing New Jersey v. J.L.G . (2018) was whether the scientific community agreed that Summit's (1983) Child Sexual Abuse Accommodation Syndrome rested on a firm scientific foundation. Lyon et al. (this issue) critique our approach to describing child sexual abuse disclosure, which involved extrapolating rates from children who came to the attention of authorities. Lyon et al. claim that ou…
Why So Few Women in Mathematically Intensive Fields?
Women have made huge gains in all fields of science over the past four decades, greatly increasing their presence in PhD programs and in postdoctoral positions. But, their progress has been greater in some fields than others. Although women constitute a critical mass of faculty in fields such as biology, medicine, psychology, veterinary science, and sociology, they continue to be underrepresented in mathematically intensive fields such as enginee…
The child quasi-witness model
Women in Academic Science
Much has been written in the past two decades about women in academic science careers, but this literature is contradictory. Many analyses have revealed a level playing field, with men and women faring equally, whereas other analyses have suggested numerous areas in which the playing field is not level. The only widely-agreed-upon conclusion is that women are underrepresented in college majors, graduate school programs, and the professoriate in t…
Perspectives on Children's Testimony
Competence, credibility, and reliability of children’s forensic reports
Legal and psychological perspectives on children’s competence to testify in court
Sex Differences in Math-Intensive Fields
Despite impressive employment gains in many fields of science, women remain underrepresented in fields requiring intensive use of mathematics. Here we discuss three potential explanations for women’s underrepresentation: (a) male–female mathematical and spatial ability gaps, (b) sex discrimination, and (c) sex differences in career preferences and lifestyle choices. Synthesizing findings from psychology, endocrinology, sociology, economics, and e…
Commentary
Commentaries| January 08 2010 Commentary Subject Area: Psychiatry and Psychology , Women's and Children's Health Stephen J. Ceci; Stephen J. Ceci Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., USA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Steven W. Cornelius Steven W. Cornelius Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., USA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Human Development (1990) 33 (2-3): 198–2…
Women's underrepresentation in science
The underrepresentation of women at the top of math-intensive fields is controversial, with competing claims of biological and sociocultural causation. The authors develop a framework to delineate possible causal pathways and evaluate evidence for each. Biological evidence is contradictory and inconclusive. Although cross-cultural and cross-cohort differences suggest a powerful effect of sociocultural context, evidence for specific factors is inc…
Understanding developmental reversals in false memory
Developmental reversals in false memory
Can susceptibility to false memory and suggestion increase dramatically with age? The authors review the theoretical and empirical literatures on this counterintuitive possibility. Until recently, the well-documented pattern was that susceptibility to memory distortion had been found to decline between early childhood and young adulthood. That pattern is the centerpiece of much expert testimony in legal cases involving child witnesses and victims…
Urie Bronfenbrenner (1917-2005)
Presents an obituary for Urie Bronfenbrenner (1917-2005). Before Urie Bronfenbrenner, child psychologists studied the child, sociologists the family, anthropologists the society, economists the economic framework, and political scientists the structure. As the result of Urie's extension of the concept of the ecology of human development, these environments--from the family to economic and political structures--are viewed as part of the life cours…
The Rhetoric and Reality of Gap Closing
Many forms of intervention, across different domains, have the surprising effect of widening preexisting gaps between disadvantaged youth and their advantaged counterparts--if such interventions are made available to all students, not just to the disadvantaged. Whether this widening of gaps is incongruent with American interests and values requires an awareness of this gap-widening potential when interventions are universalized and a national pol…
Beyond the American Context
Disclosure of Child Sexual Abuse
The empirical basis for the child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome (CSAAS), a theoretical model that posits that sexually abused children frequently display secrecy, tentative disclosures, and retractions of abuse statements was reviewed. Two data sources were evaluated: retrospective studies of adults’ reports of having been abused as children and concurrent or chart-review studies of children undergoing evaluation or treatment for sexual abu…
The Flynn Effect and U.S. Policies
Over the last century, IQ scores have been steadily rising, a phenomenon dubbed the Flynn effect. Because of the Flynn effect, IQ tests are periodically renormed, making them harder. Given that eligibility for mental retardation (MR) services relies heavily on IQ scores, renormed tests could have a significant impact on MR placements. In longitudinal IQ records from 9 sites around the country, students in the borderline and mild MR range lost an …
Cast in Six Ponds and You'll Reel in Something
The author describes his program of research over the past 25 years. This research falls into 6 areas that are interdependent and that inform each other. The overall program is guided by 3 bioecological principles that posit the need for proximal processes and motivation to actualize biological potential. The author presents examples of experiments that fall into each of the 6 areas and show that human potential is highly contextualized and that,…
The Development of Real-World Knowledge and Reasoning in Real-World Contexts
The nature of children’s true and false narratives
Intelligence
Ulric Neisser (Chair) Gwyneth Boodoo Thomas J. Bouchard, Jr. A. Wade Boykin Nathan Brody Stephen J. Ceci Diane E Halpern John C. Loehlin Robert Perloff Robert J. Sternberg Susana Urbina Emory University Educational Testing Service, Princeton, New Jersey University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Howard University Wesleyan University Cornell University California State University, San Bernardino University of Texas, Austin University of Pittsburgh Yale …
How much does schooling influence general intelligence and its cognitive components? A reassessment of the evidence
This is a review of the relationship between schooling, IQ, and the cognitive processes presumed to underpin IQ. The data suggest that much of the causal pathway between IQ and schooling points in the direction of the importance of the quantity of schooling one attains (highest grade successfully completed). Schooling fosters the development of cognitive processes that underpin performance on most IQ tests. In western nations, schooling conveys t…
Women's underrepresentation in science
The underrepresentation of women at the top of math-intensive fields is controversial, with competing claims of biological and sociocultural causation. The authors develop a framework to delineate possible causal pathways and evaluate evidence for each. Biological evidence is contradictory and inconclusive. Although cross-cultural and cross-cohort differences suggest a powerful effect of sociocultural context, evidence for specific factors is inc…
Jumping on the Bandwagon With the Underdog
An experimental design was used to examine the effect which previous polling information about candidate preference had upon subsequent polling responses. Subjects were given one of three types of information (Carter commanding a lead, Reagan commanding a lead, no information about current poll results) at two different points in time. This yielded nine information conditions. The data clearly demonstrate that both strength of attitude and candid…
The Rhetoric and Reality of Gap Closing
Many forms of intervention, across different domains, have the surprising effect of widening preexisting gaps between disadvantaged youth and their advantaged counterparts--if such interventions are made available to all students, not just to the disadvantaged. Whether this widening of gaps is incongruent with American interests and values requires an awareness of this gap-widening potential when interventions are universalized and a national pol…
When and where do we apply what we learn
Despite a century's worth of research, arguments surrounding the question of whether far transfer occurs have made little progress toward resolution. The authors argue the reason for this confusion is a failure to specify various dimensions along which transfer can occur, resulting in comparisons of "apples and oranges." They provide a framework that describes 9 relevant dimensions and show that the literature can productively be classified along…
The effects of stereotypes and suggestions on preschoolers' reports
Children's (N = 176) reported memories of a strange man's visit were studied. Three- to 6-year-olds were interviewed repeatedly after the event in one of the following conditions: (a) control, in which no interviews contained suggestive questions; (b) stereotype, in which children were given previsit expectations about the stranger; (c) suggestion, in which interviews contained erroneous suggestions about misdeeds committed by the stranger; and (…
Disclosure of Child Sexual Abuse
The empirical basis for the child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome (CSAAS), a theoretical model that posits that sexually abused children frequently display secrecy, tentative disclosures, and retractions of abuse statements was reviewed. Two data sources were evaluated: retrospective studies of adults’ reports of having been abused as children and concurrent or chart-review studies of children undergoing evaluation or treatment for sexual abu…
Reliability and credibility of young children's reports
The effects of repeated experience on children's suggestibility
The effect of suggestive questions on 3- to 5-year-old and 6- to 8-year-old children's recall of the final occurrence of a repeated event was examined. The event included fixed (identical) items as well as variable items where a new instantiation represented the item in each occurrence of the series. Relative to reports of children who participated in a single occurrence, children's reports about fixed items of the repeated event were more accura…
Amicus brief for the case of State of New Jersey v. Michaels presented by Committee of Concerned Social Scientists
Adversarial collaboration
Open Science initiatives such as preregistration, publicly available procedures and data, and power analyses have rightly been lauded for increasing the reliability of findings. However, a potentially equally important initiative-aimed at increasing the validity of science-has largely been ignored. Adversarial collaborations (ACs) refer to team science in which members are chosen to represent diverse (and even contradictory) perspectives and hypo…
Scientists' Attitudes toward Data Sharing
Numerous proposals have been put forward in recent years to encourage or require scientists to share their data with interested parties, especially data collected with public funding (e.g., Cecil and Griffin 1983). Whenever someone proposes a new scheme to encourage the sharing of data that were gathered with the support of federal dollars, one envisions physicists being permitted to visit their colleagues' NSF-funded supercomputers or the swappi…
Assessing Gender Bias in Particle Physics and Social Science Recommendations for Academic Jobs
We investigated gender bias in letters of recommendation as a possible cause of the under-representation of women in Experimental Particle Physics (EPP), where about 15% of faculty are female—well below the 60% level in psychology and sociology. We analyzed 2206 letters in EPP and these two social sciences using standard lexical measures as well as two new measures: author status and an open-ended search for gendered language. In contrast to form…
Urie Bronfenbrenner (1917-2005)
Presents an obituary for Urie Bronfenbrenner (1917-2005). Before Urie Bronfenbrenner, child psychologists studied the child, sociologists the family, anthropologists the society, economists the economic framework, and political scientists the structure. As the result of Urie's extension of the concept of the ecology of human development, these environments--from the family to economic and political structures--are viewed as part of the life cours…
Children's allegations of sexual abuse
Automatic and purposive semantic processing characteristics of normal and language/learning-disabled children
Are Claims of Fairness Toward Women in the Academy “Manufactured”? The Risk of Basing Arguments on Incomplete Data
The role of IQ and education in predicting later labor market outcomes
More on the repressed memory debate
Adult recollections of childhood abuse
Increasingly during the 1980s, the specters of two equally awful phenomena arose. Genuine sexual victimization became more and more visible, and many victims were not believed when they came forward. A separate but also painful problem is the realization that innocent people have been accused of these crimes, with attendant devastation for themselves and their families. An understanding of these two types of life-shattering phenomena requires a c…
General intelligence and life success
Structural analysis of memory traces in children from 4 to 10 years of age
Structural analysis of memory traces in children from 4 to 10 years of age
Children's long‐term memory for information that is incongruous with their prior knowledge
Seven‐ and 10‐year‐olds listened to a tape‐recorded story. In one version, familiar television characters were described as having attributes that were incongruous with those that the children thought them to have. For example, Six Million Dollar Man was said to be too weak to carry a can of paint. Immediately after hearing the story, half of the children were asked to rate the characters on the basis of their descriptions and behaviour in the st…
Peer-review practices of psychological journals
A growing interest in and concern about the adequacy and fairness of modern peer-review practices in publication and funding are apparent across a wide range of scientific disciplines. Although questions about reliability, accountability, reviewer bias, and competence have been raised, there has been very little direct research on these variables. The present investigation was an attempt to study the peer-review process directly, in the natural s…
Jumping on the Bandwagon With the Underdog
An experimental design was used to examine the effect which previous polling information about candidate preference had upon subsequent polling responses. Subjects were given one of three types of information (Carter commanding a lead, Reagan commanding a lead, no information about current poll results) at two different points in time. This yielded nine information conditions. The data clearly demonstrate that both strength of attitude and candid…
Private archives and public needs
Private archives and public needs
Automatic and purposive semantic processing characteristics of normal and language/learning-disabled children
Letters of reference
How blind is blind review
Human subjects review, personal values, and the regulation of social science research
Obesity and protection from risk
Obesity and protection from risk
Scientists' Attitudes toward Data Sharing
Numerous proposals have been put forward in recent years to encourage or require scientists to share their data with interested parties, especially data collected with public funding (e.g., Cecil and Griffin 1983). Whenever someone proposes a new scheme to encourage the sharing of data that were gathered with the support of federal dollars, one envisions physicists being permitted to visit their colleagues' NSF-funded supercomputers or the swappi…
Perspectives on Children’s Testimony
Perspectives on Children's Testimony presents current empirical research on the factors which influence adults' perceptions of the child witness. This volume provides researchers in both the psycholog
On the demise of everyday memory
On the demise of everyday memory
How much does schooling influence general intelligence and its cognitive components? A reassessment of the evidence
This is a review of the relationship between schooling, IQ, and the cognitive processes presumed to underpin IQ. The data suggest that much of the causal pathway between IQ and schooling points in the direction of the importance of the quantity of schooling one attains (highest grade successfully completed). Schooling fosters the development of cognitive processes that underpin performance on most IQ tests. In western nations, schooling conveys t…
The New Intelligence Theorists Old Liberals in New Guises
Contextual Trends in Intellectual Development
I argue that the historical rupture between paradigms and theories rooted in the acontextual processing accounts of classical physics (e.g., Ebbinghaus, 1885/ 1913) and those rooted in contextualist accounts like Bartlett′s (1932) is being bridged by an emerging trend to incorporate elements from both traditions into a unified account of cognitive development. Two such accounts are the Bio-ecological Theory of intellectual development and the Tri…
Suggestibility of the child witness
Suggestibility of the child witness
The field of children's testimony is in turmoil, but a resolution to seemingly intractable debates now appears attainable. In this review, we place the current disagreement in historical context and describe psychological and legal views of child witnesses held by scholars since the turn of the 20th century. Although there has been consistent interest in children's suggestibility over the past century, the past 15 years have been the most active …
The Institutional Review Board as a mirror of scientific and ethical standards
The Institutional Review Board as a mirror of scientific and ethical standards
Decisions by institutional review boards (IRBs) are presumed to reflect the norms and standards of the scientific community. Such criteria have shifted as changes have occurred in experimental interventions and protocols, codes of federal regulatory agencies, norms among investigators, and expectations of participants. The tension created by shifting norms and standards raises two questions: (a) Should IRBs evaluate the scientific (e.g., design) …
Nature-nurture reconceptualized in developmental perspective
In response to Anastasi's (1958) long-standing challenge, the authors propose an empirically testable theoretical model that (a) goes beyond and qualifies the established behavioral genetics paradigm by allowing for nonadditive synergistic effects, direct measures of the environment, and mechanisms of organism-environment interaction, called proximal processes, through which genotypes are transformed into phenotypes; (b) hypothesizes that estimat…
Repeatedly Thinking about a Non-event
In this paper we review the factors alleged to be responsible for the creation of inaccurate reports among preschool-aged children, focusing on so-called "source misattribution errors." We present the first round of results from an ongoing program of research that suggests that source misattributions could be a powerful mechanism underlying children′s false beliefs about having experienced fictitious events. Preliminary findings from this program…
Psychology (70 obras) · Developmental psychology (32 obras) · Social Psychology (21 obras) · Political science (19 obras) · Computer Science (18 obras) · Cognitive psychology (16 obras) · Memory Processes and Influences (16 obras) · Sociology (15 obras) · Social Psychology (14 obras) · Cognitive Abilities and Testing (13 obras)