Andrew J Pollard
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 224484 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Andrew J Pollard |
| PRENOMES | Andrew J |
| SOBRENOME | Pollard |
| ASSINATURA | POLLARD A J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Oxford |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7361-719X |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 33 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 81 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 33 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1982 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
Willingness to accept paediatric blood sample collection for clinical research purposes in Nepal
Blood sample collection is essential for clinical research but can be challenging due to cultural beliefs, emotional responses, and misconceptions. This can escalate in paediatric settings. Despite the growing landscape of clinical research, evidence from South Asia remains limited. This study explores the factors influencing willingness to accept paediatric blood sample collection for clinical research in Nepal, drawing on experiences from a cli…
Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990–2021
BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses an important global health challenge in the 21st century. A previous study has quantified the global and regional burden of AMR for 2019, followed with additional publications that provided more detailed estimates for several WHO regions by country. To date, there have been no studies that produce comprehensive estimates of AMR burden across locations that encompass historical trends and future for…
Co-producing Human and Animal Experimental Subjects
Preclinical (animal) testing and human testing of drugs and vaccines are rarely considered by social scientists side by side. Where this is done, it is typically for theoretically exploring the ethics of the two situations to compare relative treatment. In contrast, we empirically explore how human clinical trial participants understand the role of animal test subjects in vaccine development. Furthermore, social science research has only concentr…
Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy in the UK
Background Our aim was to estimate provisional willingness to receive a coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine, identify predictive socio-demographic factors, and, principally, determine potential causes in order to guide information provision. Methods A non-probability online survey was conducted (24th September−17th October 2020) with 5,114 UK adults, quota sampled to match the population for age, gender, ethnicity, income, and region. The Oxford …
Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in children younger than 5 years in 2019
BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of acute lower respiratory infection in young children. We previously estimated that in 2015, 33·1 million episodes of RSV-associated acute lower respiratory infection occurred in children aged 0-60 months, resulting in a total of 118 200 deaths worldwide. Since then, several community surveillance studies have been done to obtain a more precise estimation of RSV associated co…
Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against Sars-CoV-2
Background A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. Methods This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Afri…
Challenges in ensuring global access to Covid-19 vaccines
Vaccine nationalism and internationalism
BACKGROUND: Vaccine nationalism has become a key topic of discussion during the development, testing, and rollout of COVID-19 vaccines. Media attention has highlighted the ways that global, coordinated access to vaccines has been limited during the pandemic. It has also exposed how some countries have secured vaccine supply, through bilateral purchase agreements and the way pharmaceutical companies have priced, negotiated, and delivered these sup…
Vaccine safety issues at the turn of the 21st century
Global gains in vaccination coverage during the early 21st century have been threatened by the emergence of antivaccination groups that have questioned the effectiveness of vaccines to generate public distrust of vaccines and immunisation programmes. This manuscript summarises six key topics that have been at the centre of global discussions on vaccine safety during the early 21st century: thiomersal in multi-dose non-live vaccines, aluminium adj…
Online Social Endorsement and Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in the United Kingdom
We explore the implications of online social endorsement for the Covid-19 vaccination program in the United Kingdom. Vaccine hesitancy is a long-standing problem, but it has assumed great urgency due to the pandemic. By early 2021, the United Kingdom had the world's highest Covid-19 mortality per million of population. Our survey of a nationally representative sample of UK adults ( N = 5,114) measured socio-demographics, social and political atti…
Payment in challenge studies
Controlled Human Infection Model (CHIM) research involves the infection of otherwise healthy participants with disease often for the sake of vaccine development. The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasised the urgency of enhancing CHIM research capability and the importance of having clear ethical guidance for their conduct. The payment of CHIM participants is a controversial issue involving stakeholders across ethics, medicine and policymaking with all…
The Family Context of Assent
Assent guidelines currently fail to include an assessment of a child's decision‐making ability, experience and interest. This paper summarises a two‐stage study, conducted in the United Kingdom, exploring perspectives on children's decision‐making power and ability within their family, as an indicator for overall decision‐making readiness. Children desired to make some decisions but knew their parents held ultimate authority. Parents believed the…
Web-Based Journals in the Classroom
The use of Web 2.0 in the language classroom is an area of exploration and interest to many. In recent years, much research has looked at the use of blogs in the assistance of language development, and this paper continues in a similar fashion. One key area where this paper adds to the field however, is that it looks at a Web 2.0 portal specifically aimed at language learners; the portal in question is Lang-8, which in conjunction with being simi…
TLRP’s ten principles for effective pedagogy
The ESRC Teaching and Learning Research Programme (TLRP) worked for ten years to improve outcomes for learners across the United Kingdom. Individual projects within the Programme focused on different research questions and utilised a range of methods and theoretical resources. Across-programme thematic seminar series and task groups enabled emerging findings to be analysed, synthesised and communicated to wider audiences. One outcome of this acti…
International perspectives on research capacity building
Extended Review
The Role Familiarity With Science and Medicine Plays in Parents’ Decision Making About Enrolling a Child in Vaccine Research
Parental consent to children’s participation in vaccine research has resulted in the licensure of essential vaccines. Recruitment to this type of research is typically difficult, however, and many parents decline. In this study, the authors interviewed parents about their decision for or against enrolling their child in a vaccine study. The data analysis suggests that parents’ ability to evaluate a vaccine study depends on how attuned they are wi…
The Identity and Learning Programme
This paper offers a case study of the evolution of what is believed to be the earliest UK longitudinal ethnography in the field of education—and discussion of some issues arising. As such, it is a contribution to the contemporary methodological development of qualitative longitudinal research. The Identity and Learning Programme tracked the learning, identity and pupil careers of two cohorts of children from very different socio-economic communit…
Learning, differentiation and strategic action in secondary education
This paper reports on the social factors influencing the learning of two cohorts of school students and their experience of compulsory secondary education in a city in southern England—the secondary schooling phase of a 12‐year, longitudinal ethnographic study that also tracked the same children’s experiences through primary schooling. We embed our report of secondary school findings within the theoretical models and understandings generated by t…
The UK's Teaching and Learning Research Programme
Anthropological and Sociological Perspectives on the Study of Children
Explorations in teaching and learning
This article takes a broad, and somewhat personal, sweep across the last 30 years or so of educational history in the United Kingdom (UK)and highlights some of the challenges concerning research, policy and practice on teaching and learning which developed over the period. Issues associated with academic agency are considered and a narrative of the author's academic biography, particularly associated with primary education, is used to illustrate …
Ecological and landscape effects of afforestation at a second rotation plantation
Ecological and aesthetic criticisms of commercial coniferous plantings in the early 20th century, together with growing environmental awareness of issues such as multiple‐use, sustainability and biodiversity, have prompted new policies and approaches to forest management. This paper examines the management and development of Fernworthy Plantation, Devon to illustrate the extent to which the management strategies have changed through time in respo…
The Social World of Children's Learning
Changing English Primary Schools
A Model of Classroom Coping Strategies
This paper represents an attempt to construct a theoretical model with which to analyse the social context and genesis of classroom coping strategies, thereby linking macro‐ and micro‐factors. I approach this firstly through a critique of A. Hargreaves’ analysis which tends to emphasise macro‐factors and constraints on teacher action. I suggest that this analysis should be balanced and augmented by recognition of more independent and creative act…
Online Social Endorsement and Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in the United Kingdom
We explore the implications of online social endorsement for the Covid-19 vaccination program in the United Kingdom. Vaccine hesitancy is a long-standing problem, but it has assumed great urgency due to the pandemic. By early 2021, the United Kingdom had the world's highest Covid-19 mortality per million of population. Our survey of a nationally representative sample of UK adults ( N = 5,114) measured socio-demographics, social and political atti…
Teachers and education policy
Four models are outlined for describing and analysing the role of teachers in the formulation of educational policy and the resulting processes of change. The model of teachers as partners in education policy making draws on a pluralist view of political processes and an assumption of a degree of autonomy for teachers and schools. A model of teachers as implementers of change draws a sharp distinction between the processes of policy making and po…
Towards a Sociology of Learning in Primary Schools
In this paper the aim is to highlight the absence of a sociology of learning in relation to primary education. Further, it is argued that there is considerable scope for cooperation between psychologists and sociologists in tackling this issue and one way will be explored in which this could be achieved by drawing on social constructivist psychology and symbolic interactionist sociology. In support of this suggestion, some brief illustrative mate…
The Identity and Learning Programme
This paper offers a case study of the evolution of what is believed to be the earliest UK longitudinal ethnography in the field of education—and discussion of some issues arising. As such, it is a contribution to the contemporary methodological development of qualitative longitudinal research. The Identity and Learning Programme tracked the learning, identity and pupil careers of two cohorts of children from very different socio-economic communit…
Coping Strategies and the Multiplication of Differentiation in Infant Classrooms
TLRP’s ten principles for effective pedagogy
The ESRC Teaching and Learning Research Programme (TLRP) worked for ten years to improve outcomes for learners across the United Kingdom. Individual projects within the Programme focused on different research questions and utilised a range of methods and theoretical resources. Across-programme thematic seminar series and task groups enabled emerging findings to be analysed, synthesised and communicated to wider audiences. One outcome of this acti…
Learning, differentiation and strategic action in secondary education
This paper reports on the social factors influencing the learning of two cohorts of school students and their experience of compulsory secondary education in a city in southern England—the secondary schooling phase of a 12‐year, longitudinal ethnographic study that also tracked the same children’s experiences through primary schooling. We embed our report of secondary school findings within the theoretical models and understandings generated by t…
Explorations in teaching and learning
This article takes a broad, and somewhat personal, sweep across the last 30 years or so of educational history in the United Kingdom (UK)and highlights some of the challenges concerning research, policy and practice on teaching and learning which developed over the period. Issues associated with academic agency are considered and a narrative of the author's academic biography, particularly associated with primary education, is used to illustrate …
Some Sink, Some Float
This article considers the Government's stated aims of introducing to British primary schools an assessment process which would be simultaneously criterion‐referenced, formative, moderated, related to progression and evaluative. Accountability, which has provided the main rationale for the process, presupposes reliability. In 1991, as part of the Bristol Primary Assessment, Curriculum and Experience (PACE) research, the same Standard Assessment T…
International perspectives on research capacity building
The UK's Teaching and Learning Research Programme
Co-producing Human and Animal Experimental Subjects
Preclinical (animal) testing and human testing of drugs and vaccines are rarely considered by social scientists side by side. Where this is done, it is typically for theoretically exploring the ethics of the two situations to compare relative treatment. In contrast, we empirically explore how human clinical trial participants understand the role of animal test subjects in vaccine development. Furthermore, social science research has only concentr…
Ecological and landscape effects of afforestation at a second rotation plantation
Ecological and aesthetic criticisms of commercial coniferous plantings in the early 20th century, together with growing environmental awareness of issues such as multiple‐use, sustainability and biodiversity, have prompted new policies and approaches to forest management. This paper examines the management and development of Fernworthy Plantation, Devon to illustrate the extent to which the management strategies have changed through time in respo…
Pupils’ Learning, Identity and Social Context
This paper provides an analysis of social factors which influence the sense of identity and approach to learning of young children. The analysis is set in the context of a critique of national education policies which fail to appreciate the importance of the engagement of learners in learning processes. However, it focuses at a more detailed level on the social dynamics between children and parents, siblings, peers and teachers and the ways in wh…
A Model of Classroom Coping Strategies
This paper represents an attempt to construct a theoretical model with which to analyse the social context and genesis of classroom coping strategies, thereby linking macro‐ and micro‐factors. I approach this firstly through a critique of A. Hargreaves’ analysis which tends to emphasise macro‐factors and constraints on teacher action. I suggest that this analysis should be balanced and augmented by recognition of more independent and creative act…
Coping Strategies and the Multiplication of Differentiation in Infant Classrooms
Pupils and Transfer
These studies provide a fascinating example of the strengths and weaknesses of different styles of research and, at the same time, provide a rich source of data and analysis on pupils views of transfer between schools. Such research is particularly welcome at this time for it provides some counterpoint to the concern with 'curriculum continuity' which, on transfer issues, has been given such a high profile in recent public discussions and in HMI …
British Primary Education
Towards a Sociology of Learning in Primary Schools
In this paper the aim is to highlight the absence of a sociology of learning in relation to primary education. Further, it is argued that there is considerable scope for cooperation between psychologists and sociologists in tackling this issue and one way will be explored in which this could be achieved by drawing on social constructivist psychology and symbolic interactionist sociology. In support of this suggestion, some brief illustrative mate…
Pupils’ Learning, Identity and Social Context
This paper provides an analysis of social factors which influence the sense of identity and approach to learning of young children. The analysis is set in the context of a critique of national education policies which fail to appreciate the importance of the engagement of learners in learning processes. However, it focuses at a more detailed level on the social dynamics between children and parents, siblings, peers and teachers and the ways in wh…
Some Sink, Some Float
This article considers the Government's stated aims of introducing to British primary schools an assessment process which would be simultaneously criterion‐referenced, formative, moderated, related to progression and evaluative. Accountability, which has provided the main rationale for the process, presupposes reliability. In 1991, as part of the Bristol Primary Assessment, Curriculum and Experience (PACE) research, the same Standard Assessment T…
Teachers and education policy
Four models are outlined for describing and analysing the role of teachers in the formulation of educational policy and the resulting processes of change. The model of teachers as partners in education policy making draws on a pluralist view of political processes and an assumption of a degree of autonomy for teachers and schools. A model of teachers as implementers of change draws a sharp distinction between the processes of policy making and po…
Changing English Primary Schools
The Social World of Children's Learning
Ecological and landscape effects of afforestation at a second rotation plantation
Ecological and aesthetic criticisms of commercial coniferous plantings in the early 20th century, together with growing environmental awareness of issues such as multiple‐use, sustainability and biodiversity, have prompted new policies and approaches to forest management. This paper examines the management and development of Fernworthy Plantation, Devon to illustrate the extent to which the management strategies have changed through time in respo…
Anthropological and Sociological Perspectives on the Study of Children
Explorations in teaching and learning
This article takes a broad, and somewhat personal, sweep across the last 30 years or so of educational history in the United Kingdom (UK)and highlights some of the challenges concerning research, policy and practice on teaching and learning which developed over the period. Issues associated with academic agency are considered and a narrative of the author's academic biography, particularly associated with primary education, is used to illustrate …
The Role Familiarity With Science and Medicine Plays in Parents’ Decision Making About Enrolling a Child in Vaccine Research
Parental consent to children’s participation in vaccine research has resulted in the licensure of essential vaccines. Recruitment to this type of research is typically difficult, however, and many parents decline. In this study, the authors interviewed parents about their decision for or against enrolling their child in a vaccine study. The data analysis suggests that parents’ ability to evaluate a vaccine study depends on how attuned they are wi…
The Identity and Learning Programme
This paper offers a case study of the evolution of what is believed to be the earliest UK longitudinal ethnography in the field of education—and discussion of some issues arising. As such, it is a contribution to the contemporary methodological development of qualitative longitudinal research. The Identity and Learning Programme tracked the learning, identity and pupil careers of two cohorts of children from very different socio-economic communit…
Learning, differentiation and strategic action in secondary education
This paper reports on the social factors influencing the learning of two cohorts of school students and their experience of compulsory secondary education in a city in southern England—the secondary schooling phase of a 12‐year, longitudinal ethnographic study that also tracked the same children’s experiences through primary schooling. We embed our report of secondary school findings within the theoretical models and understandings generated by t…
The UK's Teaching and Learning Research Programme
Extended Review
TLRP’s ten principles for effective pedagogy
The ESRC Teaching and Learning Research Programme (TLRP) worked for ten years to improve outcomes for learners across the United Kingdom. Individual projects within the Programme focused on different research questions and utilised a range of methods and theoretical resources. Across-programme thematic seminar series and task groups enabled emerging findings to be analysed, synthesised and communicated to wider audiences. One outcome of this acti…
International perspectives on research capacity building
Web-Based Journals in the Classroom
The use of Web 2.0 in the language classroom is an area of exploration and interest to many. In recent years, much research has looked at the use of blogs in the assistance of language development, and this paper continues in a similar fashion. One key area where this paper adds to the field however, is that it looks at a Web 2.0 portal specifically aimed at language learners; the portal in question is Lang-8, which in conjunction with being simi…
The Family Context of Assent
Assent guidelines currently fail to include an assessment of a child's decision‐making ability, experience and interest. This paper summarises a two‐stage study, conducted in the United Kingdom, exploring perspectives on children's decision‐making power and ability within their family, as an indicator for overall decision‐making readiness. Children desired to make some decisions but knew their parents held ultimate authority. Parents believed the…
Payment in challenge studies
Controlled Human Infection Model (CHIM) research involves the infection of otherwise healthy participants with disease often for the sake of vaccine development. The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasised the urgency of enhancing CHIM research capability and the importance of having clear ethical guidance for their conduct. The payment of CHIM participants is a controversial issue involving stakeholders across ethics, medicine and policymaking with all…
Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against Sars-CoV-2
Background A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. Methods This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Afri…
Challenges in ensuring global access to Covid-19 vaccines
Sociology (20 obras) · Psychology (18 obras) · Political science (15 obras) · Pedagogy (13 obras) · Medicine (10 obras) · Mathematics education (8 obras) · Social science (8 obras) · Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy (8 obras) · Law (7 obras) · Educator Training and Historical Pedagogy (6 obras)