Erik P Bucy
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 239980 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Erik P Bucy |
| PRENOMES | Erik P |
| SOBRENOME | Bucy |
| ASSINATURA | BUCY E P |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Texas Tech University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4925-2244 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 66 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 212 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 63 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 3 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1999 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
The Power of Visual Framing in the Age of AI
This invited forum explores the complexity and power of visual framing in the field of journalism and mass communication. The forum brings together leading visual communication scholars who offer insights into how images continue to shape meaning and audience interpretations in an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven social media landscape. Contributions discuss framing as a constructive act of power, the interpretive agency of audiences, the inte…
Fact-Checking as News Framing in the Age of AI
In their everyday work, journalists are tasked with detecting and correcting misinformation. As technology advances, these efforts have become increasingly reliant on automation. Research on journalism’s “debunking turn” focuses on AI’s role in fact-checking routines; content analyses uncover frames about AI within news stories. Yet scholarship rarely treats journalistic fact-checking itself as a framing practice. Embracing this view, this articl…
The Necessary Evolution of Mass Communication Research in a Fragmenting Media Landscape
With the ongoing evolution of media channels, debates over the concept of mass communication have been reignited. When we live in a society of filter bubbles and AI-generated content, the very notion of a large uniform audience has been undermined. Indeed, the process of mass communication looks different today than in the early days of the field, which naturally affects how to define and measure media effects. In this forum, leading communicatio…
From Internet Meme to the Mainstream
This project investigates the diffusion of hateful visual symbology in news coverage from 2015 to 2023, focusing on Pepe the Frog, a meme often linked with alt-right ideologies. Using a multimodal large language model, Large Language and Visual Assistant (LLaVA), along with structural topic modeling and qualitative visual analysis, we analyzed 4,707 articles and 6,384 images featuring Pepe across time. Our mixed-methods analysis finds that Pepe a…
Agentic but Not Aggressive
This study assesses the state of political candidates’ verbal and nonverbal expressive behaviors during televised debates in four Latin American countries (Mexico, Colombia, Peru, and Argentina), a region largely overlooked in debate studies where uncivil behavior driven by populism and related ideologies is on the rise. Using human annotation for both descriptive analysis and training and validation of machine learning classifiers, we analyzed 9…
Mapping Media Developments and Issues
This study analyzed JMCQ articles in the specific topic area of mass communication technology and media channels, overall and across four 20-year periods. Primary topics changed from emphasizing media industry and policy issues, international issues of information freedom, audience research, and WWII media issues in early periods to more specific regulatory issues, ratings and audience analyses, macro and social issues, and media technology devel…
Building an ICCN Multimodal Classifier of Aggressive Political Debate Style
Understanding the implications of aggressive political debate style amid corrosive modes of campaign politics requires fine-grained analyses of political performance, attending to multiple communication modalities. Politicians’ facial expressions, emotional tone, and speech content can all independently convey aggression and dominance, and often work in combination for purposes of emphasis. Yet micro-coding individual visual, tonal, and verbal fe…
Emotional response to U.K. political party leader facial displays of affiliation, reward, and ambiguity during Brexit
Objective On December 12, 2019, the United Kingdom's ruling Conservative Party called an election that put the country's 2016 “Brexit” referendum on leaving the European Union to the test. The divisive campaign and a polarized electorate culminated in large losses by opposition Labour and Liberal Democratic parties. Amid a polarized electorate, lingering questions arise as to whether the election results reflect more upon partisan ties or the res…
Moral panics about the integrity of information in democratic systems
Contemporary concerns about the integrity of information are not easily dismissible as merely a perennial cycle of moral panic. In an attempt to provide context and map territory for future research, this conceptual paper draws comparisons between disinformation, the deliberate fabrication and dissemination of false information, and tabloid news – a news format with a century’s old reputation for sparking consternation over journalistic truth tel…
Knowledge of automated journalism moderates evaluations of algorithmically generated news
Drawing on propositions from the HAII-TIME (Human–artificial intelligence [AI] Interaction and the Theory of Interactive Media Effects) and Persuasion Knowledge Model, this study examines how knowledge of automated journalism (AJ) moderates the evaluation of algorithmically generated news. Experiment 1 demonstrates the utility of process-related knowledge in user evaluations of agency: individuals with little knowledge of AJ prefer attributions o…
In Memoriam
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Media-centric and Politics-centric Views of Media and Democracy
Political communication is a dynamic, interdisciplinary field that has grown in stature and reach in recent decades, becoming more international in scope and orientation while gaining respect in political science as a legitimate area of inquiry. In the evolving and participatory media-politics landscape, it becomes important to ask how the cross-disciplinary project of political communication research is keeping pace with changing conditions that…
Effects of Self-Presentation Strategy and Tie Strength on Facebook Users’ Happiness and Subjective Vitality
Visual Portrayals of People in Need
As conflicts flare around the world, images of refugees have become a familiar presence in Western media. Drawing on existing accounts of visual influence, this analysis explores how (un)sympathetic refugee portrayals in news accounts affect distant viewers’ compassion responses and refugee policy attitudes. The study reports the results of three survey experiments, in Sweden, the United States, and the UK, involving 25 unique images and over 4,5…
Performing populism
Populism, as many have observed, is a communication phenomenon as much as a coherent ideology whose mass appeal stems from the fiery articulation of core positions, notably hostility toward “others,” bias against elites in favor of “the people,” and the transgressive delivery of those messages. Yet much of what we know about populist communication is based on analysis of candidate pronouncements, the verbal message conveyed at political events an…
Conferring Resistance to Digital Disinformation
Despite the pervasiveness of digital disinformation in society, little is known about the individual characteristics that make some users more susceptible to erroneous information uptake than others, effectively dividing the media audience into prone and resistant groups. This study identifies and tests procedural news knowledge as a consequential civic resource with the capacity to inoculate audiences from disinformation and close this “resistan…
Interpreting Images of Fracking
The news media’s increased reliance on visual communication to illustrate complex processes and promote learning stresses the importance of investigating how visual content impacts the understanding of scientific issues. In this paper, we investigate how members of the public interpret and make sense of differentially framed images of hydraulic fracturing (fracking) depicting environmental risk, economic benefit, or issue protest. For the analysi…
The Personalization of Campaigns
Nonverbal cues are important elements of persuasive communication whose influence in political debates are receiving renewed attention. Recent advances in political debate research have been driven by biologically grounded explanations of behavior that draw on evolutionary theory and view televised debates as contests for social dominance. The application of biobehavioral coding to televised presidential debates opens new vistas for investigating…
Empirical support for the media participation hypothesis
This study empirically examines the media participation hypothesis advanced by Bucy, analyzing the influence of traditional and participatory media use across six US presidential elections. Multivariate analyses of American National Elections Study data demonstrate that as participatory media become more prevalent and utilized in an electoral system, corresponding and statistically significant increases in political system efficacy—the perception…
Special issue introduction
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A scholarly divide
Recent decades have witnessed an increased growth in data generated by information, communication, and technological systems, giving birth to the ‘Big Data’ paradigm. Despite the profusion of raw data being captured by social media platforms, Big Data require specialized skills to parse and analyze — and even with the requisite skills, social media data are not readily available to download. Thus, the Big Data paradigm has not produced a coincide…
Coproduction or cooptation? Real-time spin and social media response during the 2012 French and US presidential debates
When style obscures substance
As with the first televised debates in 1960, the 2012 US presidential debates accentuated the importance of nonverbal behavior in political competition, with President Obama receiving widespread criticism for his disengaged and arguably inappropriate communication style in the first debate. To investigate the perceptual impact of such nonverbal expectancy violations, this study first employs an experimental design to examine the consequence of in…
Nonverbal Influence and the Expanding Boundaries of Political Communication Research
Research on the visual and nonverbal aspects of political communication is experiencing a renaissance of sorts, expanding the boundaries of an already innovative and dynamic branch of cross-disciplinary scholarship. The articles assembled in this special issue represent the breadth of work now occurring at this vibrant crossroads of scholarly inquiry. This introduction discusses each contribution while providing an overview of the entire issue
The Look of Losing, Then and Now
This article asks whether losing in a political debate is associated with a set of visible, empirically verifiable nonverbal indicators that correspond to physical weakness, pronounced stress, evasive or fearful behavior, and other outward signs of secondary or subordinate status. To answer this question, a comparative content analysis of the first 1960 and 2012 U.S. presidential debates is performed, contrasting the "losing" performance of Richa…
Performing populism
Populism, as many have observed, is a communication phenomenon as much as a coherent ideology whose mass appeal stems from the fiery articulation of core positions, notably hostility toward “others,” bias against elites in favor of “the people,” and the transgressive delivery of those messages. Yet much of what we know about populist communication is based on analysis of candidate pronouncements, the verbal message conveyed at political events an…
Social Access to the Internet
The relative costs and expertise associated with using the Internet, labeled technological and social access, have led to a concern about the rise of a “digital divide” between information haves and have-nots. To address whether and to what extent the Internet has become a medium of the masses and to identify the factors associated with social access to the Internet, I examine Internet use data from two statewide surveys, the Carolina Poll and th…
Happy warriors” Revisited
Absent from most analyses of political news are detailed assessments of the candidates' nonverbal behavior, which has been shown experimentally to have considerable persuasive influence. Unlike attractiveness and other relatively stable aspects of appearance, facial displays are highly variable and reveal important moment-to-moment information about the emitter's internal state. In this paper we argue that facial displays are influential elements…
Conceptualizing Media Stimuli in Experimental Research
This paper argues for a clearer conceptualization of media stimuli in experimental research and identifies 3 issues impeding our understanding of message processing: (a) assumptions bolstered by manipulation checks about homogeneity of response to media stimuli, (b) conflation of 2 different classes of variables—media attributes and psychological states, and (c) discrepancies between the conceptual model and operational-level hypotheses used to t…
When style obscures substance
As with the first televised debates in 1960, the 2012 US presidential debates accentuated the importance of nonverbal behavior in political competition, with President Obama receiving widespread criticism for his disengaged and arguably inappropriate communication style in the first debate. To investigate the perceptual impact of such nonverbal expectancy violations, this study first employs an experimental design to examine the consequence of in…
The Power of Television Images in a Social Media Age
There is considerable controversy surrounding the study of presidential debates, particularly efforts to connect their content and impact. Research has long debated whether the citizenry reacts to what candidates say, how they say it, or simply how they appear. This study uses detailed coding of the first 2012 debate between Barack Obama and Mitt Romney to test the relative influence of the candidates' verbal persuasiveness and nonverbal features…
Interactivity in Society
Interactivity has been identified as a core concept of new media, yet despite nearly three decades of study and analysis, we scarcely know what interactivity is, let alone what it does, and have scant insight into the conditions in which interactive processes are likely to be consequential for members of a social system. This article attempts to address this deficiency by critiquing three self-defeating tendencies and an erroneous assumption of i…
Strengthening bonds and connecting with followers
The smiles and affiliative expressions of presidential candidates are important for political success, allowing contenders to nonverbally connect with potential supporters and bond with followers. Smiles, however, are not unitary displays; they are multifaceted in composition and signaling intent due to variations in performance. With this in mind, we examine the composition and perception of smiling behavior by Republican presidential candidates…
Media Participation
This article reconsiders civic involvement and citizen empowerment in the light of interactive media and elaborates the concept of media participation. Departing from conventional notions of political activity which downplay the participatory opportunities inherent in communication media, the authors argue that since 1992 new media formats have made accessible to citizens a political system that had become highly orchestrated, professionalized an…
Coproduction or cooptation? Real-time spin and social media response during the 2012 French and US presidential debates
Emotion, Presidential Communication, and Traumatic News
During traumatic national events, attention to the news and scrutiny of leader communication becomes particularly acute. The terrorist actions of September 11, 2001, and ensuing U.S. response focused public attention on the president to an extent unknown before the attacks. This article reports on an experimental study of audience responses to televised news coverage of the World Trade Center attacks. As the coverage of the attacks and compelling…
The micro‐ and macrodrama of politics on television
A series of focus groups conducted during the 1992 presidential campaign were shown four clips of then‐candidate Bill Clinton in different political communication settings. Analysis of the focus group discourse reveals that viewers process media formats featuring close‐ups in terms of individual candidate attributes, while they regard political advertising and televised town meetings with multiple actors (candidate, audience members, and journali…
The Personalization of Campaigns
Nonverbal cues are important elements of persuasive communication whose influence in political debates are receiving renewed attention. Recent advances in political debate research have been driven by biologically grounded explanations of behavior that draw on evolutionary theory and view televised debates as contests for social dominance. The application of biobehavioral coding to televised presidential debates opens new vistas for investigating…
The Look of Losing, Then and Now
This article asks whether losing in a political debate is associated with a set of visible, empirically verifiable nonverbal indicators that correspond to physical weakness, pronounced stress, evasive or fearful behavior, and other outward signs of secondary or subordinate status. To answer this question, a comparative content analysis of the first 1960 and 2012 U.S. presidential debates is performed, contrasting the "losing" performance of Richa…
Dual Screening During Presidential Debates
The impact of presidential debates on candidate evaluations remains an open topic. Research has long sought to identify the factors that matter most in citizens' responses to debate content, including what candidates say, how they say it, and the manner in which they appear. This study uses detailed codings of the first and third 2012 presidential debates to evaluate the impact of candidates' verbal and nonverbal behaviors on viewers' "second scr…
The Representation of Women in Publication
Scholarly publication in peer-reviewed journals is widely regarded as the road to scholarly success. However, in a diversity of fields such as sociology, economics, and political science, it has been shown that the rate of publication is much lower for women than for men. The question of whether a systematic relationship exists between gender and research methods has also frequently been debated. In this paper, we explore patterns of authorship a…
Crisis, Credibility, and the Press
This paper develops a model of press-priming in which public evaluations of press performance are examined in the context of media scandals where news organizations through their own ethical lapses become the subject and conduit of priming effects. We argue that judgments about the press during a crisis depend on the activation of standing attitudes toward press freedom and media responsibility, which come into play with close attention to ongoin…
Interactivity and Political Attitude Formation
With the rise of new media, interactivity has become a central focus of research on information technology and politics. To better position the concept for systematic investigation, this study locates interactivity in the relationship between interface features and user perceptions and tests a mediation model of online information processing. The mediation model is based on the idea that objective (or technological) aspects of interactivity are n…
Democratic Realism, Neoconservatism, and the Normative Underpinnings of Political Communication Research
This article traces the development and diffusion of 4 basic normative assumptions in the political communication literature identified by Chaffee and Hochheimer (1985) and examines how these assumptions were brought into the field by Paul Lazarsfeld and his Columbia School colleagues under the guiding principles of democratic realism. As this article demonstrates, these assumptions continue to operate in the literature today. In updating the nor…
Knowledge of automated journalism moderates evaluations of algorithmically generated news
Drawing on propositions from the HAII-TIME (Human–artificial intelligence [AI] Interaction and the Theory of Interactive Media Effects) and Persuasion Knowledge Model, this study examines how knowledge of automated journalism (AJ) moderates the evaluation of algorithmically generated news. Experiment 1 demonstrates the utility of process-related knowledge in user evaluations of agency: individuals with little knowledge of AJ prefer attributions o…
Empirical support for the media participation hypothesis
This study empirically examines the media participation hypothesis advanced by Bucy, analyzing the influence of traditional and participatory media use across six US presidential elections. Multivariate analyses of American National Elections Study data demonstrate that as participatory media become more prevalent and utilized in an electoral system, corresponding and statistically significant increases in political system efficacy—the perception…
Do Candidate Positions Matter
This article demonstrates that candidate positions on the ballot measure to ban gay marriage had an effect on gubernatorial voting. With exit poll data from three states in 2006, we find that the effect of support for the ban is at least twice as large when the candidates adopted divergent positions. Support for the ban has a smaller but significant effect on vote choice when the candidate positions converge, which suggests an indiscriminate prim…
Bridging the Subdisciplines
Communication and technology (CAT) research is concerned with the development, uses, and consequences of information and communication technologies (ICTs) across all types of social, cultural, and institutional settings. Technology includes the artifacts or devices that enable and extend our abilities to communicate, the communication activities or practices in which we engage when developing and using those devices, and the social arrangements o…
The Crisis of Political Communication
Over the past 25 years, political communication researchers have presented mounting evidence of how the press fails its public mission by not adequately informing the electorate, presenting an accurate picture of civic affairs, or fostering a sense of connectedness to governing institutions. Perceived shortcomings of the political communication system and sustained controversy in the field over the nature and extent of media deficiencies have led…
Building an ICCN Multimodal Classifier of Aggressive Political Debate Style
Understanding the implications of aggressive political debate style amid corrosive modes of campaign politics requires fine-grained analyses of political performance, attending to multiple communication modalities. Politicians’ facial expressions, emotional tone, and speech content can all independently convey aggression and dominance, and often work in combination for purposes of emphasis. Yet micro-coding individual visual, tonal, and verbal fe…
The Emotional Appropriateness Heuristic
This study introduces the concept of the emotional appropriateness heuristic. An experiment investigated the effects of televised presidential reactions to compelling news events on memory, thought elaboration, and appropriateness evaluations made by subjects. Assessment of the news story-presidential reaction message sequences was conceptualized as an interactive cognitive process that uses the heuristic to categorize and evaluate the nonverbal …
The Crisis of Political Communication
Over the past 25 years, political communication researchers have presented mounting evidence of how the press fails its public mission by not adequately informing the electorate, presenting an accurate picture of civic affairs, or fostering a sense of connectedness to governing institutions. Perceived shortcomings of the political communication system and sustained controversy in the field over the nature and extent of media deficiencies have led…
The micro‐ and macrodrama of politics on television
A series of focus groups conducted during the 1992 presidential campaign were shown four clips of then‐candidate Bill Clinton in different political communication settings. Analysis of the focus group discourse reveals that viewers process media formats featuring close‐ups in terms of individual candidate attributes, while they regard political advertising and televised town meetings with multiple actors (candidate, audience members, and journali…
Social Access to the Internet
The relative costs and expertise associated with using the Internet, labeled technological and social access, have led to a concern about the rise of a “digital divide” between information haves and have-nots. To address whether and to what extent the Internet has become a medium of the masses and to identify the factors associated with social access to the Internet, I examine Internet use data from two statewide surveys, the Carolina Poll and th…
Bridging the Subdisciplines
Communication and technology (CAT) research is concerned with the development, uses, and consequences of information and communication technologies (ICTs) across all types of social, cultural, and institutional settings. Technology includes the artifacts or devices that enable and extend our abilities to communicate, the communication activities or practices in which we engage when developing and using those devices, and the social arrangements o…
Media Participation
This article reconsiders civic involvement and citizen empowerment in the light of interactive media and elaborates the concept of media participation. Departing from conventional notions of political activity which downplay the participatory opportunities inherent in communication media, the authors argue that since 1992 new media formats have made accessible to citizens a political system that had become highly orchestrated, professionalized an…
Media Credibility Reconsidered
This experimental investigation of media credibility examined the combined, or synergistic, effects of on-air and online network news exposure, placing student and adult news consumers in broadcast news, online news, and telewebbing conditions. Results indicate that perceptions of network news credibility are affected by channel used. Perceptions of credibility were enhanced when the channel used was consistent with the news source being evaluate…
Routes to Media Access
Politicians, civic leaders, and a host of other good-minded citizens agree that Internet access is good. Some go so far as to see access to the Internet as a key to the reinvigoration of democratic society (e.g., Rheingold, 2000).1 Although the topic receives a great deal of public attention, discussions frequently omit the critical question, “Access to what?” One approach would reduce the issue of access to a simple discussion of power (Marx, 18…
Media Access
Commercialized War
Emotion, Presidential Communication, and Traumatic News
During traumatic national events, attention to the news and scrutiny of leader communication becomes particularly acute. The terrorist actions of September 11, 2001, and ensuing U.S. response focused public attention on the president to an extent unknown before the attacks. This article reports on an experimental study of audience responses to televised news coverage of the World Trade Center attacks. As the coverage of the attacks and compelling…
Presidential Expressions and Viewer Emotion
Despite the biological predisposition to recognize and mimic facial expressions, research has shown that contextual or experiential factors may elicit emotionally incongruent, or counterempathic, responses. This experimental study reports how counterempathic responses to televised leader displays may be evoked in political communication. Findings suggest that unexpected nonverbal communication is subject to cognitive appraisal, which may influenc…
Democratic Realism, Neoconservatism, and the Normative Underpinnings of Political Communication Research
This article traces the development and diffusion of 4 basic normative assumptions in the political communication literature identified by Chaffee and Hochheimer (1985) and examines how these assumptions were brought into the field by Paul Lazarsfeld and his Columbia School colleagues under the guiding principles of democratic realism. As this article demonstrates, these assumptions continue to operate in the literature today. In updating the nor…
Interactivity in Society
Interactivity has been identified as a core concept of new media, yet despite nearly three decades of study and analysis, we scarcely know what interactivity is, let alone what it does, and have scant insight into the conditions in which interactive processes are likely to be consequential for members of a social system. This article attempts to address this deficiency by critiquing three self-defeating tendencies and an erroneous assumption of i…
The Debate
Taking Television Seriously
This study updates and builds on Hallin’s landmark investigation of sound-bite news by documenting the prevalence of candidate image bites, where candidates are shown but not heard (as opposed to being shown and heard), in general election news over 4 election cycles. A visual analysis of broadcast network (ABC, CBS, and NBC) news coverage of the 1992, 1996, 2000, and 2004 U.S. presidential elections finds that image bites constituted a greater p…
Conceptualizing Media Stimuli in Experimental Research
This paper argues for a clearer conceptualization of media stimuli in experimental research and identifies 3 issues impeding our understanding of message processing: (a) assumptions bolstered by manipulation checks about homogeneity of response to media stimuli, (b) conflation of 2 different classes of variables—media attributes and psychological states, and (c) discrepancies between the conceptual model and operational-level hypotheses used to t…
Interactivity and Political Attitude Formation
With the rise of new media, interactivity has become a central focus of research on information technology and politics. To better position the concept for systematic investigation, this study locates interactivity in the relationship between interface features and user perceptions and tests a mediation model of online information processing. The mediation model is based on the idea that objective (or technological) aspects of interactivity are n…
Happy warriors” Revisited
Absent from most analyses of political news are detailed assessments of the candidates' nonverbal behavior, which has been shown experimentally to have considerable persuasive influence. Unlike attractiveness and other relatively stable aspects of appearance, facial displays are highly variable and reveal important moment-to-moment information about the emitter's internal state. In this paper we argue that facial displays are influential elements…
Visual Influence
The preceding chapters have built a theoretical and data-driven case for why news visuals in general, and image bites in particular, should be considered for their persuasive influence and taken more seriously in election news research. The scaffolding for the book's longitudinal content analysis of presidential campaign news has been assembled in a cross-disciplinary fashion, with contributions from communication research, neuroscience, cognitiv…
Facing the Electorate
Given the tendency of candidates to appear in image bites more often than sound bites, the non-verbal behavior of presidential nominees takes on added significance. This chapter argues that facial displays are influential elements within image and sound bites, and examines the character of televised candidate displays shown on the evening news. To structure the analysis, it draws on the literature of biopolitics that has identified three classes …
Taking Television Seriously
Over the past four decades, television news has become the primary source of political information for a majority of Americans and, as that reliance has grown, the most credible, appealing, interesting, and believable source as well. These trends are not without reason, as audiovisual media more effectively complements human information-processing abilities than any other message platform. Politically, television connects candidates with voters a…
Why Visuals Matter
This chapter surveys a vast terrain of theory, findings, and history, in order to diagnose the origins and interrogate the legitimacy of neglecting the visual dimension of television news. Although television is an audiovisual medium, the focus primarily is on its visual component, precisely because it has been unappreciated (indeed much denigrated) as a source of information. Moving away from contemporary media and politics, the chapter looks ba…
Image Bite News
This chapter documents the extent to which presidential candidates visually appear on the nightly news by drawing on a longitudinal analysis of presidential news coverage from the 1992, 1996, 2000, and 2004 general elections. For each year, the political reporting of the main broadcast networks (ABC, CBS, and NBC) was coded for visual information. It summarizes the frequency and duration of candidate image bites that were broadcast, in which cand…
Visual Bias
This chapter introduces a new approach to measuring bias based on the visual aspects of broadcast news. Unlike the candidates' verbal statements and self-presentation style, the indicators of visual bias employed fall more squarely under the control of editors and producers than candidates and their consultants. In order to explain the persistence of the liberal bias charge against journalism as a political theme, the chapter traces the rise of p…
Political science (44 obras) · Psychology (32 obras) · Politics (29 obras) · Sociology (29 obras) · Computer Science (28 obras) · Law (24 obras) · Social Media and Politics (24 obras) · Media Studies and Communication (22 obras) · Social Psychology (22 obras) · Media studies (18 obras)