Jan Pakulski
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 249281 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Jan Pakulski |
| PRENOMES | Jan |
| SOBRENOME | Pakulski |
| ASSINATURA | PAKULSKI J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Tasmania |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0597-5547 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 45 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 312 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 44 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1982 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2018 |
| ÍNDICE H | 10 |
Polish Migrants and Organizations in Australia
The social profile and the organizational landscape of Polish diaspora, known as 'Polonia', in Australia has been undergoing a significant change: sociodemographic (ageing), sociocultural (diversification) and sociopolitical (integration and assimilation). The 'wave-type' immigration (1947-56 and 1980-89), combined with the sudden decline in immigration after Poland's independence (1989) and accession to the EU (2004), resulted in the rapid shrin…
Elite(s)
The concept of “elite(s),” typically paired with “non‐elite(s),” emerged in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in critical response to Marxist class analysis and the ideological overtones of early democratic theory. It evolved into a descriptive concept referring to incumbents of the key executive positions in the largest societal organizations and movements, who are the key social and political actors in all large and complex societies…
Class
Globalisation, immigration and multiculturalism – the European and Australian experiences
Australian multiculturalism – an integrative policy strategy aiming at managing cultural diversity – was adopted as government policy in Australia in the 1970s. In its original rendition, Australian multiculturalism was embedded in classical sociological theory, integrative, reciprocal, egalitarian and respectful of the majority. However, it has also been confused with ethnic pluralism and assimilationist ‘melting pot’ approaches, and these confu…
Confusions about multiculturalism
Australian multiculturalism - an integrative policy strategy aiming at managing cultural diversity - was adopted as government policy in Australia in the 1970s. In its original rendition, Australian multiculturalism was embedded in classical sociological theory, integrative, reciprocal, egalitarian and respectful of the majority. However, it has also been confused with ethnic pluralism and assimilationist 'melting pot' approaches, and these confu…
Putin’s Elite and the Legacies of Soviet Quasi-Modernisation in Contemporary Russia
In spite of its rich energy resources and strategic location, and in spite of the declared commitment to further liberal reforms by politi-cal leaders, Russia seems to be experiencing some transition and de-velopmental problems. Economic growth is uneven and relatively slow (compared with other BRICS and oil/gas exporters). The Russian state remains centralistic, controlling, corrupt and inert. Russian politics is undergoing a retrogressive ‘auth…
Leadership Trends in Advanced Democracies
Political sociology suggests two inter‐related leadership trends in advanced democracies: the increasing prominence of political leaders, and the waning influence of political parties, especially the ideological‐programmatic ‘mass parties’ or Volksparteien . These trends intensified and reinforced each other over the last 30–40 years resulting in a rapidly changing physiognomy of contemporary democracy. Democratic politics becomes more elite driv…
Do Ruling Elites Degenerate? American and British Elites Through Pareto's Lens
Using Machiavelli's metaphors, Vilfredo Pareto theorized that over time psychosocial propensities of ruling elites - manifested by predominant personality traits, mentalities, beliefs, and actions - are those of 'foxes' or 'lions'. Either propensity renders a ruling elite, especially its leaders, prone to bias, closure, and cumulating blunders. This degenerative process leads to a severe economic-political crisis and wide elite circulation, durin…
The Solidarity Decade in Eastern Europe, 1980–1989
One seldom finds a consensual view among historians of recent events, but very few would object to calling the 10 years that preceded the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe the 'Solidarity Decade'. It is spanned by two crucial events, both related to the Polish Solidarity movement but also, and indirectly, sharing wider international importance. The first was the formal recognition by the communist regime of the first 'free and independent' …
The Solidarity Decade
What is called here the 'Solidarity Decade' covers the developments between September 1980, the beginning of the mass, organised, peaceful and negotiated dismantling of communist domination in the Soviet Bloc, and September 1989, the formation of the first non-communist government in Eastern Europe, and the beginning of the 'contagious' systemic transformation that initiated the domino-like fall of communist regimes in the region and the gradual …
The Breakthrough
History needs a broad perspective and it is most clear when aided by hindsight and long distance. The 20 years that have just passed since the memorable June of 1989 provide a most useful platform for assessing the historical importance of the three events in Poland that constituted the political 'Breakthrough': the round table negotiations in February- April 1989, the 'contract' parliamentary elections in June, and the formation of the Solidarit…
Neoliberalism, Inequality and Politics
Since the early 1980s Australian public policy has undergone the most major transformation since Federation. This transformation has been underwritten by two key principles: liberalism – the view that citizens are autonomous individual actors whose interests are best served when they are free from coercive government interventions into individual action; and marketisation – the belief that free markets are arenas which best enable individual auto…
Elite and Leadership Change in Liberal Democracies
This article presents and assesses the thesis that a shift in the character of governing elites and leaders has been occurring in several important liberal democracies during recent years. Ascendant elites are more leonine and top leaders are more pugnacious. We attribute the shift to strong centripetal pressures that now impinge on elites and leaders, and we ask about the shift's consequences for the operation of liberal democracies
Foundations of a post-class analysis
Contemporary class theories and analyses are grandchildren of Marxism. As noted by Wright in the Introduction, they share with their classic antecedent a broad explanatory aspiration. They aim at charting and explaining the structure of inequality, especially in economically defined life chances, by linking these inequalities with the patterns of property and employment relations. They also aim at identifying key conflict-generating economic clea…
Environmentalism and Social Differentiation
This is a tribute to the late Steve Crook who shared with us the excitement of research on environmentalism. As we predicted, environmental activism in Australia remains socially circumscribed, but its scope, and the scope of environmental concerns, have been widening. Differentiation and proliferation of environmental issues combine with social diffusion and routinization. The proportion of people who see the environment as a salient issue conti…
Jeux de pouvoir des élites et consolidation de la démocratie en Europe centrale et orientale
S'il est vrai que les institutions et les procédures démocratiques ont été adoptées dans l'ensemble des pay s de l'Europe centrale et orientale au cours des années 1990, cette apparente uniformité a une limite : pour peu que l'on mette apart les compétitions électorales, les jeux de pouvoir entre les élites sont à l'origine de différences considérables dans l'univers de la politique, et, de ce fait, de fortes variations dans la « qualité » des d…
Reworking class
Civic, national and denizen identity in Australia
Macro-social identities reflect the strength of social attachments (strong vs weak) and the objects-referents of such attachments (society vs nation). Three types of macro-social identities-civic, (ethno-) national and denizen-are distinguished and operationalised in Australia using national survey data (1995 ISSP). The largest proportion (38 per cent) of Australians embrace civic identity, an identity type most widespread among 'baby boomers', t…
National integrity, elites and democracy
Russia faces problems of democratic consolidation, that is, strengthening the democratic institutions and practices that have already been introduced. China faces the prospect of democratic transition and ‘creeping democratization’. Both processes are dependent on the same set of factors and conditions. The prospects of securing democracy in Russia and initiating democratic transition in China depend, first, on the solution of national boundary a…
Sustainable Democracy in Post-Communist Europe
Elite Power Games and Democratic Consolidation in Central and Eastern Europe
The Death of Class
Postcommunist Elites and Democracy in Eastern Europe
Postcommunist Elites and Democracy in Eastern Europe
The Dynamics of Environmental Issues in Australia
Recent survey (AES and ISSP) data and public opinion polls show an interesting dynamic at work in public opinion on environmental issues in Australia. Environmental concerns lose urgency, detach themselves from environmental groups, their established issue-carriers, and further bifurcate into distinct 'green' and 'brown' issue clusters. These shifts in patterns of concern accompany changes in forms of public expression and in the diffusion of con…
Cultural citizenship
The paper argues that the development of citizenship rights in advanced societies has been cumulative but uneven. The extension of social/welfare rights has been arrested. Propelled by the claims formulated by some activists of new social movements, citizenship rights are currently expanding towards a new domain of cultural rights that involve the right to symbolic presence, dignifying representation, propagation of identity and maintenance of li…
The reshaping and dissolution of social class in advanced society
Shades of green
Data from the 1990 and 1993 Australian Electoral Studies are used to investigate whether public concern about the environment has declined in Australia over recent years. Questions of the ranking and structure of environmental concerns and of levels of support for environmental organisations are addressed. The data show that public concern about the environment remains high on an agenda of long-term issues, that environmental concerns form two di…
Legitimacy and Mass Compliance
It is worthwhile debating the meaning of concepts only when they start to hinder the process of inquiry. This seems to be the case with Max Weber's concepts of legitimacy and legitimate authority. They are becoming increasingly popular among students of Soviet-type societies despite the numerous problems posed by their application in a socio-political context that is so different from the one Weber had in mind. This increased popularity results i…
The Dynamics of Environmental Issues in Australia
Recent survey (AES and ISSP) data and public opinion polls show an interesting dynamic at work in public opinion on environmental issues in Australia. Environmental concerns lose urgency, detach themselves from environmental groups, their established issue-carriers, and further bifurcate into distinct 'green' and 'brown' issue clusters. These shifts in patterns of concern accompany changes in forms of public expression and in the diffusion of con…
The Persistence of Postcommunist Elites
The Persistence of Postcommunist Elites John Higley (bio), Judith Kullberg (bio), and Jan Pakulski (bio) A precondition of democratic consolidation is what Giovanni Sartori calls the "taming" of politics so that it "no longer kills" and stops being a "warlike affair." 1 This is first and foremost a question of relations and perceptions among political elites—senior governmental, economic, military, professional, media, religious, and other leader…
Civic, national and denizen identity in Australia
Macro-social identities reflect the strength of social attachments (strong vs weak) and the objects-referents of such attachments (society vs nation). Three types of macro-social identities-civic, (ethno-) national and denizen-are distinguished and operationalised in Australia using national survey data (1995 ISSP). The largest proportion (38 per cent) of Australians embrace civic identity, an identity type most widespread among 'baby boomers', t…
Environmentalism and Social Differentiation
This is a tribute to the late Steve Crook who shared with us the excitement of research on environmentalism. As we predicted, environmental activism in Australia remains socially circumscribed, but its scope, and the scope of environmental concerns, have been widening. Differentiation and proliferation of environmental issues combine with social diffusion and routinization. The proportion of people who see the environment as a salient issue conti…
The Dying of Class or or Marxist Class Theory
Following some terminological clarifications, this article assesses the utility of the concept of class, and the Marxist class theory, for the analysis of stratification and conflict in advanced societies. The conclusions support the arguments of Clark and Lipset (1991). What is 'dying' (in Clark and Lipset's parlance) are mainly the old industrial classes: the old socio-economic divisions, the old institutional actors representing these division…
Neoliberalism, Inequality and Politics
Since the early 1980s Australian public policy has undergone the most major transformation since Federation. This transformation has been underwritten by two key principles: liberalism – the view that citizens are autonomous individual actors whose interests are best served when they are free from coercive government interventions into individual action; and marketisation – the belief that free markets are arenas which best enable individual auto…
The Death of Class
Elite transformation in central and eastern Europe
Changing configurations of national elites are shaping the prospects for democracy in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. There are three broad possibilities: (1) increasingly unchecked and violent power struggles between elites, with regimes oscillating between democratic and authoritarian forms; (2) restrained elite competitions in accordance with democratic game rules and tacit accommodations, with regimes gradually becoming stable de…
Revolution and elite transformation in Eastern Europe
The external and internal causes, elite‐mass dynamics, and elite‐level changes that appear, respectively, to have preceded, accompanied, and followed the revolutionary upheavals in Eastern Europe between 1989–1991 are examined comparatively. Particular attention is paid to the possible emergence of national elites that share a consensus on rules of the game and that are unified in defence of democratic institutions. Prospects for such elites are …
Leaders of the Solidarity Movement
Data on the social backgrounds of 33 leading activists of the Polish Solidarity movement are examined in the context of the character of the movement, its social basis, and historical background of mass dissent in Poland. In the light of a typology suggested by the author, the recruitment and composition of the leadership could be seen as reflecting the anti-partocratic and crisis-triggered character of the movement. The top Solidarity activists …
Globalisation, immigration and multiculturalism – the European and Australian experiences
Australian multiculturalism – an integrative policy strategy aiming at managing cultural diversity – was adopted as government policy in Australia in the 1970s. In its original rendition, Australian multiculturalism was embedded in classical sociological theory, integrative, reciprocal, egalitarian and respectful of the majority. However, it has also been confused with ethnic pluralism and assimilationist ‘melting pot’ approaches, and these confu…
Elite and Leadership Change in Liberal Democracies
This article presents and assesses the thesis that a shift in the character of governing elites and leaders has been occurring in several important liberal democracies during recent years. Ascendant elites are more leonine and top leaders are more pugnacious. We attribute the shift to strong centripetal pressures that now impinge on elites and leaders, and we ask about the shift's consequences for the operation of liberal democracies
Mass Social Movements and Social Class
The paper critically reviews the major class interpretations of contemporary mass movements, including the fascist movements, Polish Solidarity and Western Green (eco-pax) movements, and argues that these accounts are deficient. A paradigmatic shift from the class interpretation of movements to 'post-Marxist' and 'post-modernist' accounts has been occurring in movement literature. This shift follows the processes of social change and broadening o…
Confusions about multiculturalism
Australian multiculturalism - an integrative policy strategy aiming at managing cultural diversity - was adopted as government policy in Australia in the 1970s. In its original rendition, Australian multiculturalism was embedded in classical sociological theory, integrative, reciprocal, egalitarian and respectful of the majority. However, it has also been confused with ethnic pluralism and assimilationist 'melting pot' approaches, and these confu…
Misreading status as class
Eastern Europe and ‘legitimacy crisis
An unexpectedly swift collapse of communist regimes in Eastern Europe amidst flares of mass dissent raises doubts about the accuracy of explanations of the persistence of these regimes in terms of ‘legitimacy’ and their fall in terms of ‘legitimacy crisis’. Such explanations are criticised and rejected as theoretically inadequate and lacking empirical support. It is argued that East European regimes had never developed mass legitimacy, and that e…
Polish Migrants and Organizations in Australia
The social profile and the organizational landscape of Polish diaspora, known as 'Polonia', in Australia has been undergoing a significant change: sociodemographic (ageing), sociocultural (diversification) and sociopolitical (integration and assimilation). The 'wave-type' immigration (1947-56 and 1980-89), combined with the sudden decline in immigration after Poland's independence (1989) and accession to the EU (2004), resulted in the rapid shrin…
Leadership Trends in Advanced Democracies
Political sociology suggests two inter‐related leadership trends in advanced democracies: the increasing prominence of political leaders, and the waning influence of political parties, especially the ideological‐programmatic ‘mass parties’ or Volksparteien . These trends intensified and reinforced each other over the last 30–40 years resulting in a rapidly changing physiognomy of contemporary democracy. Democratic politics becomes more elite driv…
Do Ruling Elites Degenerate? American and British Elites Through Pareto's Lens
Using Machiavelli's metaphors, Vilfredo Pareto theorized that over time psychosocial propensities of ruling elites - manifested by predominant personality traits, mentalities, beliefs, and actions - are those of 'foxes' or 'lions'. Either propensity renders a ruling elite, especially its leaders, prone to bias, closure, and cumulating blunders. This degenerative process leads to a severe economic-political crisis and wide elite circulation, durin…
Elite Power Games and Democratic Consolidation in Central and Eastern Europe
Envisioning Eastern Europe Postcommunist Cultural Studies
The Moral Minority
Legitimacy and Mass Compliance
It is worthwhile debating the meaning of concepts only when they start to hinder the process of inquiry. This seems to be the case with Max Weber's concepts of legitimacy and legitimate authority. They are becoming increasingly popular among students of Soviet-type societies despite the numerous problems posed by their application in a socio-political context that is so different from the one Weber had in mind. This increased popularity results i…
Leaders of the Solidarity Movement
Data on the social backgrounds of 33 leading activists of the Polish Solidarity movement are examined in the context of the character of the movement, its social basis, and historical background of mass dissent in Poland. In the light of a typology suggested by the author, the recruitment and composition of the leadership could be seen as reflecting the anti-partocratic and crisis-triggered character of the movement. The top Solidarity activists …
Ideology and Political Domination A G'riticat Re-appraisal
In order to re-examine the relationship between and political domination, three aspects of are discerned: dominant social values, political formulas (socio-political doctrines), and the legitimacy claims made by political leaders. These partial notions of serve as convenient bases for critical examinations of three theoretical debates-the dominant values debate, the end of ideology debate, and the legitimation crisis debate-in the light of findin…
Eastern Europe and ‘legitimacy crisis
An unexpectedly swift collapse of communist regimes in Eastern Europe amidst flares of mass dissent raises doubts about the accuracy of explanations of the persistence of these regimes in terms of ‘legitimacy’ and their fall in terms of ‘legitimacy crisis’. Such explanations are criticised and rejected as theoretically inadequate and lacking empirical support. It is argued that East European regimes had never developed mass legitimacy, and that e…
Trust and Legitimacy
(1992). Trust and Legitimacy. Policy, Organisation and Society: Vol. 5, Special Trust Issue, pp. 25-31
Revolution and elite transformation in Eastern Europe
The external and internal causes, elite‐mass dynamics, and elite‐level changes that appear, respectively, to have preceded, accompanied, and followed the revolutionary upheavals in Eastern Europe between 1989–1991 are examined comparatively. Particular attention is paid to the possible emergence of national elites that share a consensus on rules of the game and that are unified in defence of democratic institutions. Prospects for such elites are …
Professionals, Power and Solidarity in Poland
Mass Social Movements and Social Class
The paper critically reviews the major class interpretations of contemporary mass movements, including the fascist movements, Polish Solidarity and Western Green (eco-pax) movements, and argues that these accounts are deficient. A paradigmatic shift from the class interpretation of movements to 'post-Marxist' and 'post-modernist' accounts has been occurring in movement literature. This shift follows the processes of social change and broadening o…
The Dying of Class or or Marxist Class Theory
Following some terminological clarifications, this article assesses the utility of the concept of class, and the Marxist class theory, for the analysis of stratification and conflict in advanced societies. The conclusions support the arguments of Clark and Lipset (1991). What is 'dying' (in Clark and Lipset's parlance) are mainly the old industrial classes: the old socio-economic divisions, the old institutional actors representing these division…
Mass Movements and Plebiscitary Democracy
High expectations of prompt establishment of stable parliamentary democracy in central eastern Europe (CEE) have been dashed by outbursts of populism. Such expectations were unrealistic. This paper argues that the key aspect of change in CEE involved first the mobilisation of mass protest movements and, subsequently, the `normalisation' of these movements into new regimes. These processes are unlikely to lead directly to stable parliamentary demo…
Elite transformation in central and eastern Europe
Changing configurations of national elites are shaping the prospects for democracy in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. There are three broad possibilities: (1) increasingly unchecked and violent power struggles between elites, with regimes oscillating between democratic and authoritarian forms; (2) restrained elite competitions in accordance with democratic game rules and tacit accommodations, with regimes gradually becoming stable de…
Shades of green
Data from the 1990 and 1993 Australian Electoral Studies are used to investigate whether public concern about the environment has declined in Australia over recent years. Questions of the ranking and structure of environmental concerns and of levels of support for environmental organisations are addressed. The data show that public concern about the environment remains high on an agenda of long-term issues, that environmental concerns form two di…
Misreading status as class
Envisioning Eastern Europe Postcommunist Cultural Studies
The Persistence of Postcommunist Elites
The Persistence of Postcommunist Elites John Higley (bio), Judith Kullberg (bio), and Jan Pakulski (bio) A precondition of democratic consolidation is what Giovanni Sartori calls the "taming" of politics so that it "no longer kills" and stops being a "warlike affair." 1 This is first and foremost a question of relations and perceptions among political elites—senior governmental, economic, military, professional, media, religious, and other leader…
The reshaping and dissolution of social class in advanced society
The Death of Class
Cultural citizenship
The paper argues that the development of citizenship rights in advanced societies has been cumulative but uneven. The extension of social/welfare rights has been arrested. Propelled by the claims formulated by some activists of new social movements, citizenship rights are currently expanding towards a new domain of cultural rights that involve the right to symbolic presence, dignifying representation, propagation of identity and maintenance of li…
The Death of Class
Postcommunist Elites and Democracy in Eastern Europe
The Dynamics of Environmental Issues in Australia
Recent survey (AES and ISSP) data and public opinion polls show an interesting dynamic at work in public opinion on environmental issues in Australia. Environmental concerns lose urgency, detach themselves from environmental groups, their established issue-carriers, and further bifurcate into distinct 'green' and 'brown' issue clusters. These shifts in patterns of concern accompany changes in forms of public expression and in the diffusion of con…
National integrity, elites and democracy
Russia faces problems of democratic consolidation, that is, strengthening the democratic institutions and practices that have already been introduced. China faces the prospect of democratic transition and ‘creeping democratization’. Both processes are dependent on the same set of factors and conditions. The prospects of securing democracy in Russia and initiating democratic transition in China depend, first, on the solution of national boundary a…
Sustainable Democracy in Post-Communist Europe
Elite Power Games and Democratic Consolidation in Central and Eastern Europe
Political science (39 obras) · Sociology (37 obras) · Law (33 obras) · Politics (32 obras) · Political economy (25 obras) · Law (20 obras) · Economics (19 obras) · Democracy (12 obras) · Elite (11 obras) · Epistemology (11 obras)