Janet Afary
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 252106 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Janet Afary |
| PRENOMES | Janet |
| SOBRENOME | Afary |
| ASSINATURA | AFARY J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of California, Santa Barbara |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6328-3621 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 33 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 57 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 33 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1987 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Afghan Women’s Resistance - Forty Years of Struggle Against Gender Apartheid
The defeat of the U.S. client regime in Afghanistan and the seizure of power by the Taliban in August 2021 marked a real turning point. These events represented another major setback for the United States in the wake of a failed war in Iraq. Journalists rushed to compare the debacle in Kabul in 2021 to Saigon in 1975, as Afghans fearful of Taliban rule scrambled to get onto US planes. Many were left behind as the United States rushed to get its o…
Reports
Soraya Tremayne, Inconceivable Iran: To Reproduce or Not to Reproduce? (New York: Berghahn, 2023). 310 pp. Nezar AlSayyad and Heba Safey Eldeen (eds), Cinematic Cairo: Egyptian Urban Modernity from Reel to Real (New York: American University in Cairo Press, 2022). 324 pp, 71 ill, ISBN 1649031335, $44.96
The Rise of Informal Unions in the Menasa Region
This article examines the nature of informal marriages using data from a 2018 survey of over ten thousand Facebook users in seven Muslim-majority countries: Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Pakistan, Palestine, Tunisia, and Turkey. The article explores current attitudes toward informal marriages as well as the nature of such unions among the predominantly Sunni and Shiʿi Muslim social-media users who took the survey. First, the article finds that informal m…
Woman, Life, Freedom
Woman, Life, Freedom:The Origins of the Uprising in Iran Janet Afary (bio) and Kevin B. Anderson (bio) Click for larger view View full resolution An Iranian protester holds up a shirt with the name Mahsa Amini during the World Cup on November 25, 2022 in Qatar. (Charlotte Wilson/Offside via Getty Images) [End Page 82] In March 1979, urban Iranian women and girls and their male supporters took part in a week of demonstrations in Tehran, beginning …
The practice of informal marriages in the Muslim world
Informal marriages have been on the rise in recent years in the Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia (MENASA) region. These unions are different from formal marriages in a number of ways. There are also many factors contributing to the growing popularity of such unions. Both men and women are delaying marriage; rates of formal marriage are declining; and rates of divorce are increasing. Because such unions are generally not registered, it ha…
Complicating Patriarchy
Western stereotypes often characterize gender relations in Muslim-majority societies as uniformly traditional and patriarchal. Underlying this imagery is a unidimensional understanding of gender ideology as moving along a single traditional-to-egalitarian continuum. In this study, we interrogate these assumptions by exploring variability across and within Middle Eastern, North African, and South Asian (MENASA) societies in beliefs related to two …
From Bedrooms to Streets
The image of Iran in the global media is that of an ever-expanding authoritarian regime, determined to hold on to its ideological foundations as they were articulated in 1979. However, beneath the surface profound shifts are taking place in Iranian society, particularly in the institution of marriage and sexuality–changes that threaten the core principles of the regime and have substantially weakened its ideological appeal. While the Iranian medi…
Pregnancy and Miscarriage in Qatar
As the bearers of the next generation in one of the richest countries in the world, the social status of Qatari women is closely linked to their ability to have children. Women are expected to reflect the cultural and religious values attached to motherhood, and not having children puts women in a potentially vulnerable position. But Qatari women must also play an essential role in reflecting the country as a centre of Arab modernity, availing th…
Mollā Nasreddin and the creative Cauldron of Transcaucasia
In the early 20th century, a group of artists and intellectuals in Transcaucasia reinterpreted a Middle Eastern trickster figure to construct a reformist and anti-colonial Muslim discourse with a strong emphasis on social and political reforms. Using folklore, visual art, and satire, their periodical Mollā Nasreddin reached tens of thousands of people in the Muslim world, impacting the thinking of a generation
Iran’s 1907 constitution and its sources
Scholars of Iranian constitutional history have long recognized the influence of the Belgian and Bulgarian constitutions on the Iranian 1907 constitution. The exact character and extent of these and other constitutional influences have remained unclear, however. This article provides an analytical comparison of the 1907 Supplementary Fundamental Laws with the 1831 Belgian, 1876 Ottoman and 1879 Bulgarian constitutions that served as models and so…
Critical theory, authoritarianism, and the politics of lipstick from the Weimar Republic to the contemporary Middle East
In 2012-13, we signed up for Facebook in seven Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries and used Facebook advertisements to encourage young people to participate in our survey. Nearly 18,000 individuals responded. Some of the questions in our survey dealing with attitudes about women's work and cosmetics were adopted from a survey conducted by the Frankfurt School in 1929 in Germany. The German survey had shown that a great number of men, ir…
Digital romance
Social media creates new virtual public spaces where young women and men living in socially conservative non-Western societies can communicate in order to meet and engage in forbidden intimacies. In this essay, using survey data on thousands of Facebook users from Muslim-majority countries, we look at the relationship between romance in public physical spaces and cyberspaces. To what extent do Facebook users make use of the Internet to pursue rom…
Love in the Middle East
Romantic love is a social fact in the Muslim world. It is also a gender politics impinging on religious and patriarchal understandings of female modesty and agency. This paper analyzes the rise of love as a basis of mate selection in a number of Muslim-majority countries: Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Pakistan, Palestine, Tunisia, and Turkey where we have conducted Web-based anonymous surveys of Facebook users. Young people increasingly want love in thei…
The place of Shi'i clerics in the first Iranian constitution
Despite their regional, ethnic, and linguistic differences, the recent social and political upheavals of the Middle East have shared one basic concern. From the 2009 Green Movement in Iran to the 2011 Tunisian revolts which ignited the Arab Uprisings, and from the first Muslim Brotherhood government in Egypt in 2012 to the protests in Turkey's Taksim Square in 2013, a central issue has been how to establish a democratic state with a modern consti…
Armenian Social Democrats, the Democrat Party of Iran, and Iran-I Naw
Sexual Politics in Modern Iran
Janet Afary is a native of Iran and a leading historian. Her work focuses on gender and sexuality and draws on her experience of growing up in Iran and her involvement with Iranian women of different ages and social strata. These observations, and a wealth of historical documents, form the kernel of this book, which charts the history of the nation's sexual revolution from the nineteenth century to today. What comes across is the extraordinary re…
The Sexual Economy of the Islamic Republic
This article examines the gender and sexual policies of the Islamic Republic and their ramifications. It argues that the policies of the Islamist government cannot easily be categorized as “puritanical” or “moralistic.” Rather we can argue that various factions within the state actively deployed a new “sexual economy” for the population. Sometimes, the Islamist state privileged patriarchal interpretations of gender norms over more modern ones. At…
Feminism, Peace, and War
Foucault and the Iranian Revolution
Mahnaz Afkhami
Civil Liberties and the Making of Iran's First Constitution
Research Article| August 01 2005 Civil Liberties and the Making of Iran's First Constitution Janet Afary Janet Afary Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East (2005) 25 (2): 341–359. https://doi.org/10.1215/1089201X-25-2-341 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Too…
The Human Rights of Middle Eastern & Muslim Women
This article first explores the state of human rights of Middle Eastern/Muslim Women in a selection of North African, Central Asian, and Middle Eastern countries. It then contrasts this present state of oppression with the emerging legal reforms and attempts made by a new generation of women's rights activists. These activists are building new institutions in their homelands despite numerous obstacles and great personal and political risk, creati…
Shi`i Narratives of Karbalâ and Christian Rites of Penance
Research Article| May 01 2003 Shi`i Narratives of Karbalâ and Christian Rites of Penance: Michel Foucault and the Culture of the Iranian Revolution, 1978–1979 Janet Afary Janet Afary Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Radical History Review (2003) 2003 (86): 7–35. https://doi.org/10.1215/01636545-2003-86-7 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Janet Afary; Shi`i Narratives of Karbalâ and …
Portraits of two Islamist women
Spoils of War
Chapter 1 Foreword Chapter 2 Preface Part 3 Part I. Working Women, Activist Academics and the Politics of Academe Chapter 4 Ella Baker Women's Work and Activist Intellectuals Chapter 5 Struggling Along the Race-Gender Academic Divide Part 6 Part II. Spoils of War: Women, Sexual Identity, and Violence Chapter 7 In the Name of Love and Survival: Interpretations of Sexual Violence among Young Black American Women Chapter 8 When a Black Woman Cries R…
Education and the Making of Modern Iran
Complicating Patriarchy
Western stereotypes often characterize gender relations in Muslim-majority societies as uniformly traditional and patriarchal. Underlying this imagery is a unidimensional understanding of gender ideology as moving along a single traditional-to-egalitarian continuum. In this study, we interrogate these assumptions by exploring variability across and within Middle Eastern, North African, and South Asian (MENASA) societies in beliefs related to two …
Love in the Middle East
Romantic love is a social fact in the Muslim world. It is also a gender politics impinging on religious and patriarchal understandings of female modesty and agency. This paper analyzes the rise of love as a basis of mate selection in a number of Muslim-majority countries: Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Pakistan, Palestine, Tunisia, and Turkey where we have conducted Web-based anonymous surveys of Facebook users. Young people increasingly want love in thei…
On the Origins of Feminism in Early 20th-Century Iran
On the Origins of Feminism in Early 20th-century Iran Janet Afary The Persian women since 1907 had become almost at a bound the most progressive, not to say radical, in the world. Thai this statement upsets the ideas of centuries makes no difference. Il is the fact. . . . During the five years following the successful but bloodless revolution in 1906 against the oppressions and cruelty of Muzaffaru'd-Din Shah, a feverish and at times fierce light…
Peasant Rebellions of the Caspian Region during the Iranian Constitutional Revolution, 1906–1909
Despite a growing literature on peasant movements in the early 20th century, the story of the peasant rebellions of the Caspian region at the time of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution of 1906–11 has been little studied. 1 A close look at three sets of materials—the newspapers of the Constitutional Revolution, among them Majlis (1906–1908), Anjuman (1906–1909), Habl al-Matīn (1907–1909), and Sūr-i Isrāfīl (1907–8); British diplomatic reports; …
The practice of informal marriages in the Muslim world
Informal marriages have been on the rise in recent years in the Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia (MENASA) region. These unions are different from formal marriages in a number of ways. There are also many factors contributing to the growing popularity of such unions. Both men and women are delaying marriage; rates of formal marriage are declining; and rates of divorce are increasing. Because such unions are generally not registered, it ha…
Digital romance
Social media creates new virtual public spaces where young women and men living in socially conservative non-Western societies can communicate in order to meet and engage in forbidden intimacies. In this essay, using survey data on thousands of Facebook users from Muslim-majority countries, we look at the relationship between romance in public physical spaces and cyberspaces. To what extent do Facebook users make use of the Internet to pursue rom…
Shi`i Narratives of Karbalâ and Christian Rites of Penance
Research Article| May 01 2003 Shi`i Narratives of Karbalâ and Christian Rites of Penance: Michel Foucault and the Culture of the Iranian Revolution, 1978–1979 Janet Afary Janet Afary Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Radical History Review (2003) 2003 (86): 7–35. https://doi.org/10.1215/01636545-2003-86-7 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Janet Afary; Shi`i Narratives of Karbalâ and …
Critical theory, authoritarianism, and the politics of lipstick from the Weimar Republic to the contemporary Middle East
In 2012-13, we signed up for Facebook in seven Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries and used Facebook advertisements to encourage young people to participate in our survey. Nearly 18,000 individuals responded. Some of the questions in our survey dealing with attitudes about women's work and cosmetics were adopted from a survey conducted by the Frankfurt School in 1929 in Germany. The German survey had shown that a great number of men, ir…
The Sexual Economy of the Islamic Republic
This article examines the gender and sexual policies of the Islamic Republic and their ramifications. It argues that the policies of the Islamist government cannot easily be categorized as “puritanical” or “moralistic.” Rather we can argue that various factions within the state actively deployed a new “sexual economy” for the population. Sometimes, the Islamist state privileged patriarchal interpretations of gender norms over more modern ones. At…
The Contentious Historiography of the Gilan Republic in Iran
The Rise and Demise of the 1920-21 Soviet Socialist Republic of Iran in Gilan played like an intense drama in modern Iranian history. It provided Iran with an example of a national liberation movement and a peasant-backed guerrilla force; it introduced to the country the founders of the Iranian Communist Party, exercising social authority and power in what they considered to be a liberation movement; it offered a brief experiment with socialism w…
The place of Shi'i clerics in the first Iranian constitution
Despite their regional, ethnic, and linguistic differences, the recent social and political upheavals of the Middle East have shared one basic concern. From the 2009 Green Movement in Iran to the 2011 Tunisian revolts which ignited the Arab Uprisings, and from the first Muslim Brotherhood government in Egypt in 2012 to the protests in Turkey's Taksim Square in 2013, a central issue has been how to establish a democratic state with a modern consti…
Civil Liberties and the Making of Iran's First Constitution
Research Article| August 01 2005 Civil Liberties and the Making of Iran's First Constitution Janet Afary Janet Afary Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East (2005) 25 (2): 341–359. https://doi.org/10.1215/1089201X-25-2-341 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Too…
Women's Liberation and the Dialectics of Revolution. Raya Dunayevskaya
On the Origins of Feminism in Early 20th-Century Iran
On the Origins of Feminism in Early 20th-century Iran Janet Afary The Persian women since 1907 had become almost at a bound the most progressive, not to say radical, in the world. Thai this statement upsets the ideas of centuries makes no difference. Il is the fact. . . . During the five years following the successful but bloodless revolution in 1906 against the oppressions and cruelty of Muzaffaru'd-Din Shah, a feverish and at times fierce light…
Peasant Rebellions of the Caspian Region during the Iranian Constitutional Revolution, 1906–1909
Despite a growing literature on peasant movements in the early 20th century, the story of the peasant rebellions of the Caspian region at the time of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution of 1906–11 has been little studied. 1 A close look at three sets of materials—the newspapers of the Constitutional Revolution, among them Majlis (1906–1908), Anjuman (1906–1909), Habl al-Matīn (1907–1909), and Sūr-i Isrāfīl (1907–8); British diplomatic reports; …
Religious dissidents and the constitutional revolution
Mangol Bayat. 1991. Iran's First Revolution: Shi'ism and the Constitutional Revolution of 1905–1909. Studies in Middle East History, Oxford: Oxford University Press
Education and the Making of Modern Iran
The Contentious Historiography of the Gilan Republic in Iran
The Rise and Demise of the 1920-21 Soviet Socialist Republic of Iran in Gilan played like an intense drama in modern Iranian history. It provided Iran with an example of a national liberation movement and a peasant-backed guerrilla force; it introduced to the country the founders of the Iranian Communist Party, exercising social authority and power in what they considered to be a liberation movement; it offered a brief experiment with socialism w…
The War against Feminism in the Name of the Almighty
A version of this article was presented at the 1997 annual meeting of the American Historical Association in New York. I am grateful for many helpful comments and suggestions by Kevin Anderson, Robin Blackburn, Sondra Hale, Valentine Moghadam, Claire Moses, Rayna Rapp, and especially Nikki Keddie on various
The Iranian Constitutional Revolution, 1906-1911
During the Iranian Constitutional Revolution of 1906 to 1911 a variety of forces played key roles in overthrowing a repressive regime. Afary sheds new light on the role of ordinary citizens and peasantry, the status of Iranian women, and the multifaceted structure of Iranian society.
Portraits of two Islamist women
Shi`i Narratives of Karbalâ and Christian Rites of Penance
Research Article| May 01 2003 Shi`i Narratives of Karbalâ and Christian Rites of Penance: Michel Foucault and the Culture of the Iranian Revolution, 1978–1979 Janet Afary Janet Afary Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Radical History Review (2003) 2003 (86): 7–35. https://doi.org/10.1215/01636545-2003-86-7 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Janet Afary; Shi`i Narratives of Karbalâ and …
The Human Rights of Middle Eastern & Muslim Women
This article first explores the state of human rights of Middle Eastern/Muslim Women in a selection of North African, Central Asian, and Middle Eastern countries. It then contrasts this present state of oppression with the emerging legal reforms and attempts made by a new generation of women's rights activists. These activists are building new institutions in their homelands despite numerous obstacles and great personal and political risk, creati…
Foucault and the Iranian Revolution
Mahnaz Afkhami
Civil Liberties and the Making of Iran's First Constitution
Research Article| August 01 2005 Civil Liberties and the Making of Iran's First Constitution Janet Afary Janet Afary Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East (2005) 25 (2): 341–359. https://doi.org/10.1215/1089201X-25-2-341 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Too…
Feminism, Peace, and War
Sexual Politics in Modern Iran
Janet Afary is a native of Iran and a leading historian. Her work focuses on gender and sexuality and draws on her experience of growing up in Iran and her involvement with Iranian women of different ages and social strata. These observations, and a wealth of historical documents, form the kernel of this book, which charts the history of the nation's sexual revolution from the nineteenth century to today. What comes across is the extraordinary re…
The Sexual Economy of the Islamic Republic
This article examines the gender and sexual policies of the Islamic Republic and their ramifications. It argues that the policies of the Islamist government cannot easily be categorized as “puritanical” or “moralistic.” Rather we can argue that various factions within the state actively deployed a new “sexual economy” for the population. Sometimes, the Islamist state privileged patriarchal interpretations of gender norms over more modern ones. At…
Armenian Social Democrats, the Democrat Party of Iran, and Iran-I Naw
The place of Shi'i clerics in the first Iranian constitution
Despite their regional, ethnic, and linguistic differences, the recent social and political upheavals of the Middle East have shared one basic concern. From the 2009 Green Movement in Iran to the 2011 Tunisian revolts which ignited the Arab Uprisings, and from the first Muslim Brotherhood government in Egypt in 2012 to the protests in Turkey's Taksim Square in 2013, a central issue has been how to establish a democratic state with a modern consti…
Love in the Middle East
Romantic love is a social fact in the Muslim world. It is also a gender politics impinging on religious and patriarchal understandings of female modesty and agency. This paper analyzes the rise of love as a basis of mate selection in a number of Muslim-majority countries: Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Pakistan, Palestine, Tunisia, and Turkey where we have conducted Web-based anonymous surveys of Facebook users. Young people increasingly want love in thei…
Digital romance
Social media creates new virtual public spaces where young women and men living in socially conservative non-Western societies can communicate in order to meet and engage in forbidden intimacies. In this essay, using survey data on thousands of Facebook users from Muslim-majority countries, we look at the relationship between romance in public physical spaces and cyberspaces. To what extent do Facebook users make use of the Internet to pursue rom…
Iran’s 1907 constitution and its sources
Scholars of Iranian constitutional history have long recognized the influence of the Belgian and Bulgarian constitutions on the Iranian 1907 constitution. The exact character and extent of these and other constitutional influences have remained unclear, however. This article provides an analytical comparison of the 1907 Supplementary Fundamental Laws with the 1831 Belgian, 1876 Ottoman and 1879 Bulgarian constitutions that served as models and so…
Critical theory, authoritarianism, and the politics of lipstick from the Weimar Republic to the contemporary Middle East
In 2012-13, we signed up for Facebook in seven Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries and used Facebook advertisements to encourage young people to participate in our survey. Nearly 18,000 individuals responded. Some of the questions in our survey dealing with attitudes about women's work and cosmetics were adopted from a survey conducted by the Frankfurt School in 1929 in Germany. The German survey had shown that a great number of men, ir…
Mollā Nasreddin and the creative Cauldron of Transcaucasia
In the early 20th century, a group of artists and intellectuals in Transcaucasia reinterpreted a Middle Eastern trickster figure to construct a reformist and anti-colonial Muslim discourse with a strong emphasis on social and political reforms. Using folklore, visual art, and satire, their periodical Mollā Nasreddin reached tens of thousands of people in the Muslim world, impacting the thinking of a generation
Pregnancy and Miscarriage in Qatar
As the bearers of the next generation in one of the richest countries in the world, the social status of Qatari women is closely linked to their ability to have children. Women are expected to reflect the cultural and religious values attached to motherhood, and not having children puts women in a potentially vulnerable position. But Qatari women must also play an essential role in reflecting the country as a centre of Arab modernity, availing th…
Political science (27 obras) · Islamic Studies and History (23 obras) · Sociology (22 obras) · Law (20 obras) · Politics (15 obras) · Gender Studies (14 obras) · History (13 obras) · Turkey's Politics and Society (9 obras) · Art (8 obras) · Law (8 obras)