Billie Townsend
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 259762 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Billie Townsend |
| PRENOMES | Billie |
| SOBRENOME | Townsend |
| ASSINATURA | TOWNSEND B |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Australian National University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2480-2820 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 28 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 48 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 28 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2015 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
Non-governmental organisations and the regulation of harmful commodity industries
Background The crucial role of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in advancing effective regulation of health-harming corporate practices is widely accepted, yet how precisely they shape global health governance is not well-understood. While a vast literature has grappled with corporate power and its political, market, and technological dimensions, less attention has been paid to strategic efforts to counter the influence of corporate actors. …
Logics of (dis)engagement
A central question in contemporary health governance is how to prevent undue corporate influence. There is limited practical guidance beyond the tobacco control model. Global partnership approaches have continued to promote alcohol and ultra-processed food (UPF) industry engagement, and these industries have influenced policy and governance in ways that benefit their interests, often to the detriment of strong health regulation. In Australia indu…
Protecting Access to Medicines After Cambodia Graduates From Least Developed Country Status
Cambodia is a least developed country (LDC); however, it may graduate from the LDC status by 2029 Membership in the World Trade Organisation, will require Cambodia to provide patent protection for medicines that meet standard criteria. This qualitative policy analysis examines Cambodia's readiness for LDC graduation in terms of protecting access to medicines and explores how it can prepare to mitigate the impact of graduation on access to medicin…
Doing (and undoing) privilege
Doing (and undoing) privilege: evaluating how public policy drives health inequities
Monitoring privilege for health equity
The World Health Organization's Commission on Social Determinants of Health highlighted the need to measure and monitor the inequitable distribution of power, money, and resources across society. Efforts to monitor health inequity focus on disadvantage rather than advantage or privilege, and on proximal health outcomes rather than distal social and structural determinants of health. This study aimed to identify a comprehensive set of key indicato…
Blending Western and Australian Aboriginal Approaches
Cancer treatments have failed to reach people who live in rural and remote Australia. Geographic constraints on service delivery are exacerbated for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples who continue to be marginalised by a colonial legacy that drives disparities in access to healthcare. This is particularly evident in the remote communities of Bourke and Brewarrina which are home to significant Aboriginal populations. They are located 10…
NGOs and Global Business Regulation of Transnational Alcohol and Ultra-Processed Food Industries
The intensification of efforts by state and nonstate actors to address issues affecting global health has produced a patchwork of transnational regulatory governance. Within this field, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are expected to perform authoritative roles in holding business actors to account and enhance the democratic legitimacy of institutions via their participation in governance processes. While there exists a large body of concept…
Public health advocacy strategies to influence policy agendas
A framework of NGO inside and outside strategies in the commercial determinants of health
Global inequities in access to Covid-19 health products and technologies
This paper presents a political economy analysis of global inequities in access to COVID-19 vaccines, treatments, and diagnostic tests. We adapt a conceptual model used for analysing the political economy of global extraction and health to examine the politico-economic factors affecting access to COVID-19 health products and technologies in four interconnected layers: the social, political, and historical context; politics, institutions, and poli…
Advancing Indigenous self-determination and health equity
The 2007 Northern Territory Emergency Response (NTER) targeted Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory in Australia. The NTER imposed draconian measures unfavourable to health, contributing to health inequities. There is little research investigating why the NTER was framed so negatively, and how this framing passed into legislation so unassailably. We used institutional theory to understand what factors contributed to the NTER agenda fr…
What is the impact of intellectual property rules on access to medicines? A systematic review
Promoting action on structural drivers of health inequity
Background: Insufficient progress has been made towards reducing health inequities, due in part to a lack of action on the root causes of health inequities. At present, there is a limited evidence base to guide policy decision making in this space. Key points for discussion: This paper proposes new principles for researchers to conduct health equity policy evaluation. Four key principles are presented: (1) where to evaluate – shifting from famili…
Why are Indigenous Affairs Policies Framed in ways that Undermine Indigenous Health and Equity
The 2007 Australian Northern Territory Emergency Response policy was harmful to the health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. We thematically analysed 72 speech acts and reports from the three prominent perspectives: a Northern Territory government inquiry report, the Federal government, and an Aboriginal civil society coalition to examine how framings during the policy agenda setting phase constrained or supported scope for equitab…
Industry submissions on alcohol in the context of Australia's trade and investment agreements
Defending access to medicines in regional trade agreements
BACKGROUND: The Regional Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP) is a mega regional trade agreement signed by fifteen countries on 15 November 2020 after 8 years of negotiation. Signatories include the ten members of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) plus China, New Zealand, Japan, South Korea and Australia. India was a negotiating party until it withdrew from the negotiations in November 2019. The RCEP negotiations were initially…
Glossary on free trade agreements and health part 2
Part 1 of this glossary provided a brief background on the rise of regional/bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) and described the health implications of new trade obligations that figure prominently in current and recent trade negotiations, focusing on those provisions that build on previous agreements of the World Trade Organization (WTO). This approach continues into part 2 of the glossary, which also considers components of FTAs that have n…
Glossary on free trade agreements and health part 1
The global trading system has undergone a shift away from multilateral trade negotiations to a ‘spaghetti-bowl’ of regional and bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs). In this two-part glossary, we discuss why this shift has occurred, focusing on how it poses new challenges for public health. Specifically, we introduce key terms that shape this new trading environment and explain them through a public health lens. Part 1 of this glossary focuses …
Power and the people's health
How can multiple frames enable action on social determinants? Lessons from Australia’s paid parental leave
How do public health advocates and practitioners encourage policy actors to address the social determinants of health? What strategies can be used to elevate healthy social policies onto government agendas? In this paper, we examine the case of Australia’s first national paid parental leave scheme, announced in 2009 after decades of policy advocacy. This scheme provides job-protected leave and government-funded pay at the minimum wage for 18 week…
A glossary of theories for understanding power and policy for health equity
Progressing public policies that improve health equity requires understanding and addressing the creation, use and distribution of power. This glossary provides an overview of some of the most relevant conceptualisations of the dynamics of power in policy with implications for health equity. The aim is to provide an accessible overview of the different theories and perspectives behind power for public health focused policy researchers and advocat…
Bringing in critical frameworks to investigate agenda-setting for the social determinants of health
Analyzing the impact of trade and investment agreements on pharmaceutical policy
BACKGROUND: Trade and investment agreements negotiated after the World Trade Organization's Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) have included increasingly elevated protection of intellectual property rights along with an expanding array of rules impacting many aspects of pharmaceutical policy. Despite the large body of literature on intellectual property and access to affordable medicines, the ways in which …
An exposé of the realpolitik of trade negotiations
Objective: To explore the formal and informal ways in which different actors involved in shaping trade agreements pursue their interests and understand the interactions with nutrition, in order to improve coherence between trade and nutrition policy goals. Design: The paper draws on empirical evidence from Australian key informant interviews that explore the underlying political dimensions of trade agreements that act as barriers or facilitators …
How do actors with asymmetrical power assert authority in policy agenda-setting? A study of authority claims by health actors in trade policy
Power and the people's health
Global inequities in access to Covid-19 health products and technologies
This paper presents a political economy analysis of global inequities in access to COVID-19 vaccines, treatments, and diagnostic tests. We adapt a conceptual model used for analysing the political economy of global extraction and health to examine the politico-economic factors affecting access to COVID-19 health products and technologies in four interconnected layers: the social, political, and historical context; politics, institutions, and poli…
A glossary of theories for understanding power and policy for health equity
Progressing public policies that improve health equity requires understanding and addressing the creation, use and distribution of power. This glossary provides an overview of some of the most relevant conceptualisations of the dynamics of power in policy with implications for health equity. The aim is to provide an accessible overview of the different theories and perspectives behind power for public health focused policy researchers and advocat…
How do actors with asymmetrical power assert authority in policy agenda-setting? A study of authority claims by health actors in trade policy
Bringing in critical frameworks to investigate agenda-setting for the social determinants of health
Monitoring privilege for health equity
The World Health Organization's Commission on Social Determinants of Health highlighted the need to measure and monitor the inequitable distribution of power, money, and resources across society. Efforts to monitor health inequity focus on disadvantage rather than advantage or privilege, and on proximal health outcomes rather than distal social and structural determinants of health. This study aimed to identify a comprehensive set of key indicato…
Promoting action on structural drivers of health inequity
Background: Insufficient progress has been made towards reducing health inequities, due in part to a lack of action on the root causes of health inequities. At present, there is a limited evidence base to guide policy decision making in this space. Key points for discussion: This paper proposes new principles for researchers to conduct health equity policy evaluation. Four key principles are presented: (1) where to evaluate – shifting from famili…
Glossary on free trade agreements and health part 2
Part 1 of this glossary provided a brief background on the rise of regional/bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) and described the health implications of new trade obligations that figure prominently in current and recent trade negotiations, focusing on those provisions that build on previous agreements of the World Trade Organization (WTO). This approach continues into part 2 of the glossary, which also considers components of FTAs that have n…
International medicines governance 1940s to 1970s
Public health advocates aim to maximise affordable access to good quality essential medicines. This goal often conflicts with the profit-seeking ambitions of the pharmaceutical industry. Since the World Trade Organisation’s Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights agreement, the extension and enforcement of intellectual property (IP) rights has become the dominant discourse in global medicines governance. Public health advocates oper…
How does policy framing enable or constrain inclusion of social determinants of health and health equity on trade policy agendas
Trade agreements influence the distribution of money, goods, services and daily living conditions – the social determinants of health and health equity, which ultimately impacts differentially on health within and between countries. In order to advance health equity as a trade policy goal, greater understanding is needed of how different actors frame their interests in order to shape government priorities, thus helping to identify competing agend…
Power asymmetries, policy incoherence and noncommunicable disease control - a qualitative study of policy actor views
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) kill 40 million people each year and are the cause of 70% of global deaths annually. Proximal risk factors include tobacco use, physical inactivity, the harmful use of alcohol and consumption of unhealthy food, which are shaped by the social and economic conditions of daily life, known as the social and commercial determinants of health. It is well recognised within the global health community that policy coherence…
Analyzing the impact of trade and investment agreements on pharmaceutical policy
BACKGROUND: Trade and investment agreements negotiated after the World Trade Organization's Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) have included increasingly elevated protection of intellectual property rights along with an expanding array of rules impacting many aspects of pharmaceutical policy. Despite the large body of literature on intellectual property and access to affordable medicines, the ways in which …
An exposé of the realpolitik of trade negotiations
Objective: To explore the formal and informal ways in which different actors involved in shaping trade agreements pursue their interests and understand the interactions with nutrition, in order to improve coherence between trade and nutrition policy goals. Design: The paper draws on empirical evidence from Australian key informant interviews that explore the underlying political dimensions of trade agreements that act as barriers or facilitators …
How do actors with asymmetrical power assert authority in policy agenda-setting? A study of authority claims by health actors in trade policy
How can multiple frames enable action on social determinants? Lessons from Australia’s paid parental leave
How do public health advocates and practitioners encourage policy actors to address the social determinants of health? What strategies can be used to elevate healthy social policies onto government agendas? In this paper, we examine the case of Australia’s first national paid parental leave scheme, announced in 2009 after decades of policy advocacy. This scheme provides job-protected leave and government-funded pay at the minimum wage for 18 week…
A glossary of theories for understanding power and policy for health equity
Progressing public policies that improve health equity requires understanding and addressing the creation, use and distribution of power. This glossary provides an overview of some of the most relevant conceptualisations of the dynamics of power in policy with implications for health equity. The aim is to provide an accessible overview of the different theories and perspectives behind power for public health focused policy researchers and advocat…
Bringing in critical frameworks to investigate agenda-setting for the social determinants of health
Industry submissions on alcohol in the context of Australia's trade and investment agreements
Defending access to medicines in regional trade agreements
BACKGROUND: The Regional Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP) is a mega regional trade agreement signed by fifteen countries on 15 November 2020 after 8 years of negotiation. Signatories include the ten members of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) plus China, New Zealand, Japan, South Korea and Australia. India was a negotiating party until it withdrew from the negotiations in November 2019. The RCEP negotiations were initially…
Glossary on free trade agreements and health part 2
Part 1 of this glossary provided a brief background on the rise of regional/bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) and described the health implications of new trade obligations that figure prominently in current and recent trade negotiations, focusing on those provisions that build on previous agreements of the World Trade Organization (WTO). This approach continues into part 2 of the glossary, which also considers components of FTAs that have n…
Glossary on free trade agreements and health part 1
The global trading system has undergone a shift away from multilateral trade negotiations to a ‘spaghetti-bowl’ of regional and bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs). In this two-part glossary, we discuss why this shift has occurred, focusing on how it poses new challenges for public health. Specifically, we introduce key terms that shape this new trading environment and explain them through a public health lens. Part 1 of this glossary focuses …
Power and the people's health
Advancing Indigenous self-determination and health equity
The 2007 Northern Territory Emergency Response (NTER) targeted Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory in Australia. The NTER imposed draconian measures unfavourable to health, contributing to health inequities. There is little research investigating why the NTER was framed so negatively, and how this framing passed into legislation so unassailably. We used institutional theory to understand what factors contributed to the NTER agenda fr…
What is the impact of intellectual property rules on access to medicines? A systematic review
Promoting action on structural drivers of health inequity
Background: Insufficient progress has been made towards reducing health inequities, due in part to a lack of action on the root causes of health inequities. At present, there is a limited evidence base to guide policy decision making in this space. Key points for discussion: This paper proposes new principles for researchers to conduct health equity policy evaluation. Four key principles are presented: (1) where to evaluate – shifting from famili…
Why are Indigenous Affairs Policies Framed in ways that Undermine Indigenous Health and Equity
The 2007 Australian Northern Territory Emergency Response policy was harmful to the health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. We thematically analysed 72 speech acts and reports from the three prominent perspectives: a Northern Territory government inquiry report, the Federal government, and an Aboriginal civil society coalition to examine how framings during the policy agenda setting phase constrained or supported scope for equitab…
Public health advocacy strategies to influence policy agendas
A framework of NGO inside and outside strategies in the commercial determinants of health
Global inequities in access to Covid-19 health products and technologies
This paper presents a political economy analysis of global inequities in access to COVID-19 vaccines, treatments, and diagnostic tests. We adapt a conceptual model used for analysing the political economy of global extraction and health to examine the politico-economic factors affecting access to COVID-19 health products and technologies in four interconnected layers: the social, political, and historical context; politics, institutions, and poli…
NGOs and Global Business Regulation of Transnational Alcohol and Ultra-Processed Food Industries
The intensification of efforts by state and nonstate actors to address issues affecting global health has produced a patchwork of transnational regulatory governance. Within this field, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are expected to perform authoritative roles in holding business actors to account and enhance the democratic legitimacy of institutions via their participation in governance processes. While there exists a large body of concept…
Protecting Access to Medicines After Cambodia Graduates From Least Developed Country Status
Cambodia is a least developed country (LDC); however, it may graduate from the LDC status by 2029 Membership in the World Trade Organisation, will require Cambodia to provide patent protection for medicines that meet standard criteria. This qualitative policy analysis examines Cambodia's readiness for LDC graduation in terms of protecting access to medicines and explores how it can prepare to mitigate the impact of graduation on access to medicin…
Doing (and undoing) privilege
Doing (and undoing) privilege: evaluating how public policy drives health inequities
Monitoring privilege for health equity
The World Health Organization's Commission on Social Determinants of Health highlighted the need to measure and monitor the inequitable distribution of power, money, and resources across society. Efforts to monitor health inequity focus on disadvantage rather than advantage or privilege, and on proximal health outcomes rather than distal social and structural determinants of health. This study aimed to identify a comprehensive set of key indicato…
Political science (22 obras) · Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology (17 obras) · Economics (15 obras) · Law (15 obras) · Medicine (13 obras) · Public health (12 obras) · Sociology (11 obras) · Economic growth (10 obras) · Health care (10 obras) · Public Administration (10 obras)