David S Kirk
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 263192 |
|---|---|
| NOME | David S Kirk |
| PRENOMES | David S |
| SOBRENOME | Kirk |
| ASSINATURA | KIRK D S |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Oxford |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0037-4291 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 35 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 1010 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 35 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2006 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 14 |
Peer Influence and Use of Force
The Great Leveler? Juvenile Arrest, College Attainment, and the Future of American Inequality
A burgeoning literature suggests that criminal justice contact in adolescence hinders educational attainment, but prior research primarily considers short-term outcomes and relies on self-reported arrest information. In this article, we leverage Illinois administrative records over 25 years linked to a multicohort longitudinal study to provide estimates of whether an officially recorded juvenile arrest lingers beyond high school through college c…
The rise of machine learning in the academic social sciences
The promise and perils of the sharing economy
Private short‐term letting via Airbnb has exploded in the last decade, yet little is known about how this affects neighborhood crime rates. We estimate the association between Airbnb short‐term letting activity and six types of police‐reported crime in London, as well as an intervening mechanism, collective efficacy. We estimate these associations with maximum likelihood dynamic panel models with fixed effects (ML‐SEM) using data on Airbnb lettin…
Is Police Misconduct Contagious? Non-trivial Null Findings from Dallas, Texas
Neighborhoods’ Peril For The Formerly Incarcerated
More than 600,000 individuals are released from prison in the United States each year, and 40 percent will be back in prison within three years. Indeed, many social critics have claimed that “nothing works” to rehabilitate prisoners. However, this essay argues that residential change is an overlooked solution to persistent recidivism. It does so by chronicling the life of Kenneth Beaulieu, a formerly incarcerated individual who left Louisiana in …
Visualizing How Race, Support for Black Lives Matter, and Gun Ownership Shape Views of the U.S. Capitol Insurrection of January 6, 2021
Protest movements linked to racial inequality in policing and antigovernment sentiment have roiled the United States in recent years. In this visualization, the authors examine how race, support for Black Lives Matter (BLM), and gun ownership predict views about the political uprising of January 6, 2021, at the U.S. Capitol. On the basis of a 2021 survey from a long-term longitudinal study, the authors show that views of the Capitol insurrection …
Police Unionism, Accountability, and Misconduct
Recent discussions of police violence in the United States and the corresponding lack of accountability have shone a light on a highly debated agent opposing police reform—police unions. Although police unionism continues to be an understudied area, a recent wave of empirical investigations, both qualitative and quantitative, have contributed to a nascent understanding of the ways in which police union mechanisms facilitate police misconduct and …
The Impact of Mass Shootings on Attitudes toward Gun Restrictions
Is the American public more likely to favor stricter gun legislation in the aftermath of deadly mass shootings? The authors leverage the occurrence of several mass shootings during multiple survey waves of the General Social Survey between 1987 and 2018 to examine whether exposure to a mass shooting sways public opinion on gun legislation. The results reveal that mass shootings increase support for stricter gun permits among Democrats but not for…
Home Free
This book is about building credible science to address the challenge of criminal recidivism. It does so by drawing upon a unique natural experiment that presented an opportunity to witness an alternate reality. More than 625,000 individuals are released from prison in the United States each year, and roughly half of these individuals will be back in prison within just three years. A likely contributor to the churning of the same individuals in a…
The implications of ridehailing for risky driving and road accident injuries and fatalities
Evidence of the Effect of Police Violence on Citizen Crime Reporting
Where the Other 1 Percent Live
David S. Kirk, Where the Other 1 Percent Live: An Examination of Changes in the Spatial Concentration of the Formerly Incarcerated, RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 1, Criminal Justice Contact and Inequality (February 2019), pp. 255-274
Collateral Consequences of Punishment
The unprecedented growth of the penal system in the United States has motivated an expansive volume of research on the collateral consequences of punishment. In this review, we take stock of what is known about these collateral consequences, particularly in the domains of health, employment, housing, debt, civic involvement, families, and communities. Yet the full reckoning of the formal and informal consequences of mass incarceration and the tou…
The Great Crime Decline
Police Violence and Citizen Crime Reporting in the Black Community
High-profile cases of police violence-disproportionately experienced by black men-may present a serious threat to public safety if they lower citizen crime reporting. Using an interrupted time series design, this study analyzes how one of Milwaukee's most publicized cases of police violence against an unarmed black man, the beating of Frank Jude, affected police-related 911 calls. Controlling for crime, prior call patterns, and several neighborho…
Prisoner Reentry and the Reproduction of Legal Cynicism
More than 600,000 prisoners are released from incarceration each year in the United States, and most end up returning to metropolitan areas, concentrated in resource-deprived neighborhoods. To the extent that convicted criminals are distrustful of the criminal justice system, the funneling of massive numbers of former prisoners back into select neighborhoods likely facilitates the reproduction of legal cynicism in those areas. Accordingly, this s…
Data Bases and Statistical Systems
Changing the Street Dynamic
Research Summary This study uses a quasi‐experimental design to evaluate the efficacy of Chicago's Group Violence Reduction Strategy (VRS), a gun violence reduction program that delivers a focused‐deterrence and legitimacy‐based message to gang factions through a series of hour‐long “call‐ins.” The results suggest that those gang factions who attend a VRS call‐in experience a 23% reduction in overall shooting behavior and a 32% reduction in gunsh…
A Quantified Past
This article questions how people will interact with a quantified past-the growing historical record generated by the increasing use of sensor-based technologies and, in particular, personal informatics tools. In a qualitative study, we interviewed 15 long-term users of different self-tracking tools about how they encountered and made meaning from historical data they had collected. Our findings highlight that even if few people are self-tracking…
Labeling Effects of First Juvenile Arrests
A growing literature suggests that juvenile arrests perpetuate offending and increase the likelihood of future arrests. The effect on subsequent arrests is generally regarded as a product of the perpetuation of criminal offending. However, increased rearrest also may reflect differential law enforcement behavior. Using longitudinal data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) together with official arrest records, t…
Metropolitan Segregation and the Subprime Lending Crisis
Unsustainable high-cost lending was a major contributor to one of the worst financial crises in U.S. history. While several studies examine individual- and community-level predictors of high-cost lending, little research has tested for the possible causal effect of racial segregation. Using two-stage least squares statistical models, we find evidence that even after controlling for percentage minority, poverty, unemployment, low credit scores, ho…
Juvenile Arrest and Collateral Educational Damage in the Transition to Adulthood
Official sanctioning of students by the criminal justice system is a long-hypothesized source of educational disadvantage, but its explanatory status remains unresolved. Few studies of the educational consequences of a criminal record account for alternative explanations such as low self-control, lack of parental supervision, deviant peers, and neighborhood disadvantage. Moreover, virtually no research on the effect of a criminal record has exami…
Pursuing Leisure
Home Foreclosures and Community Crime
Objective Aggregate crime rates continue to decline in the United States despite the depth and breadth of the current foreclosure crisis. This trend calls into question conventional wisdom and prior research that suggest a causal, positive relationship between foreclosures and crime. The objective of this article is to consider an alternative argument, that foreclosures and crime are part‐and‐parcel of the same community‐level dynamics, and thus …
Cultural Mechanisms and the Persistence of Neighborhood Violence
Sociologists have given considerable attention to identifying the neighborhood-level social-interactional mechanisms that influence outcomes such as crime, educational attainment, and health. Yet, cultural mechanisms are often overlooked in quantitative studies of neighborhood effects. This paper adds a cultural dimension to neighborhood effects research by exploring the consequences of legal cynicism. Legal cynicism refers to a cultural frame in…
Police Violence and Citizen Crime Reporting in the Black Community
High-profile cases of police violence-disproportionately experienced by black men-may present a serious threat to public safety if they lower citizen crime reporting. Using an interrupted time series design, this study analyzes how one of Milwaukee's most publicized cases of police violence against an unarmed black man, the beating of Frank Jude, affected police-related 911 calls. Controlling for crime, prior call patterns, and several neighborho…
Juvenile Arrest and Collateral Educational Damage in the Transition to Adulthood
Official sanctioning of students by the criminal justice system is a long-hypothesized source of educational disadvantage, but its explanatory status remains unresolved. Few studies of the educational consequences of a criminal record account for alternative explanations such as low self-control, lack of parental supervision, deviant peers, and neighborhood disadvantage. Moreover, virtually no research on the effect of a criminal record has exami…
Legal Cynicism, Collective Efficacy, and the Ecology of Arrest
Ethnographic evidence reveals that many crimes in poor minority neighborhoods evade criminal justice sanctioning, thus leading to a negative association between the proportion of minority residents in a neighborhood and the arrest rate. To explain this finding, we extend recent theoretical explications of the concept of legal cynicism. Legal cynicism refers to a cultural orientation in which the law and the agents of its enforcement are viewed as…
A Natural Experiment on Residential Change and Recidivism
Ex-prisoners tend to be geographically concentrated in a relatively small number of neighborhoods within the most resource deprived sections of metropolitan areas. Furthermore, many prisoners return "home" to the same criminogenic environment with the same criminal opportunities and criminal peers that proved so detrimental prior to incarceration. Yet estimating the causal impact of place of residence on the likelihood of recidivism is complicate…
The Paradox of Law Enforcement in Immigrant Communities
Frustrated by federal inaction on immigration reform, several U.S. states in recent years have proposed or enacted laws designed to stem the flow of illegal immigrants into the United States and to facilitate their removal. An underappreciated implication of these laws is the potential alienation of immigrant communities-even law-abiding, cooperative individuals-from the criminal justice system. The ability of the criminal justice system to detec…
Labeling Effects of First Juvenile Arrests
A growing literature suggests that juvenile arrests perpetuate offending and increase the likelihood of future arrests. The effect on subsequent arrests is generally regarded as a product of the perpetuation of criminal offending. However, increased rearrest also may reflect differential law enforcement behavior. Using longitudinal data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) together with official arrest records, t…
The neighborhood context of racial and ethnic disparities in arrest
This study assesses the role of social context in explaining racial and ethnic disparities in arrest, with a focus on how distinct neighborhood contexts in which different racial and ethnic groups reside explain variations in criminal outcomes. To do so, I utilize a multilevel, longitudinal research design, combining individual-level data with contextual data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN). Findings reveal …
Unraveling the Contextual Effects on Student Suspension and Juvenile Arrest
Scholars of human development argue that a variety of social contexts affect youth development and that the interdependency of these contexts bears on the shape of human lives. However, few studies of contextual effects have attempted to model the effects of school, neighborhood, and family context at the same time, or to explore the relative and interdependent impact of these contexts on youth outcomes. This study provides an examination of the …
Residential Change as a Turning Point in the Life Course of Crime
Many former prisoners return home to the same residential environment, with the same criminal opportunities and criminal peers, where they resided before incarceration. If the path to desistance from crime largely requires knifing off from past situations and establishing a new set of routine activities, then returning to one's old environment and routines may drastically limit an ex‐prisoner's already dismal chances of desisting from crime. This…
Changing the Street Dynamic
Research Summary This study uses a quasi‐experimental design to evaluate the efficacy of Chicago's Group Violence Reduction Strategy (VRS), a gun violence reduction program that delivers a focused‐deterrence and legitimacy‐based message to gang factions through a series of hour‐long “call‐ins.” The results suggest that those gang factions who attend a VRS call‐in experience a 23% reduction in overall shooting behavior and a 32% reduction in gunsh…
Neighborhood Change and Crime in the Modern Metropolis
Few empirical studies of crime have treated neighborhoods as dynamic entities, by examining how processes of growth, change, and decline affect neighborhood rates of crime. From a small yet burgeoning collection of dynamic research related to population migration—including population loss, gentrification, development and demolition of public housing, home ownership and home foreclosure, and immigration—we know that neighborhood change, even when …
Evidence of the Effect of Police Violence on Citizen Crime Reporting
Home Foreclosures and Community Crime
Objective Aggregate crime rates continue to decline in the United States despite the depth and breadth of the current foreclosure crisis. This trend calls into question conventional wisdom and prior research that suggest a causal, positive relationship between foreclosures and crime. The objective of this article is to consider an alternative argument, that foreclosures and crime are part‐and‐parcel of the same community‐level dynamics, and thus …
Prisoner Reentry and the Reproduction of Legal Cynicism
More than 600,000 prisoners are released from incarceration each year in the United States, and most end up returning to metropolitan areas, concentrated in resource-deprived neighborhoods. To the extent that convicted criminals are distrustful of the criminal justice system, the funneling of massive numbers of former prisoners back into select neighborhoods likely facilitates the reproduction of legal cynicism in those areas. Accordingly, this s…
A Quantified Past
This article questions how people will interact with a quantified past-the growing historical record generated by the increasing use of sensor-based technologies and, in particular, personal informatics tools. In a qualitative study, we interviewed 15 long-term users of different self-tracking tools about how they encountered and made meaning from historical data they had collected. Our findings highlight that even if few people are self-tracking…
The Impact of Mass Shootings on Attitudes toward Gun Restrictions
Is the American public more likely to favor stricter gun legislation in the aftermath of deadly mass shootings? The authors leverage the occurrence of several mass shootings during multiple survey waves of the General Social Survey between 1987 and 2018 to examine whether exposure to a mass shooting sways public opinion on gun legislation. The results reveal that mass shootings increase support for stricter gun permits among Democrats but not for…
Where the Other 1 Percent Live
David S. Kirk, Where the Other 1 Percent Live: An Examination of Changes in the Spatial Concentration of the Formerly Incarcerated, RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 1, Criminal Justice Contact and Inequality (February 2019), pp. 255-274
The promise and perils of the sharing economy
Private short‐term letting via Airbnb has exploded in the last decade, yet little is known about how this affects neighborhood crime rates. We estimate the association between Airbnb short‐term letting activity and six types of police‐reported crime in London, as well as an intervening mechanism, collective efficacy. We estimate these associations with maximum likelihood dynamic panel models with fixed effects (ML‐SEM) using data on Airbnb lettin…
Police Unionism, Accountability, and Misconduct
Recent discussions of police violence in the United States and the corresponding lack of accountability have shone a light on a highly debated agent opposing police reform—police unions. Although police unionism continues to be an understudied area, a recent wave of empirical investigations, both qualitative and quantitative, have contributed to a nascent understanding of the ways in which police union mechanisms facilitate police misconduct and …
The implications of ridehailing for risky driving and road accident injuries and fatalities
Examining the Divergence Across Self-report and Official Data Sources on Inferences About the Adolescent Life-course of Crime
The neighborhood context of racial and ethnic disparities in arrest
This study assesses the role of social context in explaining racial and ethnic disparities in arrest, with a focus on how distinct neighborhood contexts in which different racial and ethnic groups reside explain variations in criminal outcomes. To do so, I utilize a multilevel, longitudinal research design, combining individual-level data with contextual data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN). Findings reveal …
Unraveling the Contextual Effects on Student Suspension and Juvenile Arrest
Scholars of human development argue that a variety of social contexts affect youth development and that the interdependency of these contexts bears on the shape of human lives. However, few studies of contextual effects have attempted to model the effects of school, neighborhood, and family context at the same time, or to explore the relative and interdependent impact of these contexts on youth outcomes. This study provides an examination of the …
A Natural Experiment on Residential Change and Recidivism
Ex-prisoners tend to be geographically concentrated in a relatively small number of neighborhoods within the most resource deprived sections of metropolitan areas. Furthermore, many prisoners return "home" to the same criminogenic environment with the same criminal opportunities and criminal peers that proved so detrimental prior to incarceration. Yet estimating the causal impact of place of residence on the likelihood of recidivism is complicate…
An Overview of Social Network Analysis
Social network analysis refers both to a view that social relations provide crucial insight to human behavior and to a set of analytic tools that enable the study of these social relations. Both practitioners and theorists interested in crime can gain important knowledge from a focus on social networks, as the growing literature in criminology demonstrates. This article provides an introduction for scholars interested in becoming better versed in…
Neighborhood Change and Crime in the Modern Metropolis
Few empirical studies of crime have treated neighborhoods as dynamic entities, by examining how processes of growth, change, and decline affect neighborhood rates of crime. From a small yet burgeoning collection of dynamic research related to population migration—including population loss, gentrification, development and demolition of public housing, home ownership and home foreclosure, and immigration—we know that neighborhood change, even when …
Legal Cynicism, Collective Efficacy, and the Ecology of Arrest
Ethnographic evidence reveals that many crimes in poor minority neighborhoods evade criminal justice sanctioning, thus leading to a negative association between the proportion of minority residents in a neighborhood and the arrest rate. To explain this finding, we extend recent theoretical explications of the concept of legal cynicism. Legal cynicism refers to a cultural orientation in which the law and the agents of its enforcement are viewed as…
Cultural Mechanisms and the Persistence of Neighborhood Violence
Sociologists have given considerable attention to identifying the neighborhood-level social-interactional mechanisms that influence outcomes such as crime, educational attainment, and health. Yet, cultural mechanisms are often overlooked in quantitative studies of neighborhood effects. This paper adds a cultural dimension to neighborhood effects research by exploring the consequences of legal cynicism. Legal cynicism refers to a cultural frame in…
Pursuing Leisure
Home Foreclosures and Community Crime
Objective Aggregate crime rates continue to decline in the United States despite the depth and breadth of the current foreclosure crisis. This trend calls into question conventional wisdom and prior research that suggest a causal, positive relationship between foreclosures and crime. The objective of this article is to consider an alternative argument, that foreclosures and crime are part‐and‐parcel of the same community‐level dynamics, and thus …
Residential Change as a Turning Point in the Life Course of Crime
Many former prisoners return home to the same residential environment, with the same criminal opportunities and criminal peers, where they resided before incarceration. If the path to desistance from crime largely requires knifing off from past situations and establishing a new set of routine activities, then returning to one's old environment and routines may drastically limit an ex‐prisoner's already dismal chances of desisting from crime. This…
The Paradox of Law Enforcement in Immigrant Communities
Frustrated by federal inaction on immigration reform, several U.S. states in recent years have proposed or enacted laws designed to stem the flow of illegal immigrants into the United States and to facilitate their removal. An underappreciated implication of these laws is the potential alienation of immigrant communities-even law-abiding, cooperative individuals-from the criminal justice system. The ability of the criminal justice system to detec…
Metropolitan Segregation and the Subprime Lending Crisis
Unsustainable high-cost lending was a major contributor to one of the worst financial crises in U.S. history. While several studies examine individual- and community-level predictors of high-cost lending, little research has tested for the possible causal effect of racial segregation. Using two-stage least squares statistical models, we find evidence that even after controlling for percentage minority, poverty, unemployment, low credit scores, ho…
Juvenile Arrest and Collateral Educational Damage in the Transition to Adulthood
Official sanctioning of students by the criminal justice system is a long-hypothesized source of educational disadvantage, but its explanatory status remains unresolved. Few studies of the educational consequences of a criminal record account for alternative explanations such as low self-control, lack of parental supervision, deviant peers, and neighborhood disadvantage. Moreover, virtually no research on the effect of a criminal record has exami…
Labeling Effects of First Juvenile Arrests
A growing literature suggests that juvenile arrests perpetuate offending and increase the likelihood of future arrests. The effect on subsequent arrests is generally regarded as a product of the perpetuation of criminal offending. However, increased rearrest also may reflect differential law enforcement behavior. Using longitudinal data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) together with official arrest records, t…
Data Bases and Statistical Systems
Changing the Street Dynamic
Research Summary This study uses a quasi‐experimental design to evaluate the efficacy of Chicago's Group Violence Reduction Strategy (VRS), a gun violence reduction program that delivers a focused‐deterrence and legitimacy‐based message to gang factions through a series of hour‐long “call‐ins.” The results suggest that those gang factions who attend a VRS call‐in experience a 23% reduction in overall shooting behavior and a 32% reduction in gunsh…
A Quantified Past
This article questions how people will interact with a quantified past-the growing historical record generated by the increasing use of sensor-based technologies and, in particular, personal informatics tools. In a qualitative study, we interviewed 15 long-term users of different self-tracking tools about how they encountered and made meaning from historical data they had collected. Our findings highlight that even if few people are self-tracking…
Police Violence and Citizen Crime Reporting in the Black Community
High-profile cases of police violence-disproportionately experienced by black men-may present a serious threat to public safety if they lower citizen crime reporting. Using an interrupted time series design, this study analyzes how one of Milwaukee's most publicized cases of police violence against an unarmed black man, the beating of Frank Jude, affected police-related 911 calls. Controlling for crime, prior call patterns, and several neighborho…
Prisoner Reentry and the Reproduction of Legal Cynicism
More than 600,000 prisoners are released from incarceration each year in the United States, and most end up returning to metropolitan areas, concentrated in resource-deprived neighborhoods. To the extent that convicted criminals are distrustful of the criminal justice system, the funneling of massive numbers of former prisoners back into select neighborhoods likely facilitates the reproduction of legal cynicism in those areas. Accordingly, this s…
Collateral Consequences of Punishment
The unprecedented growth of the penal system in the United States has motivated an expansive volume of research on the collateral consequences of punishment. In this review, we take stock of what is known about these collateral consequences, particularly in the domains of health, employment, housing, debt, civic involvement, families, and communities. Yet the full reckoning of the formal and informal consequences of mass incarceration and the tou…
The Great Crime Decline
Where the Other 1 Percent Live
David S. Kirk, Where the Other 1 Percent Live: An Examination of Changes in the Spatial Concentration of the Formerly Incarcerated, RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 1, Criminal Justice Contact and Inequality (February 2019), pp. 255-274
Home Free
This book is about building credible science to address the challenge of criminal recidivism. It does so by drawing upon a unique natural experiment that presented an opportunity to witness an alternate reality. More than 625,000 individuals are released from prison in the United States each year, and roughly half of these individuals will be back in prison within just three years. A likely contributor to the churning of the same individuals in a…
The implications of ridehailing for risky driving and road accident injuries and fatalities
Crime Patterns and Interventions (24 obras) · Criminology (24 obras) · Sociology (24 obras) · Political science (21 obras) · Law (18 obras) · Psychology (16 obras) · Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis (15 obras) · Policing Practices and Perceptions (10 obras) · Demography (8 obras) · Geography (8 obras)