A Mcwilliam
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 26935 |
|---|---|
| NOME | A Mcwilliam |
| PRENOMES | A |
| SOBRENOME | Mcwilliam |
| ASSINATURA | MCWILLIAM A |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Australian National University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5245-0685 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 53 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 261 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 51 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 2 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1994 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
Chapter 2. Fataluku Ritual Houses
Sama Bajo Resilience in the Time of Covid
Sama Bajo fishing communities in Southeast Sulawesi maintain a strong cultural and economic orientation to diverse fishing‐based livelihoods and varied engagement with high value seafood market supply chains. The onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic within Indonesia in early 2020, and its viral spread across the archipelago over 2021, had dramatic and disruptive impacts on local economies and distribution networks that sustain livelihoods, market servi…
Remittances for marriage
The Australian Seasonal Worker Programme (SWP) has offered opportunities for Timorese citizens to engage in farm labour and hospitality jobs in rural Australia for periods of six months. Savings and remittance from this work offers a powerful and self-directing development tool that could improve living standards for participating households. In this paper, we argue that remittances invested in social relationships through ceremonies and customar…
New archaeological discoveries in north-central Timor-Leste indicate sociocultural adaptations to landscape change during the Holocene
During the Holocene, Wallacea saw dramatic sociocultural changes during the Pre-ceramic, Neolithic, Metal-age, and Colonial periods, as well as climatic and associated environmental changes that affected the landscapes and ecologies of islands. These environmental and cultural processes appear to have influenced human socioeconomic adaptations throughout the archipelago. Here, we present new anthropological and archaeological data demonstrating t…
Economic Diversity In Contemporary Timor-Leste
Economic Diversity in Contemporary Timor-Leste analyses various economic dynamics in past and present Timor-Leste. Comprising 14 research chapters, the volume brings to the fore: 1) local, community-based economic values and arrangements; 2) community-based entanglements with a market-driven economy; 3) the colonial and postcolonial governance praxis through which a market-driven economy has permeated the country, and 4) the creative and place-ba…
Chapter 9. Reading against the Grain
Making Money, Missing Home
In the two decades of economic recovery in post-Independence Timor-Leste (2002–2022), there has been a growing interest and commitment, especially among young people, to pursue temporary and circular labour migration. In this paper I draw on a survey of returned Fataluku-speaking labour migrants who have spent varying periods of time working in the UK (Britain) and reflect on their experiences and the benefits or otherwise that have resulted from…
Distilling Livelihoods in Timor-Leste
This paper builds on the celebrated monograph by James J. Fox, entitled, Harvest of the Palm: ecological change in eastern Indonesia (1977). Fox’s work drew attention to the contribution of sugar palm economies among the communities of south-eastern Indonesia. His study highlighted the contrasting ecologies of two orientations to livelihoods; one approach celebrates the benefits of low impact, sustainable lontar palm economies on the islands of R…
Poverty and prosperity among Sama Bajo fishing communities (Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia)
Over recent decades, sustained economic growth in Indonesia has lifted many millions of Indonesians out of poverty. But despite these developments, 28 per cent of the population still live below the official poverty line and many more remain vulnerable to falling into poverty. Coastal and fishing communities represent some of the poorer populations across Indonesia, their livelihoods increasingly threatened by deleterious environmental impacts an…
Disaster Risk Reduction, modern science and local knowledge
Post-Conflict Social and Economic Recovery in Timor-Leste
This book presents a rich ethnography of post-conflict social and economic recovery in East Timor following the end of Indonesian military occupation of the territory in 1999. It offers a longer-term analysis of the pathways to rebuilding and restoring local community life, and the budding prosperity that has flowed from participation in spontaneous circular labour migration and the remittance benefits that have followed. Based on extensive compa…
In Appreciation
A rapid assessment framework for food system shocks
The frequency and severity of shocks to food systems is accelerating globally, exemplified by the current COVID-19 outbreak. In low- and middle-income countries, the impacts have exacerbated existing food system vulnerabilities and poverty. Governments and donors must respond quickly, but few tools are available that identify interventions to build food system resilience, or emerging opportunities for transformation. In this paper we reflect on t…
Forts and Fortification in Wallacea
‘This volume presents ground-breaking research on fortified sites in three parts of Wallacea by a highly regarded group of scholars from Australia, Europe, Southeast Asia and the United States. In addition to surveying and dating defensive sites in often remote and difficult terrain, the chapters provide an important and scholarly set of archaeological and ethnohistoric
Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Timor-Leste
"Reflecting on the legacies of Timor-Leste's remarkable journey from colonialism to sovereign and democratic Independence, the Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Timor-Leste provides a comprehensive and up-to-date reference work on all aspects of life in Timor-Leste. Following an introduction and overview of the country, the Handbook is divided into five parts: - Politics and governance - Economics and development - Social policies and the terms …
Spirit Ecologies and Customary Governance in Post-conflict Timor-Leste
In post-conflict Timor-Leste, the concepts of spirit ecologies and intergenerational wellbeing direct our attention to the ways in which Timorese people derive strength from house-based family networks as well as protective and productive spiritual relations with living nature. These practices of exchange resonate with a comparative body of research that has described similar 'spiritscapes' elsewhere in Southeast Asia and their relevance for soci…
Stone Archives and Fortified Histories in Timor-Leste
This paper explores the multiple ways that local records of the past are inscribed in the landscape through a variety of megalithic structures and stone objects. As archives of past habitation and sociality, stone is the most enduring structural form in the dynamic tropical environments of Timor-Leste. Largely for that reason, it has long been utilised as a building material of choice in the construction of defensive fortifications. But over time…
Community economies in Monsoon Asia
A diversity of place‐based community economic practices that enact ethical interdependence has long enabled livelihoods in Monsoon Asia. Managed either democratically or coercively, these culturally inflected practices have survived the rise of a cash economy, albeit in modified form, sometimes being co‐opted to state projects. In the modern development imaginary, these practices have been positioned as ‘traditional’, ‘rural’ and largely supersed…
Ambivalent ‘Indigeneities’ in an independent Timor‐Leste
Successfully achieving nationhood under the banner of what Anderson (2003) terms ‘aggregated nativeness’, Timor‐Leste is southeast Asia's newest nation. Yet as Anderson asserts ‘for the culture of nationalism ... survival cannot be enough’ (2003: 184) and as with all other nationalisms, Timor‐Leste's nation‐making agenda is now engaged in the search for inclusive futures for its citizens. In this paper, we examine the extent to which Timor‐Leste'…
Hunting and harvesting the commons
This chapter addresses questions of cohabitation and power in Timor-Leste by exploring an issue of long-standing interest around complex and often contested questions of resource use, entitlement and authority. Foraging activities across Timor-Leste can also take the form of ritualised harvesting when households act in a collective way to gather up the bounteous living 'fruits of the land'. In Timor-Leste, the living commons of existing broadacre…
A New Era? Timor-Leste after the UN
Timor-Leste has made impressive progress since its historic achievement of independence in 2002. From the instability that blighted its early years, the fledgling democratic country has achieved strong economic growth and a gradual reinstatement of essential social services. A decade on in 2012, Presidential and Parliamentary elections produced smooth political transitions and the extended UN peacekeeping presence in the country came to an end. B…
Lulik encounters and cultural frictions in East Timor
In the East Timorese lingua franca, Tetun, the word lulik is often simply translated as ‘sacred’ or ‘forbidden’. But the concept has much wider application as a set of fundamental, philosophical and moral orientations in Timorese social life. In this paper we present six historical and contemporary encounters with lulik , by a range of outsiders from beyond the Timorese tradition. Placed in the context of Sahlin's notion of ‘the structure of the …
Bright-Line Fever
Recent law and economics scholarship has revived a debate on bright-line rules in property theory. Economic analysis asserts a baseline preference for bright-line property rules because of the information costs if "all the world" had to understand a range of permitted uses, or deal with multiple interest holders in a resource. A baseline preference for bright-line rules of property arises from the cost of communicating information: all else being…
Cultivating Plantations and Subjects in East Timor
This article traces the emergence and institutionalization of plantation systems and cash crops in East Timor over two centuries. It examines the continuities, ruptures and shifting politics across successive plantation styles and political regimes, from Portuguese colonialism through Indonesian occupation to post-colonial independence. In following plantation agriculture from its origins to the present, the article explores how plantation subjec…
Potent Landscapes
Houses of Resistance in East Timor
Exchange and resilience in Timor-Leste
The collapse of the market economy and most employment opportunities that accompanied the withdrawal of Indonesia from East Timor in 1999 prompted the re-emergence of customary exchange practices that were heavily attenuated during Indonesian rule (1975-99). For many Fataluku-speaking Timorese communities, the strict internal security regime that accompanied military occupation curtailed opportunities for enacting vital exchanges that inform and …
Fataluku Healing and Cultural Resilience in East Timor
The destruction that accompanied the Indonesian withdrawal from East Timor in 1999 included the collapse of state-sponsored health services. As the new national government slowly reintroduces biomedical and other social services across the country, local
Harbouring Traditions in East Timor
Drawing on the literature of networks and marginality, this paper explores the social history of the small trading port of Com on the northeast coast of Timor. Com's marginality, as I define it, is constituted as a remote outpost of inter-island and trans-local trade networks of the Indonesian archipelago, and reproduced in its contemporary isolation from centres of economic power and processes of the global market. The paper draws on narrative t…
Prospects for the sacred grove
Malgre les discours et les programmes pour la preservation de la foret au Timor (Indonesie), peu de resultats positifs ont ete obtenus jusqu'a present et la degradation des espaces forestiers continue. L'A. soutient qu'une nouvelle approche est necessaire et il propose d'explorer quelques pistes nouvelles a partir de l'exemple des espaces forestiers sacres (lulic) geres en propriete collective par certaines populations autochtones. Il examine que…
Lulik encounters and cultural frictions in East Timor
In the East Timorese lingua franca, Tetun, the word lulik is often simply translated as ‘sacred’ or ‘forbidden’. But the concept has much wider application as a set of fundamental, philosophical and moral orientations in Timorese social life. In this paper we present six historical and contemporary encounters with lulik , by a range of outsiders from beyond the Timorese tradition. Placed in the context of Sahlin's notion of ‘the structure of the …
Austronesians in linguistic disguise
This paper explores the relationship between language and cultural practice in the Fataluku language community of East Timor. A Papuan language and member of what is referred to as the Trans New Guinea Phylum (TNGP) of languages, Fataluku society nevertheless exhibits many cultural ideas and practices suggesting a long period of engagement and accommodation to Austronesian cosmopolitanism. The idea that Fataluku speakers are ‘Austronesians in dis…
Examining the Origin of Fortifications in East Timor
The remains of fortified archaeological sites abound in hilltop locations on the island of East Timor (Timor-Leste). Archaeologists have linked the emergence of these fortified settlements with environmental change. Some point to a period of reduced rainfall and increased environmental fluctuations beginning about AD 1000, while others cite relatively large-scale climate change during the post-AD 1300 transition from the Medieval Warm Period to t…
Spirit Ecologies and Customary Governance in Post-conflict Timor-Leste
In post-conflict Timor-Leste, the concepts of spirit ecologies and intergenerational wellbeing direct our attention to the ways in which Timorese people derive strength from house-based family networks as well as protective and productive spiritual relations with living nature. These practices of exchange resonate with a comparative body of research that has described similar 'spiritscapes' elsewhere in Southeast Asia and their relevance for soci…
Ambivalent ‘Indigeneities’ in an independent Timor‐Leste
Successfully achieving nationhood under the banner of what Anderson (2003) terms ‘aggregated nativeness’, Timor‐Leste is southeast Asia's newest nation. Yet as Anderson asserts ‘for the culture of nationalism ... survival cannot be enough’ (2003: 184) and as with all other nationalisms, Timor‐Leste's nation‐making agenda is now engaged in the search for inclusive futures for its citizens. In this paper, we examine the extent to which Timor‐Leste'…
Cultivating Plantations and Subjects in East Timor
This article traces the emergence and institutionalization of plantation systems and cash crops in East Timor over two centuries. It examines the continuities, ruptures and shifting politics across successive plantation styles and political regimes, from Portuguese colonialism through Indonesian occupation to post-colonial independence. In following plantation agriculture from its origins to the present, the article explores how plantation subjec…
Historical Reflections on Customary Land Rights in Indonesia
A common theme that emerges in the history of modern Indonesia is the perpetuation of a political tension between centralist projects of national unity, and devolutionist tendencies expressed as regionalism and assertive cultural identity politics among local (adat) communities across the archipelago. The state territorial imperative combined with a sustained impetus, indeed obsession, with economic development is characteristic of both colonial …
New Beginnings in East Timorese Forest Management
Among the array of pressing development requirements facing East Timor is the need to create a new strategic national management approach for forest resources. This article explores the historical and environmental factors that have contributed to the contemporary pattern of forest lands and discusses policy options to support the development of a sustainable forestry future
Timorese seascapes
L'A. se propose de mettre en lumiere certains aspects des pratiques rituelles et des conceptions a propos des eaux maritimes cotieres au Timor, et il considere les perspectives et les difficultes de la reconnaissance formelle des tenures maritimes coutumieres dans le contexte etatique des regimes de propriete et des politiques de gestion des ressources. Il centre son analyse sur le Timor oriental depuis son accession a l'independance. Dans ce con…
Community economies in Monsoon Asia
A diversity of place‐based community economic practices that enact ethical interdependence has long enabled livelihoods in Monsoon Asia. Managed either democratically or coercively, these culturally inflected practices have survived the rise of a cash economy, albeit in modified form, sometimes being co‐opted to state projects. In the modern development imaginary, these practices have been positioned as ‘traditional’, ‘rural’ and largely supersed…
Bright-Line Fever
Recent law and economics scholarship has revived a debate on bright-line rules in property theory. Economic analysis asserts a baseline preference for bright-line property rules because of the information costs if "all the world" had to understand a range of permitted uses, or deal with multiple interest holders in a resource. A baseline preference for bright-line rules of property arises from the cost of communicating information: all else being…
Performing Politics
The 2007 national parliamentary elections in East Timor attracted high voter participation and was widely and favourably reported, but when the successful poll flared into violent post-election conflict, the possibility of realising political stability and national unity is again called into question. Despite the emergence of new political parties and a growing population of young aspirational Timorese voters who are shifting the grounds of polit…
New archaeological discoveries in north-central Timor-Leste indicate sociocultural adaptations to landscape change during the Holocene
During the Holocene, Wallacea saw dramatic sociocultural changes during the Pre-ceramic, Neolithic, Metal-age, and Colonial periods, as well as climatic and associated environmental changes that affected the landscapes and ecologies of islands. These environmental and cultural processes appear to have influenced human socioeconomic adaptations throughout the archipelago. Here, we present new anthropological and archaeological data demonstrating t…
A Plague on Your House? Some Impacts of Chromolaena odorata on Timorese Livelihoods
From lord of the earth to village head; Adapting to the nation-state in West Timor
To date the success of the New Order government in Indonesia since the 1960's has been founded in part upon the implementation of a universal sys tem of administration integrating a myriad of local-level social formations within formally structured tiers of national government. Although the pat terning of administrative arrangements is everywhere more or less the same, their expression at the local level is modified to varying degrees by the infl…
Marginal Governance in the Time of Pemekaran
Introduction
Haumeni, Not Many
There have been numerous occasions throughout history where the exploitation of a single commodity has transformed the fortunes of institutions, communities and even nations that have sought to benefit from its control. Middle Eastern oil, rubber from the former Belgian Congo or gold in South America provide a few striking case studies. For the eastern Indonesian island of Timor, the long-term struggle for the control and trade of high quality wh…
The Cultural Legacy of Makassar Stone in East Timor
During research on the archaeology and ethnohistory of fortified settlements in East Timor, a series of old graves was recorded with masonry features that local Timorese referred to as ‘Makassar stone’ (M: Batu Makassar, or Makassar mataru in the Fataluku vernacular). Oral histories of Fataluku-speaking communities associate the grave styles with traders from Sulawesi who developed a major maritime network from the late sixteenth century. While t…
Looking for Adê
In the centuries-old and turbulent history of Portuguese colonialism in East Timor, place names such as Lifao, Mena, Manatuto, Kupang and Dili (after 1769) are redolent of the early record of contact and trading relationships that fuelled the colonial desire for sandalwood, slaves and Christian souls in equal measure. Another name of similar antiquity and significance, also widely reported in the collective Portuguese archive, is the trading entr…
Case Studies in Dual Classification as Process
The diverse societies of eastern Indonesia have, for some time, been recognised as important contexts for the study of dual classification. In this region the practice of dual classification is evident in a multitude of social forms. It is found in the range of conventional expressions for category distinctions as well as in the formal organisation of ceremonial contexts and structural patterns of society. This paper examines the expression of ce…
De l'invocation à Timor ouest
Mcwilliam Andrew. De l'invocation à Timor ouest. In: L'Homme, 1994, tome 34 n°132. Anthropologie de la prière. pp. 121-131
From lord of the earth to village head; Adapting to the nation-state in West Timor
To date the success of the New Order government in Indonesia since the 1960's has been founded in part upon the implementation of a universal sys tem of administration integrating a myriad of local-level social formations within formally structured tiers of national government. Although the pat terning of administrative arrangements is everywhere more or less the same, their expression at the local level is modified to varying degrees by the infl…
A Plague on Your House? Some Impacts of Chromolaena odorata on Timorese Livelihoods
Prospects for the sacred grove
Malgre les discours et les programmes pour la preservation de la foret au Timor (Indonesie), peu de resultats positifs ont ete obtenus jusqu'a present et la degradation des espaces forestiers continue. L'A. soutient qu'une nouvelle approche est necessaire et il propose d'explorer quelques pistes nouvelles a partir de l'exemple des espaces forestiers sacres (lulic) geres en propriete collective par certaines populations autochtones. Il examine que…
Paths of Origin, Gates of Life
Drawing on extensive ethnographic fieldwork, this work explores the historical and cultural dimensions of an indigenous Timorese domain in the southern central highlands of West Timor
Timorese seascapes
L'A. se propose de mettre en lumiere certains aspects des pratiques rituelles et des conceptions a propos des eaux maritimes cotieres au Timor, et il considere les perspectives et les difficultes de la reconnaissance formelle des tenures maritimes coutumieres dans le contexte etatique des regimes de propriete et des politiques de gestion des ressources. Il centre son analyse sur le Timor oriental depuis son accession a l'independance. Dans ce con…
New Beginnings in East Timorese Forest Management
Among the array of pressing development requirements facing East Timor is the need to create a new strategic national management approach for forest resources. This article explores the historical and environmental factors that have contributed to the contemporary pattern of forest lands and discusses policy options to support the development of a sustainable forestry future
Haumeni, Not Many
There have been numerous occasions throughout history where the exploitation of a single commodity has transformed the fortunes of institutions, communities and even nations that have sought to benefit from its control. Middle Eastern oil, rubber from the former Belgian Congo or gold in South America provide a few striking case studies. For the eastern Indonesian island of Timor, the long-term struggle for the control and trade of high quality wh…
Houses of Resistance in East Timor
Mapping With Metaphor
Historical Reflections on Customary Land Rights in Indonesia
A common theme that emerges in the history of modern Indonesia is the perpetuation of a political tension between centralist projects of national unity, and devolutionist tendencies expressed as regionalism and assertive cultural identity politics among local (adat) communities across the archipelago. The state territorial imperative combined with a sustained impetus, indeed obsession, with economic development is characteristic of both colonial …
Meto Disputes and Peacemaking
Customary practices of dispute mediation and resolution have long provided informal and locally legitimate forms of redress and justice for Timorese communities. Drawing on the ethnography of Meto society in West Timor, this paper explores a range of cultural approaches surrounding conflict resolution among constituent smallholder farming communities. Case studies of warfare, marriage and land disputes are presented. Consideration is given to ada…
Austronesians in linguistic disguise
This paper explores the relationship between language and cultural practice in the Fataluku language community of East Timor. A Papuan language and member of what is referred to as the Trans New Guinea Phylum (TNGP) of languages, Fataluku society nevertheless exhibits many cultural ideas and practices suggesting a long period of engagement and accommodation to Austronesian cosmopolitanism. The idea that Fataluku speakers are ‘Austronesians in dis…
Harbouring Traditions in East Timor
Drawing on the literature of networks and marginality, this paper explores the social history of the small trading port of Com on the northeast coast of Timor. Com's marginality, as I define it, is constituted as a remote outpost of inter-island and trans-local trade networks of the Indonesian archipelago, and reproduced in its contemporary isolation from centres of economic power and processes of the global market. The paper draws on narrative t…
Introduction
Looking for Adê
In the centuries-old and turbulent history of Portuguese colonialism in East Timor, place names such as Lifao, Mena, Manatuto, Kupang and Dili (after 1769) are redolent of the early record of contact and trading relationships that fuelled the colonial desire for sandalwood, slaves and Christian souls in equal measure. Another name of similar antiquity and significance, also widely reported in the collective Portuguese archive, is the trading entr…
Performing Politics
The 2007 national parliamentary elections in East Timor attracted high voter participation and was widely and favourably reported, but when the successful poll flared into violent post-election conflict, the possibility of realising political stability and national unity is again called into question. Despite the emergence of new political parties and a growing population of young aspirational Timorese voters who are shifting the grounds of polit…
Fataluku Healing and Cultural Resilience in East Timor
The destruction that accompanied the Indonesian withdrawal from East Timor in 1999 included the collapse of state-sponsored health services. As the new national government slowly reintroduces biomedical and other social services across the country, local
The spiritual commons
Informed by anthropologist Stephen Gudeman’s dialect between the interacting realms of community and market economies, I seek in this article to focus on aspects of the commons and the shared values of a community that might be referred to as the ‘spiritual commons’. The phrase speaks specifically to the ideas and practices that guide the ritual and spiritual elements of social life. I argue that the spiritual commons is not a realm set apart fro…
Land and Life in Timor-Leste
In the aftermath of the Indonesian occupation (1975–99) and the bittersweet triumph of the resistance struggle, Timor-Leste emerged as the first new nation of the twenty-first century.1 The path to independence, however, was a rocky one and left a deep legacy of suffering and social dislocation. In the chaotic withdrawal of Indonesian forces, a final bout of violence, property destruction and population displacement left the half-island nation a …
Fataluku Living Landscapes
In his magico-realist depictions of life and times in East Timor during the 1960s, \nLuís Cardoso writes about sharks as transmuted forms of ancestors: ‘No one \nfrom the island was ever lost. Sometimes they lived in the sea, sometimes on the \nland. These cycles demanded their due if they were to continue’ (2000:21). In \na variety of evocative encounters, Cardoso draws attention to certain Timorese \ncultural notions of attachment and agency in…
Land and Life in Timor-Leste
Following the historic 1999 popular referendum, East Timor emerged as the first independent sovereign nation of the 21st Century. The years since these momentous events have seen an efflorescence of social research across the country drawn by shared interests in the aftermath of the resistance struggle, the processes of social recovery and the historic opportunity to pursue field-based ethnography following the hiatus of research during 24 years …
Ethnography, Agency, and Materiality
Rice in contemporary East Timor is multivalent, with a rich historical legacy. In the current postcolonial context, rice agriculture and the value of rice as both a consumption good and a development objective remain a priority. Government-sponsored rice production is framed variously as “food security” for the poor and as a key objective of “agricultural modernization” for a new class of dynamic farmers in a progressive market-oriented food prod…
Marginal Governance in the Time of Pemekaran
Political science (35 obras) · Geography (33 obras) · Sociology (26 obras) · Economics (22 obras) · Law (19 obras) · Peacebuilding and International Security (17 obras) · Anthropological Studies and Insights (16 obras) · Island Studies and Pacific Affairs (14 obras) · Archaeology (13 obras) · History (13 obras)