Raymond Brady Williams
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 270569 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Raymond Brady Williams |
| PRENOMES | Raymond Brady |
| SOBRENOME | Williams |
| ASSINATURA | WILLIAMS R B |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Duke University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8581-0648 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 77 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 116 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 75 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 3 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1972 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2021 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
A Tribute to Kristina Orth-Gomér – an Outstanding Scientist for Women’s Health in Behavioral and Psychosomatic Medicine
Schneiderman, Neil PhD; Chesney, Margaret A. PhD; Williams, Redford B. MD; Lane, Richard D. MD, PhD; Deter, Hans-Christian MDAuthor Information
The Effects of Tryptophan Enhancement and Depletion on Plasma Catecholamine Levels in Healthy Individuals
OBJECTIVE: Central nervous system (CNS) serotonin (5-HT) exerts both excitatory and inhibitory effects on the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in animals. In this study, we examine the effects of tryptophan enhancement and depletion on plasma catecholamine levels in humans. METHODS: The total sample consisted of 164 healthy men and women who were tested for 2 days. Seventy-nine participants were randomized to a tryptophan enhancement condition an…
Systolic Blood Pressure and Socioeconomic Status in a large multi-study population
The present study used harmonized data from eight studies (N = 28,891) to examine the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and resting systolic blood pressure (SBP). The study replicates and extends our prior work on this topic by examining potential moderation of this association by race and gender. We also examined the extent to which body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and smoking might explain the association between SE…
An Introduction to Swaminarayan Hinduism
An Introduction to Swaminarayan Hinduism, third edition, offers a comprehensive study of a contemporary form of Hinduism. Begun as a revival and reform movement in India 200 years ago, it has now become one of the fastest growing and most prominent forms of Hinduism. The Swaminarayan Hindu transnational network of temples and institutions is expanding in India, East Africa, the UK, USA, Australasia, and in other African and Asian cities. The devo…
Introduction to Swaminarayan Hinduism
Swaminarayan Hinduism
Swaminarayan Hinduism is a rapidly expanding transnational Hindu movement with followers and institutions throughout India and abroad, especially in the United States, Britain, East Africa, and Australasia. It is rooted in its formation in India at the cusp of the early modern and colonial period and is now growing through modern transnational networks. New discoveries, recent research, and new interpretation of the history, doctrine, devotional …
Swaminarayan and British Contacts in Gujarat in the 1820s
This chapter contributes to an understanding of the colonial period and the early history of Swaminarayan Hinduism because it records the relationships between officials of the East India Company and Anglican clergymen and leaders of a growing Hindu group in the first few years of British rule over areas of Gujarat. The narrative demonstrates how these leaders negotiated political, religious, and intellectual relationships at the very early stage…
Socioeconomic Indices as Independent Correlates of C-Reactive Protein in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health
OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and C-reactive protein (CRP) to understand how SES may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and thus identify targets for prevention measures. METHODS: Path models were used to examine direct and indirect associations of four indices of SES (objective early life built environment ratings, parental and participant education, and income) with CRP measured during early …
Depressive Symptoms and Mental Stress–Induced Myocardial Ischemia in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the associations between depressive symptoms and mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia (MSIMI) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS: Adult patients with documented CHD were recruited for baseline mental stress and exercise stress screening testing as a part of the enrollment process of the Responses of Myocardial Ischemia to Escitalopram Treatment trial. Patients were administ…
Social, Behavioral, and Genetic Linkages from Adolescence Into Adulthood
The influence of genetic factors on health and behavior is conditioned by social, cultural, institutional, and physical environments in which individuals live, work, and play. We encourage studies supporting multilevel integrative approaches to understanding these contributions to health, and describe the Add Health study as an exemplar. Add Health is a large sample of US adolescents in grades 7 to 12 in 1994–1995 followed into adulthood with 4 i…
The South Asian Religious Diaspora in Britain, Canada, and the United States
The South Asian Religious Diaspora in Britain, Canada, and the United States
Effects of 5HTTLPR on Cardiovascular Response to an Emotional Stressor
OBJECTIVES: To replicate a prior main effect of the serotonin transporter gene promoter (5HTTLPR) genotype on cardiovascular reactivity (CVR) and explore caregiver stress as a potential moderator of 5HTTLPR effects on CVR. On the basis of prior findings, we hypothesized that the more transcriptionally active allele variants would be associated with increased CVR. METHODS: Expression of the serotonin transporter is affected by the genotype of the …
Socioeconomic Status Moderates the Association Between John Henryism and NEO PI-R Personality Domains
OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations between John Henryism (JH) and NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (PI-R) personality domains. JH-a strong behavioral predisposition to engage in high-effort coping with difficult psychosocial and economic stressors-has been associated with poor health, particularly among persons in lower socioeconomic (SES) groups. Unfavorable personality profiles have also been frequently linked to poor health; however, no s…
Video-Based Coping Skills to Reduce Health Risk and Improve Psychological and Physical Well-Being in Alzheimer's Disease Family Caregivers
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether video-based coping skills (VCS) training with telephone coaching reduces psychosocial and biological markers of distress in primary caregivers of a relative with Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD). METHODS: A controlled clinical trial was conducted with 116 ADRD caregivers who were assigned, alternately as they qualified for the study, to a Wait List control condition or the VCS training arm in which th…
Impact of Psychological Stress on the Associations Between Apolipoprotein E Variants and Metabolic Traits
OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene variants and waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, serum insulin, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and serum triglycerides, all metabolic traits known as cardiovascular disease (CVD) endophenotypes, in a population of stressed individuals and controls. Abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, elevated serum lipid concentration, and APOE polymorphisms have b…
Associations of Depressive Symptoms, Trait Hostility, and Gender With C-Reactive Protein and Interleukin-6 Response After Emotion Recall
OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of depressive symptoms and hostility on changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6 in response to an acute laboratory stressor. Depressive symptoms moderate the effect of trait hostility on circulating levels of CRP and IL-6. METHODS: The study included 307 men and 218 women, affording the opportunity to examine moderation by gender. Regression analyses were performed to examine depressive symptom…
Central Nervous System Serotonin and Clustering of Hostility, Psychosocial, Metabolic, and Cardiovascular Endophenotypes in Men
OBJECTIVE: To use measures of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) and genotype of a functional polymorphism of the monoamine oxidase A gene promoter (MAOA-uVNTR) to study the role of central nervous system (CNS) serotonin in clustering of hostility, other psychosocial, metabolic and cardiovascular endophenotypes. METHODS: In 86 healthy male volunteers, we evaluated CSF levels of the primary serotonin metabolite 5HIAA and …
Vulnerability genes or plasticity genes?
The classic diathesis-stress framework, which views some individuals as particularly vulnerable to adversity, informs virtually all psychiatric research on behavior-gene-environment (G x E) interaction. An alternative framework of 'differential susceptibility' is proposed, one which regards those most susceptible to adversity because of their genetic make up as simultaneously most likely to benefit from supportive or enriching experiences-or even…
Hostility and Fasting Glucose in African American Women
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the relationship of hostility (HOST) to fasting glucose indices is moderated by sex and race. HOST has been associated with abnormalities in glucose metabolism. Prior studies suggested that this association may be more prevalent in women and in African American (AA) individuals. METHODS: A total of 565 healthy AA and white (W) men and women (mean age = 33 +/- 6 years) were assessed. HOST was measured by the 27-item v…
Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Serotonin Transporter Gene Polymorphism Enhance Cardiovascular Reactivity to Mental Stress
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that low socioeconomic status (SES) and the 5HTTLPR L allele are associated with increased cardiovascular reactivity (CVR) to stress in a larger sample and that SES and 5HTTLPR genotypes interact to enhance CVR to stress. CVR to mental stress has been proposed as one mechanism linking stress to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. The more transcriptionally efficient long (L) allele of a polymorphism of th…
Associations of a Regulatory Polymorphism of Monoamine Oxidase-A Gene Promoter (Maoa-uVNTR) With Symptoms of Depression and Sleep Quality
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationships among the variable number of tandem repeats in the monoamine oxidase-A linked polymorphic region allelic variation (MAOA-uVNTR) and the symptoms of depression and sleep quality. The monoamine oxidase-A (MAOA) gene, which plays a vital role in degradation of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, contains a polymorphism in its promoter region (MAOA-uVNTR) that affects transcriptio…
Facets of Openness Predict Mortality in Patients With Cardiac Disease
OBJECTIVE: To examine the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI) Openness to Experience (O) domain and its facets as predictors of cardiac deaths and all-cause mortality. METHODS: The NEO PI was administered to a sample of 977 coronary catheterization patients with significant coronary artery disease. Over an average 15-year follow-up period, 266 cardiac deaths and 463 total deaths occurred. The relationships of O scores to mortality were examined wi…
Sleep Quality Varies as a Function of 5-HTTLPR Genotype and Stress
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that allelic variation in 5HTT gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) genotype was associated with sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI) as a main effect and as moderated by the chronic stress of caregiving. Serotonin (5HT) is involved in sleep regulation and the 5HT transporter (5HTT) regulates 5HT function. A common 44-base pair deletion (s allele) polymorphism in the 5-HTTLPR is associated wi…
Psychosocial Benefits of Three Formats of a Standardized Behavioral Stress Management Program
Objective: Psychosocial factors are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in healthy and clinical populations. Behavioral interventions are needed to train the large number of people in the community setting who are affected by stressors to use coping skills that will reduce these risk factors. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of three forms of delivery of a standardized, behavioral intervention—the Williams L…
Effect of Race on Cultural Justifications for Caregiving
This study supports the long-standing cultural tradition of African American families providing care to dependent elders. Cultural reasons for caregiving need to be interpreted within the context of race and gender socialization. Social roles, such as husband or wife, son or daughter, can also help determine how individuals within a particular cultural group experience cultural expectations and obligations. Information from this study can inform …
Perceived racism and cardiovascular reactivity and recovery to personally relevant stress
This study evaluated cardiovascular responses (CVR) to an active speech task with blatantly discriminatory (BRC) versus neutral (NRC) stimuli and an anger recall task in a sample of Black men (N = 73; age 18 to 47). Diastolic blood pressure scores were higher for NRC versus BRC stimuli during anger recall (p = .05). Moreover, persons in the NRC group who perceived high levels of racism (vs. no racism or BRC group) during active speech showed larg…
NEO personality domains and gender predict levels and trends in body mass index over 14 years during midlife
Social, Behavioral, and Genetic Linkages from Adolescence Into Adulthood
The influence of genetic factors on health and behavior is conditioned by social, cultural, institutional, and physical environments in which individuals live, work, and play. We encourage studies supporting multilevel integrative approaches to understanding these contributions to health, and describe the Add Health study as an exemplar. Add Health is a large sample of US adolescents in grades 7 to 12 in 1994–1995 followed into adulthood with 4 i…
The Relationship between Self-Rated Health and Health Status among Coronary Artery Patients
A single item measure of SRH may be useful; the generalizability of the item must be considered. In this sample of CAD patients, SRH was related more to psychosocial factors than to clinical and disease indicators
Asian Indian and Pakistani Religions in the United States
American religion is the product of immigration, and the change made in the U.S. immigration law in 1965 continues to affect American society, culture, and religion profoundly. Immigrants from India and Pakistan were admitted in significant numbers for the first time as a result of that change. The number of Asian Indian and Pakistani residents more than doubled between the 1980 and 1990 censuses, and this immigration continues apace. Adherents o…
Content and comprehensiveness in the MMPI
Physiological Stress Response of the Neuroendocrine System During Outdoor Adventure Tasks
Outdoor adventure tasks involve a composite stress of both physical and psychosocial demands. Such compound stressors are not often studied, yet this is the type of stress most often associated with active leisure experiences. The purpose of this study was to describe urinary epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol responses to various outdoor adventure tasks, and to evaluate the influence of aerobic fitness on these responses. Adult participan…
Surrogate assessment of coronary artery disease patients' functional capacity
Type As who think they are Type Bs
The study described here explored discrepancies between self‐ratings and interview ratings of Type A behaviour. A total of 281 patients referred for diagnostic coronary angiography underwent a comprehensive psychological assessment including the Type A structured interview (SI), the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and two self‐report measures of Type A behaviour, the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS) and the Type A Self‐Rating Inve…
The Influence of Interpersonal Interaction on Diastolic Blood Pressure
Diastolic blood pressure was measured in 17 subjects during interview situations in which the novelty of the situation, the content of the interview and the amount of interpersonal interaction were systematically varied. The stability of a diastolic blood pressure rise from one test session to the next during an interview dealing with personal content and having relatively much interpersonal interaction suggests that novelty is not responsible fo…
Serum Dopamine-beta-Hydroxylase (DBH) Activity and Blood Pressure Response of Rat Strains to Shock-Induced Fighting
Significant differences are found among rat strains in terms of both blood pressure response to shock-induced fighting and peripheral sympathetic nerve activity, as reflected in serum dopamine-B-hydroxylase (DBH) activity. In addition, strains with low levels of serum DBH activity did not exhibit significant blood pressure changes after fighting, whereas strains with high serum DBH levels showed significant falls in blood pressure. We conclude th…
Locus of Control and Vasomotor Response to Sensory Processing
Heart rate and forearm blood flow responses were measured during experimental tasks requiring sensory intake, sensory rejection, and a mixture of the two behaviors. Subjects were 29 college students who had been categorized using Rotter's locus of control scale. Significant increases in both cardiovascular indices were seen in all three tasks; the responses were smaller, however, during sensory intake. Internals showed a differential response of …
Type A Behavior, Hostility, and Coronary Atherosclerosis
Type A behavior pattern was assessed using the structured interview and hostility level was assessed using a subscale of the Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory in 424 patients who underwent diagnostic coronary arteriography for suspected coronary heart disease. In contrast to non-Type A patients, a significantly greater proportion of Type A patients had at least one artery with a clinically significant occlusion of 75% or greater. In addi…
Effects of Exercise on the Type A (Coronary Prone) Behavior Pattern1
This study presents the initial findings of an attempt to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in a group of health, middle-aged adults by participation in a ten-week, supervised exercise program. Forty-six subjects were classified as Type A or Type B based on their scores on the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS). Measures of physiologic (blood pressure, serum lipids, body weight, plasminogen activator release, and treadmill performance) a…
Physiological and Psychological Variables Predict Compliance to Prescribed Exercise Therapy in Patients Recovering from Myocardial Infarction
Previous research has documented high rates of noncompliance to prescribed medical therapy in patients recovering from myocardial infarction (MI). This study was undertaken to determine if patients who subsequently drop out of a structured cardiac rehabilitation program could be prospectively distinguished from those who remain in the program based upon their initial baseline characteristics. Thirty-five consecutive patients with recent MIs under…
Hostility, CHD Incidence, and Total Mortality
High levels of hostility as assessed by a MMPI scale (Ho) have been found associated with increased levels of arteriographically documented coronary atherosclerosis. In this study we examined the relationship between hostility and subsequent health status in a 25-year follow-up of 255 medical students who completed the MMPI while in medical school. High Ho scores were found to be predictive of both clinical coronary disease incidence and total mo…
Components of Type A, Hostility, and Anger-In
Previous research has linked the Type A coronary-prone behavior pattern to angiographically documented severity of coronary atherosclerosis (CAD). The present study sought through component scoring of the Type A Structured Interview (SI) to determine what elements of the multidimensional Type A pattern are related to coronary disease severity in a selected group of patients with minimal or severe CAD. Multivariate analyses controlling for the maj…
Content and comprehensiveness in the MMPI
A New Face of Hinduism
Psychosocial and physical predictors of anginal pain relief with medical management
This study was undertaken to identify psychosocial and physical characteristics that independently predict anginal pain relief. The original study group comprised over 570 patients in whom the characteristics were identified at the time of coronary arteriography and who were followed up after 6 months of standard medical therapy. In the subset of 382 of these patients who were assessed as having NYHA Class III or IV angina at the time of angiogra…
Type As who think they are Type Bs
The study described here explored discrepancies between self‐ratings and interview ratings of Type A behaviour. A total of 281 patients referred for diagnostic coronary angiography underwent a comprehensive psychological assessment including the Type A structured interview (SI), the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and two self‐report measures of Type A behaviour, the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS) and the Type A Self‐Rating Inve…
Psychological correlates of hostility among patients undergoing coronary angiography
The Cook‐Medley Hostility (Ho) scale (Cook & Medley, 1954) has been associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). There is relatively little information about the psychosocial correlates of the Ho scale in clinical or adult populations, however. In this study, 132 patients (mean age = 53 years) referred for diagnostic coronary angiography completed a battery of self‐report questionnaires including the Minnesota Multiphasic Pers…
Racial differences in blood pressure and forearm vascular responses to the cold face stimulus
The mechanisms responsible for the higher incidence of essential hypertension in blacks than in whites are the object of much research attention. One hypothesis is that the development of hypertension in blacks is associated with exaggerated blood pressure reactivity, particularly those responses mediated by vasoconstriction. Racial differences in blood pressure responses to cold stimulation of the forehead, a known alpha-adrenergic vasoconstrict…
Opioid dysfunction and risk for hypertension
Opioidergic inhibition of sympathetic nervous system responses may be deficient in persons at risk for essential hypertension (McCubbin et al: Hypertension 7:808, 1985). The opiate antagonist naloxone increases blood pressure responses during psychological stress in young adults with low causal blood pressure, but has no pressor effect in subjects with high casual blood pressure. The purpose of the present study was to determine the role of alter…
Type A behavior and angiographically documented coronary atherosclerosis in a sample of 2,289 patients
To determine the relationship between Type A behavior pattern and angiographically documented coronary atherosclerosis (CAD), we analyzed risk factor, behavioral, and angiographic data collected on 2,289 patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography at Duke University Medical Center between 1974 and 1980. Multivariable analyses using ordinal logistic regression techniques showed that Type A behavior as assessed by the structured interview (…
Situational determinants of cardiovascular and emotional reactivity in high and low hostile men
Various epidemiologic studies have found that high scores on the Cook and Medley Hostility (Ho) scale are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), severity of atherosclerosis, and all-cause mortality. One plausible biological mechanism suspected of contributing to increased risk of CHD is sympathetic nervous system-mediated hyperresponsivity to environmental stressors. The present study evaluated cardiovascular reactivity a…
Religions of Immigrants from India and Pakistan
Preface Introduction Part I. The People and Their Religions: 1. A new pattern: made in the USA 2. The religions: Hinduism, Jainism, and Sikhism 3. The religions: Islam, Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Judaism Part II. Studies of Adaptive Strategies: 4. Their American cousins: adaptation of cultural groups 5. Swaminarayan Hinduism: an ethnic religion 6. Nizari Ismaili Muslims: a religious minority Part III. Profiles of Religious Organizations in…
Predicting personality in adulthood from college MMPI scores
To assess the long-term predictive utility of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) content scales, 1,960 individuals who had completed the MMPI in college in 1964 or 1965 were administered two measures of adult personality, the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) and the Cook and Medley MMPI Hostility scale, in 1988. A comparison group of 274 men and women in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging were given both MMPI and NEO-PI b…
Religions of Immigrants from India and Pakistan
Prognostic Importance of Social and Economic Resources Among Medically Treated Patients With Angiographically Documented Coronary Artery Disease
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the hypothesis that diminished social and economic resources impact adversely on cardiovascular mortality in patients with coronary artery disease. DESIGN: Inception cohort study of patients undergoing cardiac catheterization from 1974 through 1980 and followed up through 1989. SETTING: Tertiary care university medical center. PATIENTS: Consecutive sample of 1965 medically treated patients with stenosis 75% or greater of at…
The Relationship Between Hostility and beta-Adrenergic Receptor Physiology in Healthy Young Males
OBJECTIVE: We examined the relationship between hostility and mononuclear leukocyte (MNL) beta-adrenergic receptor function in a sample of young healthy males. METHOD: Thirty subjects were selected for having scored above 20 (N = 11) and below 14 (N = 19) on the Cook-Medley Hostility (Ho) scale. MNL beta-adrenergic receptor function was characterized in terms of receptor density (Bmax) and ligand-binding affinity (Kd) in homogenized cells, and in…
Stress in Employed Women
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biological and psychological effects of role overload, we examined the effects of marital (or partnership) status and parental status (defined as having children at home) on daily excretion of urinary catecholamines and cortisol in a sample of 109 employed women. Other measures included work and home strain, and social support. METHODS: Urine collection was conducted on two consecutive workdays in three separate aliquot…
Surrogate assessment of coronary artery disease patients' functional capacity
Research Participation as a Predictor of Survival in Cardiac Patients
Barefoot, J. C.; Helms, M. J.; Mark, D. B.; Siegler, I. C.; Williams, R. B. Author Information
Medicine (57 obras) · Psychology (54 obras) · Internal Medicine (47 obras) · Internal Medicine (44 obras) · Cardiac Health and Mental Health (35 obras) · Clinical Psychology (31 obras) · Psychiatry (28 obras) · Psychosocial (19 obras) · Hostility (17 obras) · Stress Responses and Cortisol (16 obras)