John Wilding
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 2746331 |
|---|---|
| NOME | John Wilding |
| PRENOMES | John |
| SOBRENOME | Wilding |
| ASSINATURA | WILDING J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Royal Holloway University of London |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2839-8404 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 23 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 12 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 23 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1979 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2022 |
| ÍNDICE H | 2 |
Economic impacts of overweight and obesity
INTRODUCTION: The scope of the challenge of overweight and obesity (OAO) has not been fully realised globally, in part because much of what is known about the economic impacts of OAO come from high-income countries (HICs) and are not readily comparable due to methodological differences. Our objective is to estimate the current and future national economic impacts of OAO globally. METHODS: We estimated economic impacts of OAO for 161 countries usi…
Economic impacts of overweight and obesity
BACKGROUND: Obesity is a growing public health challenge worldwide with significant health and economic impacts. However, much of what is known about the economic impacts of obesity comes from high-income countries and studies are not readily comparable due to methodological differences. Our objective is to demonstrate a method for estimating current and future national economic impacts of obesity and apply it across a sample of heterogeneous con…
Strengthening resistance to the Covid-19 pandemic and fostering future resilience requires concerted action on obesity
Initial observations showed that people with chronic noncommunicable diseases were at heightened risk of severe COVID-19 and adverse outcomes. Subsequently, data from various countries have revealed obesity as an independent and significant factor, with people who are overweight/have obesity significantly more likely to be hospitalized, require ICU treatment, and to die. Notably, this additional risk applies to younger people relative to the gene…
Why I eat at night
Obesity
This paper considers the argument for obesity as a chronic relapsing disease process. Obesity is viewed from an epidemiological model, with an agent affecting the host and producing disease. Food is the primary agent, particularly foods that are high in energy density such as fat, or in sugar‐sweetened beverages. An abundance of food, low physical activity and several other environmental factors interact with the genetic susceptibility of the hos…
A multidisciplinary clinic for severe obesity. Weight loss and functional outcomes
Underreporting in an outpatient weight management clinic
Effects of speed and accuracy instructions on performance in a visual search task by children with good or poor attention
Children rated by teachers as having good or poor attention ability carried out a visual search task in which they were required to find a series of targets in a complex display. Different groups were told to concentrate on either speed or accuracy. Previous studies using this task have consistently shown that children rated as having poor attention make more errors (false alarms to non‐targets in the display), but do not differ in the time to ma…
Life goals, approaches to study and performance in an undergraduate cohort
Background. Two main approaches to studying have been distinguished by several researchers, the deep approach and the surface approach. In addition, an achieving or strategic approach employs either deep or surface strategies, depending on the demands of the task.Aims. The present study investigated factors contributing to the choice of preferred study approach at university and relations between these factors and academic performance.Method. A q…
The nature of attentional differences between groups of children differentiated by teacher ratings of attention and hyperactivity
Two groups of children, one with good attention and low hyperactivity and the other with poor attention and high hyperactivity, were formed on the basis of teachers' ratings. The groups were tested on a large number of tests of attentional performance, covering selective attention, divided attention, sustained attention and executive function. Analysis of group differences, with verbal and non-verbal intelligence controlled statistically, indicat…
Earwitness testimony
Two experiments tested memory for a once-heard voice. Experiment 1 showed that hearing an unknown voice utter the same sentence three times improved recognition of the voice a week later compared with hearing only a single utterance of the sentence, but instructions to attend to the voice did not. The impairment caused by seeing the speaker's face during the original utterance (the Face Overshadowing Effect - FOE) occurred only with the single ut…
Memory champions
The seven contestants at the first World Memory Championships and three other subjects showing outstanding memory performance were administered a battery of memory tasks used in previous studies of superior memory performance. Evidence for both all‐round and more specific patterns of superior performance was found. The role of mnemonic techniques in relation to different types of task is discussed but evidence was also found for ‘natural’ superio…
Mnemonic wizardry with the telephone directory – But stories are another story
Results are reported from a study of a man (TM) who possesses exceptional memory abilities, which he demonstrates in a public performance. The same tests were given to him as have been used on a number of previous subjects with superior memory. He performed exceptionally well on recall of a word list, telephone numbers, names to faces and the spatial positions of pictures and on recognition of pictures of snow crystals, but was very poor at recal…
Relations Between Reading and Musical Abilities
S ummary . In two studies, groups of children with a wide range of reading ability and including a high proportion of poor readers were given Bentley's musical ability battery. Scores on tonal memory and chord analysis were related significantly to reading age with chronological age and IQ partialled out. The implications of these findings for views about component skills involved in reading and listening to music are discussed
One man's memory for prose, faces and names
Further studies are reported of a mnemonist, T.E., in which his memory for a story, faces and names for faces was studied. He scored at a high level on these tasks compared with control subjects, through the use of mnemonics, usually involving imagery. He scored highly on a test of imaginal thinking but not on verbal thinking
Noise, time of day and test expectations in recall and recognition
Eighty‐five compared with 65 dBC white noise presented at input was found to improve the free recall of subjects expecting a recall test and to impair that of subjects anticipating a recognition test, suggesting that noise enhances differences in strategies between recall and recognition test expectations. The results of a similar experiment examining the interaction between test expectations and time of presentation showed that test expectations…
One man's memory
This paper reports a systematic study of a man (T.E.) with astonishing mnemonic skills. After a brief description of his most favoured mnemonic technique, the ‘figure alphabet’, his performance and the mnemonic techniques used on five classical memory tasks are described. These are: one task involving both short‐ and long‐term memory (the Atkinson‐Shiffrin ‘keeping track’ task), two tasks involving just long‐term memory (recall of number matrices…
Preferred synonyms for each noun of 279 synonym pairs
Fifty subjects produced the noun they thought closest in meaning to each of 279 nouns. A further 50 subjects performed the same task for the synonyms used in a previous rating task for each of the 279 nouns. The preferred synonym, number of subjects giving it and the number giving the previously used synonym are provided. The ratings from the previous task were correlated with the number of subjects giving the previously used synonym. Though the …
Noise effects in free recall with different orienting tasks
Subjects were shown either a list of non-associated words or a list on which words could be organized into related groups. In Expt 1 either no orienting instructions were given or subjects had to rate the words for Pleasantness (semantic orienting task). The three-way interaction of noise x list type x orienting task was significant. Eighty-five dBC white noise compared with 65 dBC improved performance on the non-associated list with no orienting…
Ratings of the degree of synonymity of 279 noun pairs
Ratings were obtained from 100 subjects on a seven‐point scale of the degree of synonymity of 279 pairs of nouns, half the subjects rating the pairs presented in one order and half in the other. Alternative synonyms were also invited. Mean ratings ranged from 6.76 to 3.34. Forty‐six pairs were identical with those presented in a similar American study by Whitten et al. (1979). While the British ratings showed some differences from the American on…
Effects of subvocal suppression, articulating aloud and noise on sequence recall
Subjects were required to reproduce in order a sequence of five letters; the set of letters was known so only memory for sequence was tested. Experiment 1 showed that suppressing subvocal rehearsal by saying ‘the’ continuously during list presentation and until recall depressed performance to the same level on acoustically confusable and non‐confusable lists. Listening to 85 dBC white noise during list presentation improved performance on acousti…
Semantic interference from subliminal stimuli in a dichoptic viewing situation
In Expt 1 subjects named words, shapes or colours presented to one eye while words or shapes were presented to the other eye subliminally. The subliminal stimuli were found to slow naming responses when they had the same name as the stimulus to be named or a closely related name, compared with random letter strings or blank cards. This result was replicated in a second experiment which also included unrelated words as subliminal stimuli. On these…
Differential effects of noise and incentives on learning
Three experiments are reported. In the first, monetary incentives improved the learning of nonsense words in response to colours only when the test order was the same as presentation order. In the second, incentives increased the recall of spatial location which served as an additional retrieval cue for nonsense words. In the third, noise was used to manipulate arousal. Noise during learning produced a significant decline in recall of locations f…
Why I eat at night
The nature of attentional differences between groups of children differentiated by teacher ratings of attention and hyperactivity
Two groups of children, one with good attention and low hyperactivity and the other with poor attention and high hyperactivity, were formed on the basis of teachers' ratings. The groups were tested on a large number of tests of attentional performance, covering selective attention, divided attention, sustained attention and executive function. Analysis of group differences, with verbal and non-verbal intelligence controlled statistically, indicat…
Earwitness testimony
Two experiments tested memory for a once-heard voice. Experiment 1 showed that hearing an unknown voice utter the same sentence three times improved recognition of the voice a week later compared with hearing only a single utterance of the sentence, but instructions to attend to the voice did not. The impairment caused by seeing the speaker's face during the original utterance (the Face Overshadowing Effect - FOE) occurred only with the single ut…
Effects of speed and accuracy instructions on performance in a visual search task by children with good or poor attention
Children rated by teachers as having good or poor attention ability carried out a visual search task in which they were required to find a series of targets in a complex display. Different groups were told to concentrate on either speed or accuracy. Previous studies using this task have consistently shown that children rated as having poor attention make more errors (false alarms to non‐targets in the display), but do not differ in the time to ma…
Life goals, approaches to study and performance in an undergraduate cohort
Background. Two main approaches to studying have been distinguished by several researchers, the deep approach and the surface approach. In addition, an achieving or strategic approach employs either deep or surface strategies, depending on the demands of the task.Aims. The present study investigated factors contributing to the choice of preferred study approach at university and relations between these factors and academic performance.Method. A q…
One man's memory
This paper reports a systematic study of a man (T.E.) with astonishing mnemonic skills. After a brief description of his most favoured mnemonic technique, the ‘figure alphabet’, his performance and the mnemonic techniques used on five classical memory tasks are described. These are: one task involving both short‐ and long‐term memory (the Atkinson‐Shiffrin ‘keeping track’ task), two tasks involving just long‐term memory (recall of number matrices…
Preferred synonyms for each noun of 279 synonym pairs
Fifty subjects produced the noun they thought closest in meaning to each of 279 nouns. A further 50 subjects performed the same task for the synonyms used in a previous rating task for each of the 279 nouns. The preferred synonym, number of subjects giving it and the number giving the previously used synonym are provided. The ratings from the previous task were correlated with the number of subjects giving the previously used synonym. Though the …
Noise effects in free recall with different orienting tasks
Subjects were shown either a list of non-associated words or a list on which words could be organized into related groups. In Expt 1 either no orienting instructions were given or subjects had to rate the words for Pleasantness (semantic orienting task). The three-way interaction of noise x list type x orienting task was significant. Eighty-five dBC white noise compared with 65 dBC improved performance on the non-associated list with no orienting…
Effects of subvocal suppression, articulating aloud and noise on sequence recall
Subjects were required to reproduce in order a sequence of five letters; the set of letters was known so only memory for sequence was tested. Experiment 1 showed that suppressing subvocal rehearsal by saying ‘the’ continuously during list presentation and until recall depressed performance to the same level on acoustically confusable and non‐confusable lists. Listening to 85 dBC white noise during list presentation improved performance on acousti…
Semantic interference from subliminal stimuli in a dichoptic viewing situation
In Expt 1 subjects named words, shapes or colours presented to one eye while words or shapes were presented to the other eye subliminally. The subliminal stimuli were found to slow naming responses when they had the same name as the stimulus to be named or a closely related name, compared with random letter strings or blank cards. This result was replicated in a second experiment which also included unrelated words as subliminal stimuli. On these…
Differential effects of noise and incentives on learning
Three experiments are reported. In the first, monetary incentives improved the learning of nonsense words in response to colours only when the test order was the same as presentation order. In the second, incentives increased the recall of spatial location which served as an additional retrieval cue for nonsense words. In the third, noise was used to manipulate arousal. Noise during learning produced a significant decline in recall of locations f…
Effects of subvocal suppression, articulating aloud and noise on sequence recall
Subjects were required to reproduce in order a sequence of five letters; the set of letters was known so only memory for sequence was tested. Experiment 1 showed that suppressing subvocal rehearsal by saying ‘the’ continuously during list presentation and until recall depressed performance to the same level on acoustically confusable and non‐confusable lists. Listening to 85 dBC white noise during list presentation improved performance on acousti…
Ratings of the degree of synonymity of 279 noun pairs
Ratings were obtained from 100 subjects on a seven‐point scale of the degree of synonymity of 279 pairs of nouns, half the subjects rating the pairs presented in one order and half in the other. Alternative synonyms were also invited. Mean ratings ranged from 6.76 to 3.34. Forty‐six pairs were identical with those presented in a similar American study by Whitten et al. (1979). While the British ratings showed some differences from the American on…
Noise effects in free recall with different orienting tasks
Subjects were shown either a list of non-associated words or a list on which words could be organized into related groups. In Expt 1 either no orienting instructions were given or subjects had to rate the words for Pleasantness (semantic orienting task). The three-way interaction of noise x list type x orienting task was significant. Eighty-five dBC white noise compared with 65 dBC improved performance on the non-associated list with no orienting…
Preferred synonyms for each noun of 279 synonym pairs
Fifty subjects produced the noun they thought closest in meaning to each of 279 nouns. A further 50 subjects performed the same task for the synonyms used in a previous rating task for each of the 279 nouns. The preferred synonym, number of subjects giving it and the number giving the previously used synonym are provided. The ratings from the previous task were correlated with the number of subjects giving the previously used synonym. Though the …
Noise, time of day and test expectations in recall and recognition
Eighty‐five compared with 65 dBC white noise presented at input was found to improve the free recall of subjects expecting a recall test and to impair that of subjects anticipating a recognition test, suggesting that noise enhances differences in strategies between recall and recognition test expectations. The results of a similar experiment examining the interaction between test expectations and time of presentation showed that test expectations…
One man's memory
This paper reports a systematic study of a man (T.E.) with astonishing mnemonic skills. After a brief description of his most favoured mnemonic technique, the ‘figure alphabet’, his performance and the mnemonic techniques used on five classical memory tasks are described. These are: one task involving both short‐ and long‐term memory (the Atkinson‐Shiffrin ‘keeping track’ task), two tasks involving just long‐term memory (recall of number matrices…
One man's memory for prose, faces and names
Further studies are reported of a mnemonist, T.E., in which his memory for a story, faces and names for faces was studied. He scored at a high level on these tasks compared with control subjects, through the use of mnemonics, usually involving imagery. He scored highly on a test of imaginal thinking but not on verbal thinking
Relations Between Reading and Musical Abilities
S ummary . In two studies, groups of children with a wide range of reading ability and including a high proportion of poor readers were given Bentley's musical ability battery. Scores on tonal memory and chord analysis were related significantly to reading age with chronological age and IQ partialled out. The implications of these findings for views about component skills involved in reading and listening to music are discussed
Memory champions
The seven contestants at the first World Memory Championships and three other subjects showing outstanding memory performance were administered a battery of memory tasks used in previous studies of superior memory performance. Evidence for both all‐round and more specific patterns of superior performance was found. The role of mnemonic techniques in relation to different types of task is discussed but evidence was also found for ‘natural’ superio…
Mnemonic wizardry with the telephone directory – But stories are another story
Results are reported from a study of a man (TM) who possesses exceptional memory abilities, which he demonstrates in a public performance. The same tests were given to him as have been used on a number of previous subjects with superior memory. He performed exceptionally well on recall of a word list, telephone numbers, names to faces and the spatial positions of pictures and on recognition of pictures of snow crystals, but was very poor at recal…
The nature of attentional differences between groups of children differentiated by teacher ratings of attention and hyperactivity
Two groups of children, one with good attention and low hyperactivity and the other with poor attention and high hyperactivity, were formed on the basis of teachers' ratings. The groups were tested on a large number of tests of attentional performance, covering selective attention, divided attention, sustained attention and executive function. Analysis of group differences, with verbal and non-verbal intelligence controlled statistically, indicat…
Earwitness testimony
Two experiments tested memory for a once-heard voice. Experiment 1 showed that hearing an unknown voice utter the same sentence three times improved recognition of the voice a week later compared with hearing only a single utterance of the sentence, but instructions to attend to the voice did not. The impairment caused by seeing the speaker's face during the original utterance (the Face Overshadowing Effect - FOE) occurred only with the single ut…
Life goals, approaches to study and performance in an undergraduate cohort
Background. Two main approaches to studying have been distinguished by several researchers, the deep approach and the surface approach. In addition, an achieving or strategic approach employs either deep or surface strategies, depending on the demands of the task.Aims. The present study investigated factors contributing to the choice of preferred study approach at university and relations between these factors and academic performance.Method. A q…
Effects of speed and accuracy instructions on performance in a visual search task by children with good or poor attention
Children rated by teachers as having good or poor attention ability carried out a visual search task in which they were required to find a series of targets in a complex display. Different groups were told to concentrate on either speed or accuracy. Previous studies using this task have consistently shown that children rated as having poor attention make more errors (false alarms to non‐targets in the display), but do not differ in the time to ma…
A multidisciplinary clinic for severe obesity. Weight loss and functional outcomes
Underreporting in an outpatient weight management clinic
Obesity
This paper considers the argument for obesity as a chronic relapsing disease process. Obesity is viewed from an epidemiological model, with an agent affecting the host and producing disease. Food is the primary agent, particularly foods that are high in energy density such as fat, or in sugar‐sweetened beverages. An abundance of food, low physical activity and several other environmental factors interact with the genetic susceptibility of the hos…
Why I eat at night
Strengthening resistance to the Covid-19 pandemic and fostering future resilience requires concerted action on obesity
Initial observations showed that people with chronic noncommunicable diseases were at heightened risk of severe COVID-19 and adverse outcomes. Subsequently, data from various countries have revealed obesity as an independent and significant factor, with people who are overweight/have obesity significantly more likely to be hospitalized, require ICU treatment, and to die. Notably, this additional risk applies to younger people relative to the gene…
Economic impacts of overweight and obesity
BACKGROUND: Obesity is a growing public health challenge worldwide with significant health and economic impacts. However, much of what is known about the economic impacts of obesity comes from high-income countries and studies are not readily comparable due to methodological differences. Our objective is to demonstrate a method for estimating current and future national economic impacts of obesity and apply it across a sample of heterogeneous con…
Economic impacts of overweight and obesity
INTRODUCTION: The scope of the challenge of overweight and obesity (OAO) has not been fully realised globally, in part because much of what is known about the economic impacts of OAO come from high-income countries (HICs) and are not readily comparable due to methodological differences. Our objective is to estimate the current and future national economic impacts of OAO globally. METHODS: We estimated economic impacts of OAO for 161 countries usi…
Psychology (20 obras) · Cognitive psychology (13 obras) · Medicine (9 obras) · Artificial Intelligence (7 obras) · Artificial Intelligence (7 obras) · Cognition (7 obras) · Task (project management) (7 obras) · Developmental psychology (6 obras) · Linguistics (6 obras) · Neuroscience (6 obras)