Esnat Chirwa

Dados Biográficos

ID276635
NOMEEsnat Chirwa
PRENOMESEsnat
SOBRENOMEChirwa
ASSINATURACHIRWA E
AFILIAÇÕESSouth African Medical Research Council
ORCID0000-0003-0471-4978
VERIFICADOSim
TOTAL DE OBRAS39
TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES1
TOTAL COMO AUTOR39
TOTAL COMO EDITOR0
PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO2013
ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO2026
ÍNDICE H1

  • What works to prevent violence against women from 2000-2024

    Open AccessRachel Jewkes, Leane Ramsoomar et al.ARTICLESSM - Mental Health2026

  • Adapting the emotional dysregulation questionnaire for South Africa

    Open AccessRachel Jewkes, Esnat Chirwa et al.ARTICLESSM - Mental Health2026

    Purpose: Emotional dysregulation is an important aspect of psychopathology, especially borderline personality disorder, and is prevalent in populations exposed to multiple traumas, like South Africa. We describe adaptation of the emotional dysregulation questionnaire (EDQ) for South Africa and its psychometric performance. Methods: We enrolled 58 ethnically-diverse women, who had experienced severe intimate partner violence, in eight group discus…

  • Attempted Femicide

    Open AccessRachel Jewkes, Shibe Mhlongo et al.ARTICLEJournal of Family Violence2026

    Purpose Women often do not recognize when they experience attempted femicide, so another way of measuring it is needed for research. We examined narrative accounts of femicide attempts, and analysed data to determine whether we could systematically expand the definition of attempted femicide, for the purposes of research. Methods We recruited a non-probability sample of 3742 women into the Fedisa ModikologoStudy. They were 18–45 years and had exp…

  • Impact of witnessing abuse of their mother and childhood trauma on men's perpetration of intimate partner violence in the cross-sectional UN multi-country study on men and violence in Asia and the Pac…

    Open AccessRachel Jewkes, Ruchira T Naved et al.ARTICLESSM - Mental Health2025

    Trauma exposure and witnessing intimate partner violence (IPV) in childhood are recognised risk factors for IPV. Using the UN Multi-country Study on Men and Violence in Asia and the Pacific dataset, we describe the pathways through which they influence adult IPV perpetration. In nine sites, from six countries, data were collected in a two-stage, randomly-selected household survey, with one man aged 18–49 years interviewed per house. 8379 intervie…

  • Stepping Stones and Creating Futures Plus

    Open AccessA Gibbs, Leon Washington et al.ARTICLEPLOS Global Public Health2025

    Marginalised young women and men in South Africa experience and perpetrate high rates of intimate partner violence (IPV), shaped by their contexts and life histories. To address this, we co-developed Stepping Stones and Creating Futures Plus (SSCF+) with young women and men living in marginalised communities to reduce IPV, strengthen livelihoods and improve mental health. We assessed the intervention’s feasibility, acceptability and potential imp…

  • Two decades of tracking femicide in South Africa

    Open AccessNaeema Abrahams, Esnat Chirwa et al.ARTICLEGlobal Public Health2025

    The absence of reliable administrative data from many countries means that there is little global surveillance of femicide. We conducted femicide surveillance with four dedicated national retrospective mortuary-based surveys to understand its magnitude among women 14 years and older in South Africa from 1999 to 2020/21, including the first year of COVID-19. The surveys included data from police on the investigation to ascertain who perpetrated th…

  • Exposure To Family Violence and Low Parental Connectedness Associated with Depressive Symptoms, Substance Use and Violence Outcomes Among Adolescents In South Africa

    Open AccessMercilene Machisa, Rachel Jewkes et al.ARTICLEJournal of Family Violence2025Referências: 2

    Purpose Limited research has explored the impacts of family violence on early adolescent mental health and behaviour, in low- and middle-income countries. We examined the associations between family violence, adolescent mental health, and violent behaviours to identify potential pathways for disrupting the intergenerational cycle of violence, thereby addressing key evidence gaps in this area. Methods Data was collected among 3756 learners, ages 1…

  • Sexual and non-sexual femicide in South Africa

    Open AccessNaeema Abrahams, Shibe Mhlongo et al.ARTICLEInternational Sociology2024Referências: 20

    Sexual femicide, an abhorrent crime, is not well described and reported. The aim of the study was to describe sexual and non-sexual femicide in South Africa and compare the 2009 with the 2017 study presenting sociodemographic characteristics of victims, perpetrators, crime and forensic findings. The same retrospective study design using proportionate random sample of medico-legal laboratories were used. Sexual femicide was identified from autopsy…

  • Adaptation and pre-test of a shortened Stepping Stones and Creating Futures intervention focused on HIV for young men in rural South Africa

    Open AccessA Gibbs, Dumile Gumede et al.ARTICLEPLOS Global Public Health2023

    Men’s engagement in HIV prevention and treatment is suboptimal, including in South Africa. We sought to address this through adapting an evidence-based intervention, Stepping Stones and Creating Futures (SSCF), to strengthen its HIV content and provide a more scalable (shorter) intervention in rural South Africa. We then conducted a mixed methods pre-test of the intervention among young men aged 18–35 years. To adapt SSCF, we reviewed the current…

  • Pooled analysis of the association between food insecurity and violence against women

    Open AccessRachel Jewkes, Esnat Chirwa et al.ARTICLEJournal of Global Health2023

    Background: Intimate partner violence impacts relationships across the socioeconomic spectrum, nonetheless its prevalence is reported to be highest in areas that are most socio-economically deprived. Poverty has direct and indirect impacts on intimate partner violence (IPV) risk, however, one of the postulated pathways is through food insecurity. The aim of this paper is to describe the association between food insecurity (household hunger) and w…

  • Ntombi Vimbela! Sexual violence risk reduction intervention

    Open AccessMercilene Machisa, Mercilene Tanyaradzwa Machisa et al.ARTICLEBMC Public Health2023

    ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04607564 on 29/10/2020

  • Dietary diversity, food insecurity and the double burden of malnutrition among children, adolescents and adults in South Africa

    Open AccessAbigail Harper, Jane Goudge et al.ARTICLEFrontiers in Public Health2022

    Childhood stunting remains a global public health problem. Many stunted children live in the same household as overweight or obese adults (the so-called double burden of malnutrition), evidence that quality as well as quantity of food is important. In recent years, food security measurement has shifted away from anthropometry (e.g., stunting) to experiential measures (e.g., self-reported hunger). However, given the continued problem of stunting, …

  • Quantitative evaluation of Zindagii Shoista (Living with Dignity) intervention to prevent violence against women in Tajikistan

    Open AccessSubhiya Mastonshoeva, Shahribonu Shonasimova et al.ARTICLEGlobal Health Action2022

    BACKGROUND: Violence against women and girls (VAWG) is a major problem in Tajikistan, driven by conservative gender norms, the culturally ascribed position of young women, and poverty. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated Zindagii Shoista (Living with Dignity), an intervention developed with the aim of reducing VAWG through a combination of gender norm change, communication skills, and income-generating activities (IGA) over a period of 30 months. METHODS: Th…

  • Suicidal Thoughts, Depression, Post-Traumatic Stress, and Harmful Alcohol Use Associated with Intimate Partner Violence and Rape Exposures among Female Students in South Africa

    Open AccessMercilene Machisa, Esnat Chirwa et al.ARTICLEInternational Journal of…2022

    While ample evidence from high-income country settings indicates the prevalence and risk factors for multiple mental ill-health symptoms in student populations, evidence from low- and middle-income higher education settings remains limited. We determined the frequency, associations, and structural pathways between mental health outcomes and possible risk factors among a sample of 1292 predominantly Black African and female students ages 18-30 yea…

  • The Associations of Intimate Partner Violence and Non-Partner Sexual Violence with Hypertension in South African Women

    Open AccessKim Nguyễn, Kim A Nguyen et al.ARTICLEInternational Journal of…2022

    This study describes associations of intimate partner violence (IPV), non-partner sexual violence (NPSV) and sexual harassment (SH) exposures with hypertension in South African women aged 18-40 years. Baseline data ( n = 1742) from the Rape Impact Cohort Evaluation study, including a history of sexual, physical, emotional and economic IPV, NPSV and SH were examined. Hypertension was based on blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg or a previous diagnosis. Lo…

  • Household Food Insecurity and Demographic Factors, Low Birth Weight and Stunting in Early Childhood

    Open AccessAbigail Harper, Alan Rothberg et al.ARTICLEMaternal and Child Health Journal2022

    Interventions that can improve household food security and nutritional status during the periconceptional and antenatal period may reduce the prevalence of low birthweight and subsequent stunting in low- and middle-income countries

  • Peer victimization and experiences of violence at school and at home among school age children with disabilities in Pakistan and Afghanistan

    Open AccessRozina Somani, Julienne Corboz et al.ARTICLEGlobal Health Action2021

    Background: Children with disabilities are more likely to experience violence or injury at school and at home, but there is little evidence from Central Asia.Objective: To describe the prevalence of disability and associations with peer violence perpetration and victimization, depression, corporal punishment, school performance and school attendance, among middle school children in Pakistan and Afghanistan.Method: This is a secondary analysis of …

  • Afghan Women’s Use of Violence against Their Children and Associations with IPV, Adverse Childhood Experiences and Poverty

    Open AccessJane Ndungu, Rachel Jewkes et al.ARTICLEInternational Journal of…2021

    Children who experience violence from a parent are more likely to experience and perpetrate intimate partner violence (IPV) later in life. Drawing on cross-sectional data among married women enrolled in the baseline of a randomized control trial in Afghanistan, we assess risk factors for women's use of violence against their children, focused on women's own adverse childhood experiences and experiences of IPV, poverty, poor mental health and gend…

  • Stepping Stones and Creating Futures Intervention to Prevent Intimate Partner Violence Among Young People

    Open AccessA Gibbs, Leon Washington et al.ARTICLEJournal of Adolescent Health2020

    PURPOSE: Young people, not in formal employment or education, face exceedingly high levels of intimate partner violence (IPV). We evaluated whether Stepping Stones and Creating Futures, compared with a wait-list control, can reduce IPV and strengthen livelihoods. METHODS: A cluster randomized controlled trial with 34 clusters in urban informal settlements in eThekwini Municipality, South Africa. Participant inclusion criteria were aged 18-30 year…

  • Which men change in intimate partner violence prevention interventions? A trajectory analysis in Rwanda and South Africa

    Open AccessA Gibbs, Kristin Dunkle et al.ARTICLEBMJ Global Health2020

    INTRODUCTION: Emerging evidence suggests working with men to prevent intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration can be effective. However, it is unknown whether all men benefit equally, or whether different groups of men respond differentially to interventions. METHODS: We conducted trajectory modelling using longitudinal data from men enrolled in intervention arms of three IPV trials in South Africa and Rwanda to identify trajectories of IPV p…

  • Intimate partner violence among women with and without disabilities

    Open AccessEsnat Chirwa, Rachel Jewkes et al.ARTICLEBMJ Global Health2020

    INTRODUCTION: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health and human rights violation which impacts approximately one in three women worldwide. Some existing evidence suggests that women with disabilities are at higher risk of IPV, but is largely limited in geographical scope to the Global North, and comparison across settings has been hampered by inconsistent measurement of both IPV and disability. METHODS: Pooled analysis of basel…

  • The impacts of combined social and economic empowerment training on intimate partner violence, depression, gender norms and livelihoods among women

    Open AccessA Gibbs, Julienne Corboz et al.ARTICLEBMJ Global Health2020

    Introduction: We assessed whether the Women for Women International (WfWI) economic and social empowerment programme could reduce women's experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) and depression in Afghanistan. Methods: We conducted a two-arm individually randomised controlled trial in six urban and peri-urban communities. Communities were selected by WfWI for being conflict affected and showing signs of economic vulnerability (eg, little or…

  • How do programmes to prevent intimate partner violence among the general population impact women with disabilities? Post-hoc analysis of three randomised controlled trials

    Open AccessKristin Dunkle, A Gibbs et al.ARTICLEBMJ Global Health2020

    INTRODUCTION: Women with disabilities experience higher rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) than women without disabilities. There remains limited evidence about whether IPV prevention interventions for the general population have benefits for women with disabilities that compare to those for women without disabilities. Using data from IPV prevention randomised controlled trials in diverse locations (Rwanda, South Africa and Afghanistan), we…

  • Right To Play’s intervention to reduce peer violence among children in public schools in Pakistan

    Open AccessRozina Karmaliani, Judith Mcfarlane et al.ARTICLEGlobal Health Action2020

    BACKGROUND: Peer violence is common globally, but a little researched topic in low-and middle-income countries. This study presents the evaluation of a two-year randomized controlled trial of a structured play-based life-skills intervention implemented in schools in Hyderabad, Pakistan. OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of the intervention on school-based peer violence (victimization and perpetration) and depression among school children. METHOD…

  • Evaluation of the rural response system intervention to prevent violence against women

    Open AccessDeda Ogum, Adolphina Addo–Lartey et al.ARTICLEGlobal Health Action2020

    Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) affects one in three women globally and undermines women’s human rights, social and economic development, and health, hence the need for integrated interventions involving communities in its prevention.Objective: This community-randomised controlled trial evaluated the Rural Response System (RRS) intervention, which uses Community Based Action Teams to prevent IPV by raising awareness and supporting sur…