M B Mulder
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 2767 |
|---|---|
| NOME | M B Mulder |
| PRENOMES | M B |
| SOBRENOME | Mulder |
| ASSINATURA | MULDER M B |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of California, Davis |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1117-5984 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 65 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 749 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 65 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1985 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 17 |
A smart challenge but ultimately mistimed and misleading
Adaptive responses to inter-group competition over natural resources
Policies create externalities. In conservation, one of the most common types of externalities is leakage, where damages are exported beyond a policy's jurisdictional boundaries. Although much research has measured leakage, little addresses its impact on the lives of people suffering from damages from leakage. This paper develops a comprehensive modeling framework to formalize the dynamics by which individuals and communities exposed to leakage ad…
Governance characteristics and feelings of safety are associated with attitudinal success in community‐based natural resource management & conservation organizations in northern Kenya
For Community‐based Conservation (CBC) projects to be effective in the long‐term, they need to receive the support of the communities involved. Assessing whether CBC governance systems are working effectively is challenging, and it is important to evaluate both the characteristics of these governance systems, and the perceptions of community members. It is also important to understand how factors other than the governance features of individual C…
The cultural evolution of collective property rights for sustainable resource governance
With commons encompassing approximately 65% of Earth’s surface and vast tracts of the ocean, a critical challenge for sustainability involves establishing effective institutions for governing these common-pool resources (CPR). While examples of successful governance exist, the circumstances and mechanisms behind their development have often faded from historical records and memories. Drawing on ethnographic work, we introduce a generic evolutiona…
The value of failure
Conservation projects have a lifecycle; they are born, they grow, and they can die. However, researchers know little about how the legacy of a project that failed to deliver upon its promised goals affects former participants' willingness to participate in future conservation programming. We utilize a natural experiment—an expiration of a Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Land Degradation (REDD+) readiness project that failed to yield paym…
Friends near and afar, through thick and thin
How community forest management performs when Redd+ payments fail
The reduced emissions in deforestation and degradation (REDD+) initiative uses payments for ecosystem services as incentives for developing countries to manage and protect their forests. REDD+ initiatives also prioritize social (and environmental) co-benefits aimed at improving the livelihoods of communities that are dependent on forests. Despite the incorporation of co-benefits into REDD+ goals, carbon sequestration remains the primary metric fo…
What People Say and How People Play
Does resource extraction during experimental economic games reflect resource use and behavior in other contexts? This question about external validity is central to determining the inferences that can be drawn from experimental evidence to broader sets of circumstances. Building on previous studies of external validity, which often raise concerns about the generalizability of experimental economic games to other contexts, we instead highlight par…
Forest income and livelihoods on Pemba
Rates of ecological knowledge learning in Pemba, Tanzania
Humans live in diverse, complex niches where survival and reproduction are conditional on the acquisition of knowledge. Humans also have long childhoods, spending more than a decade before they become net producers. Whether the time needed to learn has been a selective force in the evolution of long human childhood is unclear, because there is little comparative data on the growth of ecological knowledge throughout childhood. We measured ecologic…
Reproductive Decisions
This chapter examines some of the principles that guide reproductive decision-making. It explores how evolutionary ecology can frame analyses of some of the diverse reproductive decisions, by focusing on these and other concepts derived from animal studies. Animal studies make it clear that variability in mating systems is the outcome of adaptive adjustments of males and females to the specifics of their social and ecological environments, as wel…
Father absence but not fosterage predicts food insecurity, relative poverty, and poor child health in northern Tanzania
OBJECTIVES: The importance of fathers in ensuring child health in rural developing populations is questioned by anthropologists and population health scientists. Existing literature focuses on paternal death and child mortality. A relative lack of studies consider alternative forms of father absence and/or more subtle health outcomes. Here we determine the frequency and form of father absence in northern Tanzania, and its relationship to househol…
Cultural group selection and the design of Redd
Evolutionary analyses of the ways humans manage natural resources have until recently focused on the costs and benefits of prudent resource use to the individual. In contrast, the fields of environmental resource management and sustainability focus on institutions whereby successful practices can be established and maintained, and the extent to which these fit specific environmental conditions. Furthermore, recent theoretical work explores how re…
Applying cultural evolution to sustainability challenges
Launching the Cultural Evolutionary Society
Evidence for quantity–quality trade-offs, sex-specific parental investment, and variance compensation in colonized Agta foragers undergoing demographic transition
The Origins and Maintenance of Female Genital Modification across Africa
Sending children to school
Evolutionary and economic models of the demographic transition argue that economic development incentivizes low-fertility, high-investment parental strategies, and that such strategies emerge first in relatively wealthy families within populations undergoing 'modernization'. However, most research focuses on fertility reduction rather than shifting parental investment, and few studies consider how parental decisions regarding educational investme…
Who Helps and Why
Studies that examine how helping behavior varies among individuals shed light on both the extent and the variation of human cooperative tendencies and the potential fragility of genealogical kinship in structuring prosociality. Here we explore the importance of both reciprocal altruism and kin selection in structuring cooperation in a contemporary African village context (Mpimbwe, Tanzania), where ethnographic observations suggest that traditiona…
How national context, project design, and local community characteristics influence success in community-based conservation projects
Community-based conservation (CBC) promotes the idea that conservation success requires engaging with, and providing benefits for, local communities. However, CBC projects are neither consistently successful nor free of controversy. Innovative recent studies evaluating the factors associated with success and failure typically examine only a single resource domain, have limited geographic scope, consider only one outcome, or ignore the nested natu…
Cultural Macroevolution on Neighbor Graphs
Wealth Inequality in Foraging, Horticultural, Pastoral, and Agricultural Populations
The Emergence and Persistence of Inequality in Premodern Societies
In this special section we propose an interpretation of the emergence and persistence of wealth inequality in premodern populations along with ethnographic and quantitative evidence exploring this hypothesis. The long-term trajectory of inequality in premodern societies, we suggest, is based on the differing importance of three classes of wealth-material, embodied, and relational-together with differences in the transmission of these types of wea…
Production Systems, Inheritance, and Inequality in Premodern Societies
Premodern human societies differ greatly in socioeconomic inequality. Despite much useful theorizing on the causes of these differences, individual-level quantitative data on wealth inequality is lacking. The papers in this special section provide the first comparable estimates of intergenerational wealth transmission and inequality in premodern societies, with data on more than 40 measures of embodied, material, and relational wealth from 21 pre…
Intergenerational Wealth Transmission among Agriculturalists
This paper uses data from eight past and present societies practicing intensive agriculture to measure the transmission of wealth across generations in preindustrial agricultural societies. Focusing on embodied, material, and relational forms of wealth, we compare levels of wealth between parents and children to estimate how effectively wealth is transmitted from one generation to the next and how inequality in one generation impacts inequality i…
The Emergence and Persistence of Inequality in Premodern Societies
In this special section we propose an interpretation of the emergence and persistence of wealth inequality in premodern populations along with ethnographic and quantitative evidence exploring this hypothesis. The long-term trajectory of inequality in premodern societies, we suggest, is based on the differing importance of three classes of wealth-material, embodied, and relational-together with differences in the transmission of these types of wea…
Wealth Transmission and Inequality among Hunter-Gatherers
We report quantitative estimates of intergenerational transmission and population-wide inequality for wealth measures in a set of hunter-gatherer populations. Wealth is defined broadly as factors that contribute to individual or household well-being, ranging from embodied forms such as weight and hunting success to material forms such household goods, as well as relational wealth in exchange partners. Intergenerational wealth transmission is low …
Are East African Pastoralists Truly Conservationists
Controversy exists among anthropologists, conservation biologists, and development workers as to whether the concept of the "ecologically noble savage" is a myth. Central to this debate are the problem of how to identify conservationist behavior and the issue of whether sound management of common property is likely to evolve. While social scientists have documented instances of restraint in the use of resources, those who adopt an evolutionary pe…
Pastoralism and Wealth Inequality
Pastoralist societies are often portrayed as economically egalitarian, reflecting the volatile nature of livestock herds and the existence of multiple institutions that allow for the redistribution of wealth as a form of insurance. Motivated by an interest in the role of intergenerational transmission in structuring persistent inequality, we examine the extent of intergenerational transmission of material wealth (four measures) and embodied wealt…
On Cultural and Reproductive Success
Studies testing the evolutionary biological prediction that striving for cultural goals is a proximate means of attaining high reproductive success are reviewed, and some of their problems are examined. Recent data from the Kipsigis of Kenya provide robust demonstration that wealth enhances a man's reproductive success. The evolutionary significance of correlations between cultural and reproductive success, and the additional problem of interpret…
Intergenerational Wealth Transmission among Agriculturalists
This paper uses data from eight past and present societies practicing intensive agriculture to measure the transmission of wealth across generations in preindustrial agricultural societies. Focusing on embodied, material, and relational forms of wealth, we compare levels of wealth between parents and children to estimate how effectively wealth is transmitted from one generation to the next and how inequality in one generation impacts inequality i…
Production Systems, Inheritance, and Inequality in Premodern Societies
Premodern human societies differ greatly in socioeconomic inequality. Despite much useful theorizing on the causes of these differences, individual-level quantitative data on wealth inequality is lacking. The papers in this special section provide the first comparable estimates of intergenerational wealth transmission and inequality in premodern societies, with data on more than 40 measures of embodied, material, and relational wealth from 21 pre…
Hamilton's rule and kin competition
The Use of Quantitative Observational Techniques in Anthropology [and Comments and Replies]
The measurement of human activity is discussed in relation to anthropological methods and to observational techniques borrowed from the field of animal behavior. When observational techniques are used, a number of sources of bias emerge: choice of subjects, time of day, seasonal, demographic, and spatial effects, and the presence of the observer. Such biases can be circumvented. Use of a system of recording that describes both physical and purpos…
Domestication Alone Does Not Lead to Inequality
We present empirical measures of wealth inequality and its intergenerational transmission among four horticulturalist populations. Wealth is construed broadly as embodied somatic and neural capital, including body size, fertility and cultural knowledge, material capital such as land and household wealth, and relational capital in the form of coalitional support and field labor. Wealth inequality is moderate for most forms of wealth, and intergene…
Who Helps and Why
Studies that examine how helping behavior varies among individuals shed light on both the extent and the variation of human cooperative tendencies and the potential fragility of genealogical kinship in structuring prosociality. Here we explore the importance of both reciprocal altruism and kin selection in structuring cooperation in a contemporary African village context (Mpimbwe, Tanzania), where ethnographic observations suggest that traditiona…
Brothers and sisters
Bridewealth and Its Correlates
A Study of East African Kinship and Marriage Using a Phylogenetically Based Comparative Method
This article has two related aims: to evaluate some of the principal (and often untested) hypotheses for sociocultural variation in family organization among East African societies and to offer insights into both the strengths and weaknesses of the phylogenetic method for comparative anthropological studies at regional levels. We start with the expectation that the relatively fine scale variation in traits observed at the regional level is a resu…
Inuit Sex-Ratio Variation
Factors Affecting Infant Care in the Kipsigis
This study has two objectives: (1) to establish measures of infant care among the Kipsigis that bear specific relation to the infant's chances of survival and healthy development; (2) to determine the effects of the individual caregiver (mother or caretaker), the marital status of the mother, the size of the residential unit, and the number of available caretakers on the quality of care experienced by a Kipsigis infant. Examination of variations …
Marital Status and Reproductive Performance in Kipsigis Women
The effects of marital status on fertility and offspring survivorship are examined with data on six marriage cohorts of Kipsigis women, agro-pastoralists of south western Kenya. Neither marriage order, nor the average number of co-wives married to a man during a woman's reproductive years, is associated with completed family size, nor with any of the components of reproductive performance. The mechanisms whereby polygyny might potentially lower t…
Applying cultural evolution to sustainability challenges
Sexual conflict in humans
Growing interest in sexual conflict since the late 1980s reflects several developments within behavioral ecology. These include recognition of females as active participants in co-evolutionary interactions,1-3 demonstrations of high levels of extrapaternity in many “monogamous” species,4 remarkable evidence of life-threatening toxic compounds in the sperm of fruit flies,5 and experimental studies revealing deleterious consequences of arms races f…
Sending children to school
Evolutionary and economic models of the demographic transition argue that economic development incentivizes low-fertility, high-investment parental strategies, and that such strategies emerge first in relatively wealthy families within populations undergoing 'modernization'. However, most research focuses on fertility reduction rather than shifting parental investment, and few studies consider how parental decisions regarding educational investme…
On Pastoralism and Inequality
Adaptation and Evolutionary Approaches to Anthropology
The Origins and Maintenance of Female Genital Modification across Africa
Cultural Macroevolution on Neighbor Graphs
A Cross-Cultural Investigation of the Role of Foot Size in Physical Attractiveness
Disparate cultural practices suggest that small foot size may contribute to female attractiveness. Two hypotheses potentially explain such a pattern. Sexual dimorphism in foot size may lead observers to view small feet as feminine and large feet as masculine. Alternately, because small female feet index both youth and nulliparity, evolution may have favored a male preference for this attribute in order to maximize returns on male reproductive inv…
The Use of Quantitative Observational Techniques in Anthropology [and Comments and Replies]
The measurement of human activity is discussed in relation to anthropological methods and to observational techniques borrowed from the field of animal behavior. When observational techniques are used, a number of sources of bias emerge: choice of subjects, time of day, seasonal, demographic, and spatial effects, and the presence of the observer. Such biases can be circumvented. Use of a system of recording that describes both physical and purpos…
Factors Affecting Infant Care in the Kipsigis
This study has two objectives: (1) to establish measures of infant care among the Kipsigis that bear specific relation to the infant's chances of survival and healthy development; (2) to determine the effects of the individual caregiver (mother or caretaker), the marital status of the mother, the size of the residential unit, and the number of available caretakers on the quality of care experienced by a Kipsigis infant. Examination of variations …
Progress in Human Sociobiology
Let us be clear from the start that the term 'human sociobiology' is merely a fashionable label for the use of evolutionary biological theory in the study of human social behaviour. It is often mistakenly equated with the more explicitly genetically based model of kin selection (see below), whereas the proper role of human sociobiology is to examine a much wider issue: how the diversity of human societies reflects the adaptation of individuals to…
Adaptation and Evolutionary Approaches to Anthropology
On Cultural and Reproductive Success
Studies testing the evolutionary biological prediction that striving for cultural goals is a proximate means of attaining high reproductive success are reviewed, and some of their problems are examined. Recent data from the Kipsigis of Kenya provide robust demonstration that wealth enhances a man's reproductive success. The evolutionary significance of correlations between cultural and reproductive success, and the additional problem of interpret…
Rethinking Polygyny
Human Reproductive Behaviour
Human mating and parenting behaviors are examined from a Darwinian perspective in this collection of 20 papers by anthropologists biologists and psychologists. The emphasis is on studies using quantitative data. The first part includes 9 studies on mating and marriage patterns in different societies. The second part has 10 studies on parenting and reproduction and the factors affecting them. There is no specific geographic or time period focus. A…
Menarche, menopause and reproduction in the Kipsigis of Kenya
Among the Kipsigis, a population of south-western Kenya who do not use contraception, age at menarche and age at last live birth could be determined for a cohort of post-menopausal women, through reference to clitoridectomy ceremonies that can easily be dated. While a woman's age at last live birth was strongly associated with the length of her reproductive lifespan, completed family size was better predicted by age at menarche. The demographic i…
Polygyny and the Extent of Women's Contributions to Subsistence
Marital Status and Reproductive Performance in Kipsigis Women
The effects of marital status on fertility and offspring survivorship are examined with data on six marriage cohorts of Kipsigis women, agro-pastoralists of south western Kenya. Neither marriage order, nor the average number of co-wives married to a man during a woman's reproductive years, is associated with completed family size, nor with any of the components of reproductive performance. The mechanisms whereby polygyny might potentially lower t…
Biosocial Perspectives on the Family
Women’s strategies in polygynous marriage
Demography of pastoralists
On Polygyny and Sex Ratio at Birth
Inuit Sex-Ratio Variation
Behavioral Ecology, Levels of Analysis, and the Generation of History
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The Structure of an African Pastoralist Community
Bridewealth and Its Correlates
Brothers and sisters
I've Been Gone Far Too Long
Here are the stories of 30 research scientists who go off the deep ends of the earth. Travel with a young researcher in Dian Fossey's camp as she is handed a gun and told to go out and shoot a gorilla poacher. See how a scientist reacts when he discovers a poisonous bushmaster in his bidet. From bush pilots and endangered species to Land Rover nightmares, these hair-raising tales will keep you up past dawn. This book is a tribute to the courage o…
Are East African Pastoralists Truly Conservationists
Controversy exists among anthropologists, conservation biologists, and development workers as to whether the concept of the "ecologically noble savage" is a myth. Central to this debate are the problem of how to identify conservationist behavior and the issue of whether sound management of common property is likely to evolve. While social scientists have documented instances of restraint in the use of resources, those who adopt an evolutionary pe…
On Pastoralism and Inequality
Optimizing offspring
Using phylogenetically based comparative methods in anthropology
A Study of East African Kinship and Marriage Using a Phylogenetically Based Comparative Method
This article has two related aims: to evaluate some of the principal (and often untested) hypotheses for sociocultural variation in family organization among East African societies and to offer insights into both the strengths and weaknesses of the phylogenetic method for comparative anthropological studies at regional levels. We start with the expectation that the relatively fine scale variation in traits observed at the regional level is a resu…
Sociology (44 obras) · Biology (32 obras) · Geography (27 obras) · Demography (25 obras) · Population (22 obras) · Psychology (22 obras) · Ecology (19 obras) · Economics (19 obras) · Political science (18 obras) · Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior (17 obras)