Bernard Enjolras
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 277166 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Bernard Enjolras |
| PRENOMES | Bernard |
| SOBRENOME | Enjolras |
| ASSINATURA | ENJOLRAS B |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Institute for Social Research |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5416-341X |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 38 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 185 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 35 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 3 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1988 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Duality of the idea of civil society as institutionalized societal sphere and as common world of action
Collaborative governance and effectiveness during emergency response actions in Norway
The challenges of emergency response often reflect wicked problems that transcend conventional public policy and require networked strategies. This article examines how the combination of hierarchical and network elements in the Norwegian model of “collaborative emergency preparedness” affects emergency outcomes. This model supports formal volunteer and public collaboration and enables a mix of command and network coordination. A survey of more t…
Contextual factors influencing voluntary organizations’ inclusiveness and individual participation in leisure activities
While research on participatory inequalities in organized leisure has mainly focused on individual resources and contextual factors, studies linking the individual, organizational and contextual levels are lacking. This study remedies this by investigating the degree to which contextual, organizational and individual factors enhance or inhibit participation in membership-based voluntary leisure organizations among children and adolescents in Norw…
Framing of Civil Society Organizations’ Communication on Facebook
Public support is crucial for mitigating and adapting to the effects of climate change. Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) play a significant role in normative governance aimed at influencing attitudes and mobilizing citizens to take action. Civil society organizations (CSOs) use digital media to this purpose. The framing of information presented by CSOs has been shown to shape how people perceive and respond to it. This paper aims to examine how…
Homophily and polarization on political twitter during the 2017 Norwegian election
Ideological homophily on social media has been receiving increased scholarly interest, as it is associated with the formation of filter bubbles, echo chambers, and increased ideological polarization. And yet, no linkage necessarily exists between ideological homophily, echo chambers, and polarization. Despite political interactions on social media taking place to a large extent between like-minded individuals, cross-cutting interactions are also …
Explaining the Varieties of Volunteering in Europe
Volunteer rates vary greatly across Europe despite the voluntary sector’s common history and tradition. This contribution advances a theoretical explanation for the variation in volunteering across Europe—the capability approach—and tests this approach by adopting a two-step strategy for modeling contextual effects. This approach, referring to the concept of capability introduced by Sen (Choice, welfare and measurement, Oxford University Press, 1…
Online Hate and Zeitgeist of Fear
Acts of terror lead to both a rise of an extended sense of fear that goes beyond the physical location of the attacks and to increased expressions of online hate. In this longitudinal study, we analyzed dynamics between the exposure to online hate and the fear of terrorism after the Paris attacks in November 13, 2015. We hypothesized that exposure to online hate is connected to a perceived Zeitgeist of fear (i.e., collective fear). In turn, the p…
Perceived Societal Fear and Cyberhate after the November 2015 Paris Terrorist Attacks
Fear is one of the negative outcomes of terrorist attacks. Currently, there is a need to understand how societal fear and fear of terrorism might be shaped and induced by social-media discussions. This study analyzed how exposure to cyberhate was associated with perceived societal fear after the November 2015 Paris terrorist attacks. Demographically balanced data sets were collected from France, Spain, Finland, Norway, and the United States four …
Theorizing policy-industry processes
This article develops a theoretical perspective to study the conditions for media policy formation under the condition of digitalization – the Media Policy Field approach – building on an organizational field approach in combination with theories of policy development. The theory of strategic action fields offers a meso-level view of how actors in media fields interact and how their respective opportunities for influencing policy are structured b…
Anger, Fear, and Echo Chambers
Emotions, such as anger and fear, have been shown to influence people's political behavior. However, few studies link emotions specifically to how people debate political issues and seek political information online. In this article, we examine how anger and fear are related to politics-oriented digital behavior, attempting to bridge the gap between the thus far disconnected literature on political psychology and the digital media. Based on surve…
Scandinavian Civil Society and Social Transformations
Jostein Gripsrud (red.)
Echo chamber and trench warfare dynamics in online debates
In this article, we take issue with the claim by Sunstein and others that online discussion takes place in echo chambers, and suggest that the dynamics of online debates could be more aptly described by the logic of ‘trench warfare’, in which opinions are reinforced through contradiction as well as confirmation. We use a unique online survey and an experimental approach to investigate and test echo chamber and trench warfare dynamics in online de…
Internet Research Ethics
This anthology addresses ethical challenges that arise within the field of Internet research. Among the issues discussed in the book are the following: When is voluntary informed consent from research subjects required in using the Internet as a data source? How may researchers secure the privacy of research subjects in a landscape where the traditional public/private distinction is blurred and re-identification is a recurring threat? What are th…
Internet Research Ethics
This anthology addresses ethical challenges that arise within the field of Internet research. Among the issues discussed in the book are the following: When is voluntary informed consent from research subjects required in using the Internet as a data source? How may researchers secure the privacy of research subjects in a landscape where the traditional public/private distinction is blurred and re-identification is a recurring threat? What are th…
Styles of Social Media Campaigning and Influence in a Hybrid Political Communication System
Social media have the potential to influence power relations in political parties as they allow individual candidates to campaign more independently of the central party. In this paper, we scrutinize the relationship between individualization and digital social media in a study that combines the 2013 Norwegian Candidate Survey with candidates’ Twitter data. We ask, first, to what extent are social media used as an individualistic campaign tool? S…
The Fear of Offending
Big Data og samfunnsforskning
Sosiale medier, samfunnspolitisk deltagelse og kontroll
Tillit, frykt og kontroll ett år etter 22. juli
Governing Ambiguities
Firms, Boards and Gender Quotas
During the last decade gender equality in business life has become a hot topic. One impetus is the recent reform in Norway, prescribing gender quotas to the boards of directors of public companies. Shortly after the Norwegian reform was enacted, several other European countries have adopted similar reforms. This is the only volume where this gender quota reform is thoroughly discussed from an economic, political and philosophical point of view. I…
Social media and mobilization to offline demonstrations
This paper examines how the use of social media affects participation in offline demonstrations. Using individual web survey data from Norway, we ask whether social media usage serves to re-affirm or transcend socioeconomic divides in participation. In addition to data on demonstration participation in general, we also use the data on the Rose Marches that were organized after the 22/7 terror events as a critical case. Our results show that the t…
After Utøya
The article examines short-term effects of terror on trust and civic engagement in Norway. Prior to the July 22, 2011 attacks, Norway ranked among the nations with the highest levels of trust and civic engagement in the world. How does a nation of trusters react to terror? Based on two web surveys conducted in March/April 2011 and August 2011 short-term effects on trust, fear, and political interest and participation are analyzed. Two competing h…
Voluntas 2011 December Issue
Social media and mobilization to offline demonstrations
This paper examines how the use of social media affects participation in offline demonstrations. Using individual web survey data from Norway, we ask whether social media usage serves to re-affirm or transcend socioeconomic divides in participation. In addition to data on demonstration participation in general, we also use the data on the Rose Marches that were organized after the 22/7 terror events as a critical case. Our results show that the t…
Styles of Social Media Campaigning and Influence in a Hybrid Political Communication System
Social media have the potential to influence power relations in political parties as they allow individual candidates to campaign more independently of the central party. In this paper, we scrutinize the relationship between individualization and digital social media in a study that combines the 2013 Norwegian Candidate Survey with candidates’ Twitter data. We ask, first, to what extent are social media used as an individualistic campaign tool? S…
Anger, Fear, and Echo Chambers
Emotions, such as anger and fear, have been shown to influence people's political behavior. However, few studies link emotions specifically to how people debate political issues and seek political information online. In this article, we examine how anger and fear are related to politics-oriented digital behavior, attempting to bridge the gap between the thus far disconnected literature on political psychology and the digital media. Based on surve…
After Utøya
The article examines short-term effects of terror on trust and civic engagement in Norway. Prior to the July 22, 2011 attacks, Norway ranked among the nations with the highest levels of trust and civic engagement in the world. How does a nation of trusters react to terror? Based on two web surveys conducted in March/April 2011 and August 2011 short-term effects on trust, fear, and political interest and participation are analyzed. Two competing h…
Echo chamber and trench warfare dynamics in online debates
In this article, we take issue with the claim by Sunstein and others that online discussion takes place in echo chambers, and suggest that the dynamics of online debates could be more aptly described by the logic of ‘trench warfare’, in which opinions are reinforced through contradiction as well as confirmation. We use a unique online survey and an experimental approach to investigate and test echo chamber and trench warfare dynamics in online de…
Between Market and Civic Governance Regimes
The paper proposes to discuss the issue of civicness in the governance of social services by analyzing policy changes relative to the regulation and governance of social services in Europe. The empirical analysis is structured around the concept of “governance regime.” The paper shows that modernization processes within the field of social services in Europe develop along two radically different regulative conceptions reflected into two different…
Perceived Societal Fear and Cyberhate after the November 2015 Paris Terrorist Attacks
Fear is one of the negative outcomes of terrorist attacks. Currently, there is a need to understand how societal fear and fear of terrorism might be shaped and induced by social-media discussions. This study analyzed how exposure to cyberhate was associated with perceived societal fear after the November 2015 Paris terrorist attacks. Demographically balanced data sets were collected from France, Spain, Finland, Norway, and the United States four …
Policy-Making in Sport
This article analyses how public sport policy is made as a result of the interactions between the public sport administration, the political system and sport organizations, and discusses the relevance of three theoretical approaches - corporatism, policy communities and clientelism - for explaining policy-making within the Norwegian context. It builds on two case studies. The first case study concerns the process leading up to the adoption of Par…
Coordination failure, property rights and non‐profit organizations
This paper advances a socio‐economic theory of nonprofit organizations aiming at conceiving this organizational form in its complexity and at analysing it from both the viewpoints of its economical and political (democratic) dimensions. This theoretical approach accounts for the existence of nonprofit organizations and the reasons why nonprofit organizations are relatively more efficient when compared with for‐profit and government organizations …
Explaining the Varieties of Volunteering in Europe
Volunteer rates vary greatly across Europe despite the voluntary sector’s common history and tradition. This contribution advances a theoretical explanation for the variation in volunteering across Europe—the capability approach—and tests this approach by adopting a two-step strategy for modeling contextual effects. This approach, referring to the concept of capability introduced by Sen (Choice, welfare and measurement, Oxford University Press, 1…
Theorizing policy-industry processes
This article develops a theoretical perspective to study the conditions for media policy formation under the condition of digitalization – the Media Policy Field approach – building on an organizational field approach in combination with theories of policy development. The theory of strategic action fields offers a meso-level view of how actors in media fields interact and how their respective opportunities for influencing policy are structured b…
Online Hate and Zeitgeist of Fear
Acts of terror lead to both a rise of an extended sense of fear that goes beyond the physical location of the attacks and to increased expressions of online hate. In this longitudinal study, we analyzed dynamics between the exposure to online hate and the fear of terrorism after the Paris attacks in November 13, 2015. We hypothesized that exposure to online hate is connected to a perceived Zeitgeist of fear (i.e., collective fear). In turn, the p…
The Fear of Offending
Two hypotheses about the emergence of a post-national European model of citizenship
Citizenship is not just a status (defined by a set of rights and obligations), it is also an identity that expresses membership in a political community. It also has a substantive political dimension of active participation in the public sphere. Traditionally, collective identity and the membership dimensions of citizenship have been seen as intrinsic to the nation-state. The processes of globalization that have undermined the sovereignty of the …
Comment Expliquer La Présence d'Organisations a but Non Lucratif Dans Une Economie De Marché? Une Théorie Socio‐économique Des Organisations Non Lucratives
Le secteur à but non lucratif constitue un secteur non néligeable de notre écommie qui reste cependant sous exploré tant sur leplan empirique que théorique. De récents travaux anglo‐Saxons et français permettent de mieux cerner cette réalité. Le programme de recherche du secteur à but non lucratif traite deux types de problématiques: la problématique de l‘origine (pourquoi les organisations à but non lucratif existent elles?) et la problématique …
Framing of Civil Society Organizations’ Communication on Facebook
Public support is crucial for mitigating and adapting to the effects of climate change. Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) play a significant role in normative governance aimed at influencing attitudes and mobilizing citizens to take action. Civil society organizations (CSOs) use digital media to this purpose. The framing of information presented by CSOs has been shown to shape how people perceive and respond to it. This paper aims to examine how…
Formes institutionnelles, rationalité axiologique et conventions
Resume Pour la théorie des coûts de transaction la firme est préférée au marché lorsque les coûts de transaction sont élevés. Si de ce point de vue le marché et la hiérarchie constituent deux formes institutionnelles alternatives de coordination des activités, il reste à expliquer pourquoi certaines organisations prennent la forme lucrative tandis que d’autres prennent la forme non lucrative ou publique. Les explications en termes de coûts de tra…
Mobilité, précarité
Les approches classiques de la mobilité conduisent à une conclusion normative : la mobilité est souhaitable. L'analyse des formes nouvelles de la mobilité liées aux restructurations économiques en Langue- doc-Roussillon conduit à considérer la mobilité comme facteur de contre-productivité et à s'interroger sur la définition du territoire optimal des politiques économiques et sociales
Comment expliquer la présence d'organisations à but non lucratif dans une économie de marché?
Le secteur à but non lucratif constitue un secteur non négligeable de notre économie qui reste cependant sous exploré tant sur le plan empirique que théorique. De récents travaux anglo-saxons et français permettent de mieux cerner cette réalité. Le programme de recherche du secteur à but non lucratif traite deux types de problématiques : la problématique de l'origine (pourquoi les organisations à but non lucratifs existent-elles?) et la problémat…
Comment Expliquer La Présence d'Organisations a but Non Lucratif Dans Une Economie De Marché? Une Théorie Socio‐économique Des Organisations Non Lucratives
Le secteur à but non lucratif constitue un secteur non néligeable de notre écommie qui reste cependant sous exploré tant sur leplan empirique que théorique. De récents travaux anglo‐Saxons et français permettent de mieux cerner cette réalité. Le programme de recherche du secteur à but non lucratif traite deux types de problématiques: la problématique de l‘origine (pourquoi les organisations à but non lucratif existent elles?) et la problématique …
Coordination failure, property rights and non‐profit organizations
This paper advances a socio‐economic theory of nonprofit organizations aiming at conceiving this organizational form in its complexity and at analysing it from both the viewpoints of its economical and political (democratic) dimensions. This theoretical approach accounts for the existence of nonprofit organizations and the reasons why nonprofit organizations are relatively more efficient when compared with for‐profit and government organizations …
Does the Commercialization of Voluntary Organizations ‘Crowd out’ Voluntary Work
This article examines the relationship among voluntary labour supply and commercial income for Norwegian sport voluntary organizations. Empirical results using cross–sectional data on voluntary sport organizations in Norway and on their members show a decrease in voluntary work from an increase in commercial income. Voluntary work and commercial income appear as substitutable resources. Nevertheless, the results have to be differentiated accordin…
Formes institutionnelles, rationalité axiologique et conventions
Resume Pour la théorie des coûts de transaction la firme est préférée au marché lorsque les coûts de transaction sont élevés. Si de ce point de vue le marché et la hiérarchie constituent deux formes institutionnelles alternatives de coordination des activités, il reste à expliquer pourquoi certaines organisations prennent la forme lucrative tandis que d’autres prennent la forme non lucrative ou publique. Les explications en termes de coûts de tra…
Économies sociale et solidaire et régimes de gouvernance
La problématique de la gouvernance traduit un déplacement de l’attention, des modes de fonctionnement des organisations publiques vers les réseaux d’acteurs. Cet article s’attache dans un premier temps à montrer la convergence qui s’établit entre nouvelle gouvernance, valorisation du territoire et caractéristiques des organisations d’économie sociale et solidaire. Cette convergence doit cependant être relativisée. En effet, le concept de « régime…
Policy-Making in Sport
This article analyses how public sport policy is made as a result of the interactions between the public sport administration, the political system and sport organizations, and discusses the relevance of three theoretical approaches - corporatism, policy communities and clientelism - for explaining policy-making within the Norwegian context. It builds on two case studies. The first case study concerns the process leading up to the adoption of Par…
Two hypotheses about the emergence of a post-national European model of citizenship
Citizenship is not just a status (defined by a set of rights and obligations), it is also an identity that expresses membership in a political community. It also has a substantive political dimension of active participation in the public sphere. Traditionally, collective identity and the membership dimensions of citizenship have been seen as intrinsic to the nation-state. The processes of globalization that have undermined the sovereignty of the …
Approche théorique de la gouvernance des organisation non lucratives
Cet article développe une approche théorique de la structure de gouvernance des organisations non lucratives. Celles-ci sont analysées comme structures de gouvernance renforçant la norme de réciprocité (généralisée ou équilibrée) et rendant possible la mutualisation des ressources. Leur structure de gouvernance présente des traits spécifiques relatifs aux finalités formelles de l’organisation, à sa forme de propriété, à ses prétendants résiduels,…
Civil Society in Comparative Perspective
This book presents a collection of comparative studies of civil society around two main issues: the comparison and analysis of civil society regimes in relation to different constructions of citizenship and welfare states and the role of civil society in governance and active participation of citizens. The first part of the book is concerned with comparisons of civil society institutional frameworks and regimes. In this section the contributions …
Between Market and Civic Governance Regimes
The paper proposes to discuss the issue of civicness in the governance of social services by analyzing policy changes relative to the regulation and governance of social services in Europe. The empirical analysis is structured around the concept of “governance regime.” The paper shows that modernization processes within the field of social services in Europe develop along two radically different regulative conceptions reflected into two different…
Gouvernance verticale, gouvernance horizontale et économie sociale et solidaire
The approach in terms of new governance gives a significant place to civil society?s actors both within policy-making and policy implementation processes. The issue of governance has to be understood against the backdrop of the erosion of state?s prerogatives in industrialized countries. The governance perspective mirrors a move of the focus on public organizations toward an increased interest on actors? networks. This article is concerned with t…
Voluntas 2011 December Issue
Governing Ambiguities
Firms, Boards and Gender Quotas
During the last decade gender equality in business life has become a hot topic. One impetus is the recent reform in Norway, prescribing gender quotas to the boards of directors of public companies. Shortly after the Norwegian reform was enacted, several other European countries have adopted similar reforms. This is the only volume where this gender quota reform is thoroughly discussed from an economic, political and philosophical point of view. I…
Social media and mobilization to offline demonstrations
This paper examines how the use of social media affects participation in offline demonstrations. Using individual web survey data from Norway, we ask whether social media usage serves to re-affirm or transcend socioeconomic divides in participation. In addition to data on demonstration participation in general, we also use the data on the Rose Marches that were organized after the 22/7 terror events as a critical case. Our results show that the t…
After Utøya
The article examines short-term effects of terror on trust and civic engagement in Norway. Prior to the July 22, 2011 attacks, Norway ranked among the nations with the highest levels of trust and civic engagement in the world. How does a nation of trusters react to terror? Based on two web surveys conducted in March/April 2011 and August 2011 short-term effects on trust, fear, and political interest and participation are analyzed. Two competing h…
Sosiale medier, samfunnspolitisk deltagelse og kontroll
Tillit, frykt og kontroll ett år etter 22. juli
Big Data og samfunnsforskning
Internet Research Ethics
This anthology addresses ethical challenges that arise within the field of Internet research. Among the issues discussed in the book are the following: When is voluntary informed consent from research subjects required in using the Internet as a data source? How may researchers secure the privacy of research subjects in a landscape where the traditional public/private distinction is blurred and re-identification is a recurring threat? What are th…
Internet Research Ethics
This anthology addresses ethical challenges that arise within the field of Internet research. Among the issues discussed in the book are the following: When is voluntary informed consent from research subjects required in using the Internet as a data source? How may researchers secure the privacy of research subjects in a landscape where the traditional public/private distinction is blurred and re-identification is a recurring threat? What are th…
Styles of Social Media Campaigning and Influence in a Hybrid Political Communication System
Social media have the potential to influence power relations in political parties as they allow individual candidates to campaign more independently of the central party. In this paper, we scrutinize the relationship between individualization and digital social media in a study that combines the 2013 Norwegian Candidate Survey with candidates’ Twitter data. We ask, first, to what extent are social media used as an individualistic campaign tool? S…
The Fear of Offending
Political science (34 obras) · Law (18 obras) · Sociology (18 obras) · Politics (14 obras) · Norwegian (9 obras) · Public relations (9 obras) · Computer Science (8 obras) · Nonprofit Sector and Volunteering (8 obras) · Philosophy (8 obras) · Psychology (8 obras)