Alison Earle
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 279435 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Alison Earle |
| PRENOMES | Alison |
| SOBRENOME | Earle |
| ASSINATURA | EARLE A |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Center for Policy Analysis |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9177-8122 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 24 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 189 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 24 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1998 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
Progress towards gender equality in paid parental leave
Gender inequality in infant caregiving contributes to gender inequality in paid work, especially since workers often become parents during pivotal career stages. Whether women and men have equal access to paid leave for infant care can meaningfully shape patterns of caregiving in ways that have long-term economic impacts. We used a longitudinal database of paid leave policies in 193 countries to examine how the availability of paid leave for infa…
Utilizing a Comparative Policy Resource from the WORLD Policy Analysis Center Covering Constitutional Rights, Laws, and Policies across 193 Countries for Outcome Analysis, Monitoring, and Accountabili…
Historically, a lack of comparable data on the laws and policies that shape health, education, poverty, and other outcomes has hindered researchers’ ability to provide rigorous evidence on the effectiveness of different policy designs. This article describes public-use downloadable data built by the WORLD Policy Analysis Center to fill this gap. Over 2,000 quantitatively comparable measures of national laws and policies across 193 countries were …
How much would family and medical leave cost workers in the US? Racial/ethnic variation in economic hardship under unpaid and paid policies
Using a capability approach, this study assesses economic constraints under the current US national unpaid family and medical leave (FML) policy compared to a hypothetical national paid FML policy for all full-year workers. Existing literature documents gender and class differences in barriers to FML use, but there is limited research on racial/ethnic minority workers. Our results indicate that if FML policy changed from unpaid to paid leave, bla…
Differential eligibility for paid leave benefits in OECD countries
Research has shown health and economic benefits to having access to paid family and medical leave, yet eligibility requirements restrict coverage. The impact and variation of these requirements across countries have not been studied. This study addresses this gap using original data on legislated tenure requirements and worker tenure as reported in national household surveys from countries in the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Developm…
Protecting health during Covid-19 and beyond
Well-designed paid sick leave is critical to ensure workers stay home when sick to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and other infectious pathogens, both when the economy is open and during an economic shutdown. To assess whether paid sick leave is available in countries around the world, we created and analysed a database of legislative guarantees of paid leave for personal illness in 193 UN member states. Original labour and social security legi…
Can Working Women and Men Afford to Take Paid Leave? A Comparative Study of the Level of Paid Leave Benefits and Poverty Thresholds in the OECD
Using a new comparative database of paid family and medical leave policies in 34 OECD countries, the article analyzes whether payments enable households of average and minimum wage workers to avoid poverty at three points during leave. The majority of countries ensure that benefits for average wage earners are above the poverty threshold during week one of paid parental leave, as well as of paid leave for personal illness and for family member’s …
The state of child labor protections in 193 countries
Purpose Nearly every country has committed to protect children from work that could be harmful or interfere with their education by ratifying the International Labour Organization Minimum Age Convention (C138). Yet there is little transparency and accountability around whether countries have followed through on these commitments by passing legislation to protect children from work. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approa…
Child Marriage Laws around the World
The marriage of children below 18 is widely recognized in international human rights agreements as a discriminatory global practice that hinders the development and well-being of hundreds of millions of girls. Using a new global policy database, we analyze national legislation regarding minimum marriage age, exceptions permitting marriage at earlier ages, and gender disparities in laws. While our longitudinal data indicate improvements in frequen…
Monitoring Progress Toward Meeting the United Nations SDG on Pre-primary Education
Despite widespread agreement among international organizations on the importance of healthy early childhood development, monitoring of national action on the provision of pre-primary education has been limited. This paper presents a quantitative approach to monitoring the world’s progress on the United Nations (UN) sustainable development goal (SDG) target 4.2 to “ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, …
Impact of caring for children with medical complexity on parents' employment and time
Objectives: This study examined parental care of children with medical complexity (CMC) in terms of time spent providing care and impacts on employment and career.Methods: We recruited caregivers of 153 CMC in a tertiary center complex care program to participate in a cross-sectional mail survey.Results: Among 95 respondents (62% of eligible), 75% of primary caregivers and 53% of spouses experienced employment losses and one-third experienced neg…
Filling a critical gap
Work is a central element in most people's lives, and its adequacy and value cannot be measured by simple figures showing how many people have gained or lost jobs. Current measures of decent work are more comprehensive in terms of what matters to individuals, but deficient in their coverage of work policies that matter to families. In this article, we argue the importance and feasibility of measuring policies and laws that shape work quality, and…
The cost of caregiving
Sixty-one percent of the adults caring for elderly and disabled family members and 53% of parents of children with special needs are employed. Yet studies examining the experience of employed caregivers of children with special needs and elderly or disabled adult family members have not examined the impact on earnings or the workplace policies that might help reduce the conflicts between work and caregiving. This study begins to fill this gap usi…
Protecting the health of employees caring for family members with special health care needs
The impact of migration on the well-being of transnational families
We present results from a new study of the effects of migration to the USA on the well-being of transnational families in high emigration communities within Mexico. Our survey measured the well-being of family members in a variety of domains: economic, health, education, and child development for a representative sample drawn from high migration municipalities. Compared to those with no recent emigrants to the USA, Mexican households sending non-…
Working HIV care-givers in Botswana
Families provide most of the care to the tens of millions of HIV-infected and -affected in Africa. Little research exists on how care-givers balance the demands of holding a job with providing care for those who have become ill or orphaned by HIV/AIDS. Using data from a large survey administered to 1,077 working care-givers in Botswana, we compared the experience of HIV care-givers with non-HIV care-givers. Compared to non-HIV care-givers, HIV ca…
Extended family caring for children orphaned by Aids
While over 90 per cent of the 15 million children who have been orphaned by HIV/AIDS are cared for by family members, there is little information about whether adults can meet orphans' essential caregiving needs while working to economically survive. Using a survey we conducted in Botswana of 1033 working adults, we analyse the experience of adults who are caring for orphans. Over one-third of working adults were caring for orphans and many with …
A comparative analysis of paid leave for the health needs of workers and their families around the world
The ability of workers to take time off work when they are ill, and when their children or adult family members are ill, is critical to the health of workers and their families. In this study, we examine labor codes and labor-related legislation for 178 countries available from the International Labor Organization, and 160 individual country reports in Social Security Programs Throughout the World to determine the availability of paid sick leave …
Bringing a global perspective to community, work and family
To date, much of the research on the interaction between work and family has focused on single countries or comparative studies on OECD countries. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility of bringing a truly global perspective to comparative research on work, family, and community questions. We conducted an examination of extended‐hour work in four countries in Latin America, Africa, and Asia. This paper highlights two facts: firs…
The impact of parental working conditions on school-age children
Non-weekday work schedules are on the rise in the USA. Among non-standard shifts, the evening shift is the most common. Low-income parents are more likely to be required to work non-standard schedules. However, little work has been done to examine the effect of parental evening work on school-age children. Data collected in the USA in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) was used to examine the effect of parental evening work on the h…
Low-Income Parents
Numerous studies have documented the importance of parental involvement to children's success at school. Much of the discussion about what influences the outcomes of poor children has assumed that low-income parents have the same opportunity to help with their children's education. Yet, parents' availability to be involved with their children's education is often determined by job benefits and working conditions. The goal of this article is to ex…
The impact of welfare reform on parents' ability to care for their children's health
OBJECTIVES: Most of the national policy debate regarding welfare assumed that if middle-income mothers could balance work while caring for their children's health and development, mothers leaving welfare for work should be able to do so as well. Yet, previous research has not examined the conditions faced by mothers leaving welfare for work. METHODS: Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, this study examined the availability o…
The work‐family balance
The work-family balance
The work-family balance
The impact of migration on the well-being of transnational families
We present results from a new study of the effects of migration to the USA on the well-being of transnational families in high emigration communities within Mexico. Our survey measured the well-being of family members in a variety of domains: economic, health, education, and child development for a representative sample drawn from high migration municipalities. Compared to those with no recent emigrants to the USA, Mexican households sending non-…
Child Marriage Laws around the World
The marriage of children below 18 is widely recognized in international human rights agreements as a discriminatory global practice that hinders the development and well-being of hundreds of millions of girls. Using a new global policy database, we analyze national legislation regarding minimum marriage age, exceptions permitting marriage at earlier ages, and gender disparities in laws. While our longitudinal data indicate improvements in frequen…
Low-Income Parents
Numerous studies have documented the importance of parental involvement to children's success at school. Much of the discussion about what influences the outcomes of poor children has assumed that low-income parents have the same opportunity to help with their children's education. Yet, parents' availability to be involved with their children's education is often determined by job benefits and working conditions. The goal of this article is to ex…
The impact of welfare reform on parents' ability to care for their children's health
OBJECTIVES: Most of the national policy debate regarding welfare assumed that if middle-income mothers could balance work while caring for their children's health and development, mothers leaving welfare for work should be able to do so as well. Yet, previous research has not examined the conditions faced by mothers leaving welfare for work. METHODS: Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, this study examined the availability o…
The impact of parental working conditions on school-age children
Non-weekday work schedules are on the rise in the USA. Among non-standard shifts, the evening shift is the most common. Low-income parents are more likely to be required to work non-standard schedules. However, little work has been done to examine the effect of parental evening work on school-age children. Data collected in the USA in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) was used to examine the effect of parental evening work on the h…
Protecting the health of employees caring for family members with special health care needs
Progress towards gender equality in paid parental leave
Gender inequality in infant caregiving contributes to gender inequality in paid work, especially since workers often become parents during pivotal career stages. Whether women and men have equal access to paid leave for infant care can meaningfully shape patterns of caregiving in ways that have long-term economic impacts. We used a longitudinal database of paid leave policies in 193 countries to examine how the availability of paid leave for infa…
The cost of caregiving
Sixty-one percent of the adults caring for elderly and disabled family members and 53% of parents of children with special needs are employed. Yet studies examining the experience of employed caregivers of children with special needs and elderly or disabled adult family members have not examined the impact on earnings or the workplace policies that might help reduce the conflicts between work and caregiving. This study begins to fill this gap usi…
Differential eligibility for paid leave benefits in OECD countries
Research has shown health and economic benefits to having access to paid family and medical leave, yet eligibility requirements restrict coverage. The impact and variation of these requirements across countries have not been studied. This study addresses this gap using original data on legislated tenure requirements and worker tenure as reported in national household surveys from countries in the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Developm…
Working HIV care-givers in Botswana
Families provide most of the care to the tens of millions of HIV-infected and -affected in Africa. Little research exists on how care-givers balance the demands of holding a job with providing care for those who have become ill or orphaned by HIV/AIDS. Using data from a large survey administered to 1,077 working care-givers in Botswana, we compared the experience of HIV care-givers with non-HIV care-givers. Compared to non-HIV care-givers, HIV ca…
A comparative analysis of paid leave for the health needs of workers and their families around the world
The ability of workers to take time off work when they are ill, and when their children or adult family members are ill, is critical to the health of workers and their families. In this study, we examine labor codes and labor-related legislation for 178 countries available from the International Labor Organization, and 160 individual country reports in Social Security Programs Throughout the World to determine the availability of paid sick leave …
How much would family and medical leave cost workers in the US? Racial/ethnic variation in economic hardship under unpaid and paid policies
Using a capability approach, this study assesses economic constraints under the current US national unpaid family and medical leave (FML) policy compared to a hypothetical national paid FML policy for all full-year workers. Existing literature documents gender and class differences in barriers to FML use, but there is limited research on racial/ethnic minority workers. Our results indicate that if FML policy changed from unpaid to paid leave, bla…
Filling a critical gap
Work is a central element in most people's lives, and its adequacy and value cannot be measured by simple figures showing how many people have gained or lost jobs. Current measures of decent work are more comprehensive in terms of what matters to individuals, but deficient in their coverage of work policies that matter to families. In this article, we argue the importance and feasibility of measuring policies and laws that shape work quality, and…
Bringing a global perspective to community, work and family
To date, much of the research on the interaction between work and family has focused on single countries or comparative studies on OECD countries. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility of bringing a truly global perspective to comparative research on work, family, and community questions. We conducted an examination of extended‐hour work in four countries in Latin America, Africa, and Asia. This paper highlights two facts: firs…
Utilizing a Comparative Policy Resource from the WORLD Policy Analysis Center Covering Constitutional Rights, Laws, and Policies across 193 Countries for Outcome Analysis, Monitoring, and Accountabili…
Historically, a lack of comparable data on the laws and policies that shape health, education, poverty, and other outcomes has hindered researchers’ ability to provide rigorous evidence on the effectiveness of different policy designs. This article describes public-use downloadable data built by the WORLD Policy Analysis Center to fill this gap. Over 2,000 quantitatively comparable measures of national laws and policies across 193 countries were …
Can Working Women and Men Afford to Take Paid Leave? A Comparative Study of the Level of Paid Leave Benefits and Poverty Thresholds in the OECD
Using a new comparative database of paid family and medical leave policies in 34 OECD countries, the article analyzes whether payments enable households of average and minimum wage workers to avoid poverty at three points during leave. The majority of countries ensure that benefits for average wage earners are above the poverty threshold during week one of paid parental leave, as well as of paid leave for personal illness and for family member’s …
The state of child labor protections in 193 countries
Purpose Nearly every country has committed to protect children from work that could be harmful or interfere with their education by ratifying the International Labour Organization Minimum Age Convention (C138). Yet there is little transparency and accountability around whether countries have followed through on these commitments by passing legislation to protect children from work. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approa…
Impact of caring for children with medical complexity on parents' employment and time
Objectives: This study examined parental care of children with medical complexity (CMC) in terms of time spent providing care and impacts on employment and career.Methods: We recruited caregivers of 153 CMC in a tertiary center complex care program to participate in a cross-sectional mail survey.Results: Among 95 respondents (62% of eligible), 75% of primary caregivers and 53% of spouses experienced employment losses and one-third experienced neg…
The work‐family balance
The work-family balance
The work-family balance
The impact of welfare reform on parents' ability to care for their children's health
OBJECTIVES: Most of the national policy debate regarding welfare assumed that if middle-income mothers could balance work while caring for their children's health and development, mothers leaving welfare for work should be able to do so as well. Yet, previous research has not examined the conditions faced by mothers leaving welfare for work. METHODS: Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, this study examined the availability o…
Low-Income Parents
Numerous studies have documented the importance of parental involvement to children's success at school. Much of the discussion about what influences the outcomes of poor children has assumed that low-income parents have the same opportunity to help with their children's education. Yet, parents' availability to be involved with their children's education is often determined by job benefits and working conditions. The goal of this article is to ex…
The impact of parental working conditions on school-age children
Non-weekday work schedules are on the rise in the USA. Among non-standard shifts, the evening shift is the most common. Low-income parents are more likely to be required to work non-standard schedules. However, little work has been done to examine the effect of parental evening work on school-age children. Data collected in the USA in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) was used to examine the effect of parental evening work on the h…
Bringing a global perspective to community, work and family
To date, much of the research on the interaction between work and family has focused on single countries or comparative studies on OECD countries. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility of bringing a truly global perspective to comparative research on work, family, and community questions. We conducted an examination of extended‐hour work in four countries in Latin America, Africa, and Asia. This paper highlights two facts: firs…
A comparative analysis of paid leave for the health needs of workers and their families around the world
The ability of workers to take time off work when they are ill, and when their children or adult family members are ill, is critical to the health of workers and their families. In this study, we examine labor codes and labor-related legislation for 178 countries available from the International Labor Organization, and 160 individual country reports in Social Security Programs Throughout the World to determine the availability of paid sick leave …
Extended family caring for children orphaned by Aids
While over 90 per cent of the 15 million children who have been orphaned by HIV/AIDS are cared for by family members, there is little information about whether adults can meet orphans' essential caregiving needs while working to economically survive. Using a survey we conducted in Botswana of 1033 working adults, we analyse the experience of adults who are caring for orphans. Over one-third of working adults were caring for orphans and many with …
Working HIV care-givers in Botswana
Families provide most of the care to the tens of millions of HIV-infected and -affected in Africa. Little research exists on how care-givers balance the demands of holding a job with providing care for those who have become ill or orphaned by HIV/AIDS. Using data from a large survey administered to 1,077 working care-givers in Botswana, we compared the experience of HIV care-givers with non-HIV care-givers. Compared to non-HIV care-givers, HIV ca…
The impact of migration on the well-being of transnational families
We present results from a new study of the effects of migration to the USA on the well-being of transnational families in high emigration communities within Mexico. Our survey measured the well-being of family members in a variety of domains: economic, health, education, and child development for a representative sample drawn from high migration municipalities. Compared to those with no recent emigrants to the USA, Mexican households sending non-…
Protecting the health of employees caring for family members with special health care needs
The cost of caregiving
Sixty-one percent of the adults caring for elderly and disabled family members and 53% of parents of children with special needs are employed. Yet studies examining the experience of employed caregivers of children with special needs and elderly or disabled adult family members have not examined the impact on earnings or the workplace policies that might help reduce the conflicts between work and caregiving. This study begins to fill this gap usi…
Filling a critical gap
Work is a central element in most people's lives, and its adequacy and value cannot be measured by simple figures showing how many people have gained or lost jobs. Current measures of decent work are more comprehensive in terms of what matters to individuals, but deficient in their coverage of work policies that matter to families. In this article, we argue the importance and feasibility of measuring policies and laws that shape work quality, and…
Impact of caring for children with medical complexity on parents' employment and time
Objectives: This study examined parental care of children with medical complexity (CMC) in terms of time spent providing care and impacts on employment and career.Methods: We recruited caregivers of 153 CMC in a tertiary center complex care program to participate in a cross-sectional mail survey.Results: Among 95 respondents (62% of eligible), 75% of primary caregivers and 53% of spouses experienced employment losses and one-third experienced neg…
Child Marriage Laws around the World
The marriage of children below 18 is widely recognized in international human rights agreements as a discriminatory global practice that hinders the development and well-being of hundreds of millions of girls. Using a new global policy database, we analyze national legislation regarding minimum marriage age, exceptions permitting marriage at earlier ages, and gender disparities in laws. While our longitudinal data indicate improvements in frequen…
Monitoring Progress Toward Meeting the United Nations SDG on Pre-primary Education
Despite widespread agreement among international organizations on the importance of healthy early childhood development, monitoring of national action on the provision of pre-primary education has been limited. This paper presents a quantitative approach to monitoring the world’s progress on the United Nations (UN) sustainable development goal (SDG) target 4.2 to “ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, …
Can Working Women and Men Afford to Take Paid Leave? A Comparative Study of the Level of Paid Leave Benefits and Poverty Thresholds in the OECD
Using a new comparative database of paid family and medical leave policies in 34 OECD countries, the article analyzes whether payments enable households of average and minimum wage workers to avoid poverty at three points during leave. The majority of countries ensure that benefits for average wage earners are above the poverty threshold during week one of paid parental leave, as well as of paid leave for personal illness and for family member’s …
The state of child labor protections in 193 countries
Purpose Nearly every country has committed to protect children from work that could be harmful or interfere with their education by ratifying the International Labour Organization Minimum Age Convention (C138). Yet there is little transparency and accountability around whether countries have followed through on these commitments by passing legislation to protect children from work. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approa…
Protecting health during Covid-19 and beyond
Well-designed paid sick leave is critical to ensure workers stay home when sick to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and other infectious pathogens, both when the economy is open and during an economic shutdown. To assess whether paid sick leave is available in countries around the world, we created and analysed a database of legislative guarantees of paid leave for personal illness in 193 UN member states. Original labour and social security legi…
Utilizing a Comparative Policy Resource from the WORLD Policy Analysis Center Covering Constitutional Rights, Laws, and Policies across 193 Countries for Outcome Analysis, Monitoring, and Accountabili…
Historically, a lack of comparable data on the laws and policies that shape health, education, poverty, and other outcomes has hindered researchers’ ability to provide rigorous evidence on the effectiveness of different policy designs. This article describes public-use downloadable data built by the WORLD Policy Analysis Center to fill this gap. Over 2,000 quantitatively comparable measures of national laws and policies across 193 countries were …
How much would family and medical leave cost workers in the US? Racial/ethnic variation in economic hardship under unpaid and paid policies
Using a capability approach, this study assesses economic constraints under the current US national unpaid family and medical leave (FML) policy compared to a hypothetical national paid FML policy for all full-year workers. Existing literature documents gender and class differences in barriers to FML use, but there is limited research on racial/ethnic minority workers. Our results indicate that if FML policy changed from unpaid to paid leave, bla…
Differential eligibility for paid leave benefits in OECD countries
Research has shown health and economic benefits to having access to paid family and medical leave, yet eligibility requirements restrict coverage. The impact and variation of these requirements across countries have not been studied. This study addresses this gap using original data on legislated tenure requirements and worker tenure as reported in national household surveys from countries in the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Developm…
Progress towards gender equality in paid parental leave
Gender inequality in infant caregiving contributes to gender inequality in paid work, especially since workers often become parents during pivotal career stages. Whether women and men have equal access to paid leave for infant care can meaningfully shape patterns of caregiving in ways that have long-term economic impacts. We used a longitudinal database of paid leave policies in 193 countries to examine how the availability of paid leave for infa…
Economics (17 obras) · Work (physics (14 obras) · Psychology (13 obras) · Political science (12 obras) · Demographic economics (11 obras) · Medicine (11 obras) · Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics (10 obras) · Work-Family Balance Challenges (10 obras) · Economic growth (9 obras) · Labour economics (9 obras)