Joyce Wamoyi
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 283843 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Joyce Wamoyi |
| PRENOMES | Joyce |
| SOBRENOME | Wamoyi |
| ASSINATURA | WAMOYI J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | National Institute for Medical Research |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2956-8666 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 57 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 110 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 57 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2006 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Cost-Effectiveness of a Digital Parenting Intervention for Reducing Violence and Related Health Burden Among Adolescents in Tanzania
Young female sex workers lived experiences of selling sex and accessing sexual and reproductive health services in Tanzania
Background: Adolescent girls and young women who sell sex are at a heightened risk of acquiring HIV compared to those who do not. Their access to Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) services is also limited. This study explored the context of sex work for young female sex workers (YFSWs) and how they accessed sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, including HIV services, to gain insights for enhancing demand for and access to these servi…
Are parenting programmes effective at scale? Associations with violence against adolescent girls, parenting and mental health in real-world delivery across eight African countries
INTRODUCTION: Evidence-based parenting programmes are widely used to prevent violence against children and improve parenting and mental health. Despite hundreds of randomised trials, little is known about their outcomes when delivered at scale within routine delivery. This study assesses the WHO-endorsed and UNICEF-endorsed Parenting for Lifelong Health programme for caregivers and adolescents, delivered through non-governmental organisation and …
A measurement tool to capture sexual harassment among women in Tanzania
BACKGROUND: Sexual harassment is a serious public health problem, yet there is a lack of clarity on its measurement. OBJECTIVE: We set out to develop a measurement tool to capture sexual harassment in the different spheres of women's everyday lives. METHODS: We conducted 60 cognitive interviews with women in two iterations. In each iteration, we interviewed 10 young women aged 15-24 years, sampled from two public secondary schools; 20 women aged …
Gender equity and intimate partner violence among adolescents and young adults in Tanzania
Intimate partner violence (IPV) starts at a young age. In Tanzania, 32% of adolescent girls and young women report lifetime experience of physical or sexual IPV. Adolescence is a critical developmental period when young people are establishing beliefs around gender equity and violence and when programmes and interventions may be most influential. This study explored adolescent and young adult perspectives on gender equity and gender roles, and th…
Acceptability and cultural appropriateness of a parenting programme to reduce violence against adolescents in Tanzania delivered at scale
Although parenting programmes may be effective at reducing violence against children (VAC), there is a limited understanding on how acceptable and appropriate such programmes are among parents/caregivers ('caregivers') when delivered at scale. This paper explores the acceptability and cultural appropriateness of a parenting programme for caregivers and their adolescent girls, Parenting for Lifelong Health for Teens (PLH-Teens), which was delivere…
Reducing family and school-based violence at scale
BACKGROUND: Parenting programmes, including those delivered in the Global South, are effective strategies to reduce violence against children (VAC). However, there is limited evidence of their impact when implemented at scale within routine delivery systems. This study aimed to address this gap by evaluating the real-world delivery of Parenting for Lifelong Health for Teens in Tanzania. METHODS: Participating parents/caregivers and their adolesce…
Pathways to transactional sex among peri-urban South African women
Transactional sex increases sub-Saharan African women's risk of HIV acquisition.We quantitatively explored the pathways contributing towards women's future engagement in transactional sex with casual partners and khwapheni (secret concurrent sex partners).We conducted secondary data analysis from a cluster randomised controlled trial in urban informal settlements in eThekwini Municipality.,South Africa.Data were collected at enrolment (t0) and 24…
Systematic review of cash plus or bundled interventions targeting adolescents in Africa to reduce HIV risk
Our review demonstrated the potential for bundled, multisectoral interventions for preventing HIV and facilitating safe transitions to adulthood. Findings have implications for designing HIV sensitive programmes on a larger scale, including how interventions may need to address multiple strata of the social ecological model to achieve success in the prevention of HIV and related pathways
Manual Qualitative Data Coding Using MS Word for Students and Early Career Researchers in Resource-Constrained Settings
In recent years, the field of qualitative data collection, management, and analysis has undergone significant evolution, with researchers worldwide increasingly leveraging technological advancements to streamline and simplify their practices. Despite the advantages of using qualitative data coding software, several challenges persist, particularly in resource-constrained settings. Issues such as the high cost of software licenses, the time requir…
Sexual Harassment in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Sexual harassment is a pervasive form of gender-based violence that has negative social and health impacts, yet there is only limited research available on sexual harassment in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The aim of this qualitative systematic review was to better understand how participants across a variety of countries and settings conceptualized sexual harassment and to investigate its causal factors, consequences, coping strateg…
Optimising engagement in a digital parenting intervention to prevent violence against adolescents in Tanzania
Pan African Clinical Trial Registry, PACTR202210657553944. Registered 11 October 2022, https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=24051
A qualitative study exploring parent–daughter approaches for communicating about sex and transactional sex in Central Uganda
INTRODUCTION: Ugandan adolescent girls and young women are disproportionately impacted by human immunodeficiency virus, and this is largely driven by their engagement in transactional sex. Globally, parent-daughter communication about sex is associated with increased contraceptive use and delayed/decreased sexual activity, but research on parent-daughter communication about transactional sex is lacking. This paper elucidates local perspectives on…
A win-win scenario? Employers’ responses to HIV in Tanzania
Workplaces have been increasingly promoted as key sites for HIV interventions, with cost-benefit analyses employed to demonstrate the financial benefits to employers for implementing workplace HIV programmes. In these analyses, the potential costs of having HIV positive employees are weighed against the costs of the workplace programmes. Despite evidence that shows some firms have saved significant sums of money through these interventions, the g…
‘I trap her with a CD, then tomorrow find her with a big old man who bought her a smart phone’. Constructions of masculinities and transactional sex
Men's role in transactional sex is relatively unexplored, limiting initiatives to prevent exploitative transactional sex and its negative health implications for girls and women. We addressed this literature gap by conducting eight focus group discussions and twenty in-depth-interviews with boys and men aged 14 - 49 years in 2015 in Tanzania. We employed a novel combination of theoretical perspectives - gender and masculinities, and social norms …
HIV testing attitudes and practices amongst 'wealthy men'
Evidence from nationally representative surveys conducted in sub-Saharan Africa shows that significant proportions of men in the wealthiest quintile report never having tested for HIV. Despite high prevalence rates in this quintile, no research has been conducted on the HIV testing attitudes and practices of wealthier men. This article reports findings from qualitative research conducted with 23 wealthy men in Tanzania. Whilst wealthy men reporte…
Adolescent girls’ perceived readiness for sex in Central Uganda - liminal transitions and implications for sexual and reproductive health interventions
Young women in Uganda are at risk of negative sexual and reproductive health outcomes, in part because of sex with older men. Theoretically grounded in the concept of liminality, this paper examines perceived markers of adolescent girls' suitability for sexual activity. In 2014, we conducted 19 focus group discussions and 44 in-depth interviews in two communities in Uganda. Interviews were conducted using a semi-structured tool, audio-recorded an…
The influence of cash transfers on engagement in transactional sex and partner choice among adolescent girls and young women in Northwest Tanzania
Cash transfers are theorised to reduce adolescent girls and young women's economic vulnerability and engagement in transactional sex; however, the processes involved remain unclear. We conducted longitudinal cross-sectional, and narrative timeline in-depth interviews with young women aged 15-23 years in northern Tanzania enrolled in a cash transfer intervention. We analysed data using a thematic approach guided by the transactional sex framework.…
Why marry early? Parental influence, agency and gendered conflict in Tanzanian marriages
Global health interventions increasingly target the abolishment of ‘child marriage’ (marriage under 18 years, hereafter referred to as ‘early marriage’). Guided by human behavioural ecology theory, and drawing on focus groups and in-depth interviews in an urbanising Tanzanian community where female early marriage is normative, we examine the common assumption that it is driven by the interests and coercive actions of parents and/or men. We find l…
Capitalising on aspirations of adolescent girls and young women to reduce their sexual health risks
This paper explores adolescent girls' and young women's (AGYW) aspirations, factors that influence aspirations, and how their aspirations inform their sexual decision-making and behaviour. This study employed a qualitative design involving six participatory focus group discussions and 17 in-depth interviews with AGYW in - and out-of-school. Fieldwork was undertaken in rural and urban Tanzania. Thematic analysis was conducted using NVIVO software.…
Measuring transactional sex in different contexts
Background: Adolescent girls and young women across sub-Saharan Africa are at disproportionate risk of HIV infection compared to their male counterparts. Transactional sex has been identified as an important proximate risk for infection in this population. Definitions and measures of transactional sex vary, necessitating improved measures to better estimate prevalence across settings, over time, and to understand the mechanisms through which tran…
Developing a framework for cash transfer programs that foster sustained economic empowerment to reduce sexual risk among adolescent girls and young women
Our findings suggest that providing economic resources to AGYW through CT without ensuring self-agency is unlikely to be an effective long-term intervention for economic empowerment. Using these findings we developed a framework for CT programs with three key pillars for developing self-agency: 1) emotional efficacy, to increase AGYW's perception of rewards associated with developing self-agency; 2) social efficacy, to build constructive relation…
Cross-cultural research must prioritize equitable collaboration
Research centres in low- and middle-income countries are routinely circumvented in the production of cross-cultural research on human behaviour. Where local contributions are made, collaboration is rarely equitable and often uncredited in co-authorship. Efforts to decolonize the social sciences will remain inadequate until these norms are overturned
Combining parenting and economic strengthening programmes to reduce violence against children
Introduction Parenting programmes may reduce the risk of violence against children and improve child well-being. However, additional economic support may be necessary in highly deprived rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa. Furthermore, delivering programmes within farmer groups may increase male caregiver recruitment and engagement. Methods A parallel cluster randomised controlled trial examined the combined and separate effects of parenting …
Community perspectives on the extent to which transactional sex is viewed as sexual exploitation in Central Uganda
BACKGROUND: Definitions of child sexual exploitation vary. Sexual exploitation violates children's rights and exposes them to mental and physical harm. There exist differences in views of behaviour that is considered exploitative, including transactional sex. This paper explores community perspectives on the extent to which transactional sex is considered exploitative. METHODS: In 2014, we conducted 19 focus group discussions and 44 in-depth inte…
Contradictory sexual norms and expectations for young people in rural Northern Tanzania
Women’s Bodies are Shops”
Why marry early? Parental influence, agency and gendered conflict in Tanzanian marriages
Global health interventions increasingly target the abolishment of ‘child marriage’ (marriage under 18 years, hereafter referred to as ‘early marriage’). Guided by human behavioural ecology theory, and drawing on focus groups and in-depth interviews in an urbanising Tanzanian community where female early marriage is normative, we examine the common assumption that it is driven by the interests and coercive actions of parents and/or men. We find l…
Cross-cultural research must prioritize equitable collaboration
Research centres in low- and middle-income countries are routinely circumvented in the production of cross-cultural research on human behaviour. Where local contributions are made, collaboration is rarely equitable and often uncredited in co-authorship. Efforts to decolonize the social sciences will remain inadequate until these norms are overturned
Revisiting the economics of transactional sex
Transactional sex has been identified as one of the key structural drivers of the HIV epidemic. Mainstream economic analyses of this practice primarily conceptualise transactional sex in the language of rational choice, with the focus on behavioural decisions that women make over whether to engage in transactional interactions (or not). However, whilst providing some important insights in relation to the role of poverty and the importance of ackn…
Farming with Your Hoe in a Sack
This study examines condom knowledge, attitudes, access, and practices in rural Mwanza, Tanzania. From 1999–2002, six researchers carried out participant observation in nine villages for a total of 158 person‐weeks. Many villagers perceived condoms negatively for multiple reasons, for example, the method's association with infection or promiscuity, reduced male sexual pleasure, and cultural understandings of meaningful sex. Men controlled the ter…
Aborting and Suspending Pregnancy in Rural Tanzania
The World Health Organization estimates that 3.1 percent of East African women aged 15–44 have undergone unsafe abortions. This study presents findings regarding abortion practices and beliefs among adolescents and young adults in Tanzania, where abortion is illegal. From 1999 to 2002, six researchers carried out participant observation in nine villages and conducted group discussions and interviews in three others. Most informants opposed aborti…
Manual Qualitative Data Coding Using MS Word for Students and Early Career Researchers in Resource-Constrained Settings
In recent years, the field of qualitative data collection, management, and analysis has undergone significant evolution, with researchers worldwide increasingly leveraging technological advancements to streamline and simplify their practices. Despite the advantages of using qualitative data coding software, several challenges persist, particularly in resource-constrained settings. Issues such as the high cost of software licenses, the time requir…
Why Me? Challenges Associated With Recruiting Participants for a Study Focusing on 'Wealthy Men
It is well-known that conducting research with elite groups presents a range of unique methodological challenges including gaining access to and recruiting a demographic group that is underrepresented if not entirely absent from most research. This issue is particularly pronounced when the research topic is sensitive or potentially politicized and conducted in low-income settings in which large wealth inequalities are apparent. Drawing on recent …
Perceptions, attitude and uptake of rapid syphilis testing services in antenatal clinics in North-Western Tanzania
Infection with syphilis during pregnancy could cause spontaneous abortion, low birth weight and stillbirth. To prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by syphilis, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends syphilis screening and treatment of all pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) services. Rapid syphilis testing (RST) demonstration project was introduced at ANC clinics in Tanzania in 2009, to assess the feasibility, acceptabilit…
'The man who believed he had Aids was cured'
Most people living with AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa have had neither a biomedical diagnosis nor antiretroviral medication, leading to the question of how individuals understand and treat AIDS. This study examined general illness, sexually-transmitted infection (STI) and AIDS treatment-seeking behaviour in rural Mwanza, Tanzania. From 1999-2002, participant observation was carried out in nine villages for a total of 158 person-weeks. Treatments wer…
She was bewitched and caught an illness similar to Aids’
HIV/AIDS programmes and interventions are more likely to succeed if they engage with local people's beliefs about AIDS causation. This study examined beliefs about general illness, sexually-transmitted infection (STI) and AIDS aetiology in rural Mwanza, Tanzania. From 1999-2002, participant observation was carried out in nine villages for a total of 158 person-weeks. Beliefs about general illness causation included God's will, chance, natural/bio…
Farming with Your Hoe in a Sack
This study examines condom knowledge, attitudes, access, and practices in rural Mwanza, Tanzania. From 1999–2002, six researchers carried out participant observation in nine villages for a total of 158 person‐weeks. Many villagers perceived condoms negatively for multiple reasons, for example, the method's association with infection or promiscuity, reduced male sexual pleasure, and cultural understandings of meaningful sex. Men controlled the ter…
Contradictory sexual norms and expectations for young people in rural Northern Tanzania
Aborting and Suspending Pregnancy in Rural Tanzania
The World Health Organization estimates that 3.1 percent of East African women aged 15–44 have undergone unsafe abortions. This study presents findings regarding abortion practices and beliefs among adolescents and young adults in Tanzania, where abortion is illegal. From 1999 to 2002, six researchers carried out participant observation in nine villages and conducted group discussions and interviews in three others. Most informants opposed aborti…
Transactional sex amongst young people in rural northern Tanzania
BACKGROUND: Material exchange for sex (transactional sex) may be important to sexual relationships and health in certain cultures, yet the motivations for transactional sex, its scale and consequences are still little understood. The aim of this paper is to examine young women's motivations to exchange sex for gifts or money, the way in which they negotiate transactional sex throughout their relationships, and the implications of these negotiatio…
Parent-child communication about sexual and reproductive health in rural Tanzania
BACKGROUND: Many programmes on young people and HIV/AIDS prevention have focused on the in-school and channeled sexual and reproductive health messages through schools with limited activities for the young people's families. The assumption has been that parents in African families do not talk about sexual and reproductive health (SRH) with their children. These approach has had limited success because of failure to factor in the young person's fa…
"Driving the devil away"
The roll-out of ART is taking place in a context in which the new drugs are competing with a diversity of existing options. As long as the complementarities of prayers and ART are not clearly and explicitly stated by FLs, spiritual options may be interpreted as a superior alternative and contribute to hampering adherence to ART. In contexts where ambivalent attitudes towards the new drugs prevail, enhancing FLs understanding of ART's strengths an…
Changes in sexual desires and behaviours of people living with HIV after initiation of ART
These findings point to the importance of tailoring counselling messages to the changing realities of the ART users' cultural expectations around child bearing, marriage and sexual desire. People taking ART require support so they feel comfortable to disclose their HIV status to sexual partners
Parental control and monitoring of young people's sexual behaviour in rural North-Western Tanzania
Despite parents making efforts to control and monitor their young people's sexual behaviour, they are faced with several challenges (e.g. little time spent with their children) which make it difficult for them to effectively monitor them. There is a need for interventions such as parenting skills building that might enable parents to improve their relationships with children. This would equip parents with the appropriate skills for positive guida…
Socio-economic change and parent-child relationships
This paper examines how socio-economic changes in Tanzania have impacted on parent-child relationships, in particular parental behavioural control over their children and parental influence on young people's sexual behaviour. Data came from participant observation, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with young people (14-24 years) and their parents. Socio-economic changes (education, changes in values, material needs provision) affec…
Women’s Bodies are Shops”
Recall, relevance and application of an in-school sexual and reproductive health intervention 7-9 years later
Many adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) interventions have improved knowledge and reduced reported sexual risk behaviours, but found no impact on HIV. We explored potential reasons for this in 23 in-depth interviews, conducted 7-9 years after exposure to ASRH intervention. We discussed participants' memories and views of the relevance of the in-school intervention, and their subsequent ability to apply what they had learned. While m…
‘Mum never loved me.’ How structural factors influence adolescent sexual and reproductive health through parent–child connectedness
Research in high income countries shows parent-child connectedness to be protective against undesirable sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes among young people. Little has been done to understand the nature of parent-child connectedness, the structural factors that impact on connectedness and parents' understanding of how connectedness affects their children's sexual behaviour in sub-Saharan Africa and Tanzania in particular. Ethnographi…
Dying a hero”
Better knowledge of the discourses through which young people CSPs, and how these discourses are transmitted across generations, might help develop "culturally compelling" interventions that modify these discourses to enhance sexual health
Vulnerabilities, impacts and responses to HIV/Aids in sub-Saharan Africa
A qualitative study of discourses on heterosexual anal sexual practice among key, and general populations in Tanzania
Discourses among young women and adult men across the study populations were supportive of HAS. These findings provide useful insights in understanding how different population groups talked about HAS and offer a range of terms that interventions and further research on magnitude of HAS could draw on when addressing health risks of HAS among different study populations
The structural influence of family and parenting on young people's sexual and reproductive health in rural northern Tanzania
This paper explores the structural role of the family and parenting in young people's sexual and reproductive health. The study involved eight weeks of participant observation, 26 in-depth interviews, and 11 group discussions with young people aged 14-24 years, and 20 in-depth interviews and 6 group discussions with parents/carers of children in this age group. At an individual level, parenting and family structure were found to affect young peop…
Revisiting the economics of transactional sex
Transactional sex has been identified as one of the key structural drivers of the HIV epidemic. Mainstream economic analyses of this practice primarily conceptualise transactional sex in the language of rational choice, with the focus on behavioural decisions that women make over whether to engage in transactional interactions (or not). However, whilst providing some important insights in relation to the role of poverty and the importance of ackn…
Transactional sex and risk for HIV infection in sub‐Saharan Africa
It is just the way it was in the past before I went to test’
Within the broader social context of a rural African setting, HIV prevention counselling based on a Western model of individual-level agency seems unlikely to make a significant contribution to sexual behaviour change until there is greater recognition by counsellors of the ways in which power dynamics within many relationships influence behaviour change. More culturally relevant counselling strategies and messages and infrastructural improvement…
Revisiting the understanding of “transactional sex” in sub-Saharan Africa
In sub-Saharan Africa, young women ages 15-24 have more than twice the risk of acquiring HIV as their male counterparts. A growing body of epidemiological evidence suggests that the practice of "transactional sex" may contribute to this disparity. Over the last 15 years, the social sciences have contributed significantly to understanding the meaning of and motivations for this practice. The findings from these studies are rich, but varied, render…
Perceptions, attitude and uptake of rapid syphilis testing services in antenatal clinics in North-Western Tanzania
Infection with syphilis during pregnancy could cause spontaneous abortion, low birth weight and stillbirth. To prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by syphilis, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends syphilis screening and treatment of all pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) services. Rapid syphilis testing (RST) demonstration project was introduced at ANC clinics in Tanzania in 2009, to assess the feasibility, acceptabilit…
Participatory science and innovation for improved sanitation and hygiene
The Project SHINE model shows promise as an innovative capacity building approach and as an engagement and empowerment strategy for youth and communities to develop locally sustainable strategies to improve sanitation and hygiene
Perceived, anticipated and experienced stigma
Young people - particularly girls and young women in sub-Saharan Africa - face significant challenges accessing sexual and reproductive health information and services. These challenges are shaped in part by sociocultural factors, including stigma. This paper presents findings from a qualitative study that explored the micro-level social process of stigma surrounding young people's sexual and reproductive health in two communities in Tanzania. Re…
Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (44 obras) · Medicine (41 obras) · Psychology (40 obras) · Sociology (40 obras) · Population (31 obras) · Tanzania (31 obras) · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (27 obras) · Social Psychology (25 obras) · Environmental health (24 obras) · Socioeconomics (22 obras)