Richard L Rosencrance
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 299143 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Richard L Rosencrance |
| PRENOMES | Richard L |
| SOBRENOME | Rosencrance |
| ASSINATURA | ROSENCRANCE R L |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Nevada, Reno |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9961-0874 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 19 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 35 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 19 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2018 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
Tobacco Use and Its Early Consumption with Smoking Pipes
The presence of tobacco ( Nicotiana spp.) seeds in a terminal Pleistocene cultural feature confirms human use of tobacco in the Americas for more than 12,000 years. Throughout the Americas, the practice of smoking tobacco came to be a central element in prayer and purification rituals and medical treatments, as well as part of a solemnizing ritual in diplomatic settings. However, the nature of its earliest use—whether smoked, chewed, steeped, or …
An early Holocene crescent and associated technologies at Connley Cave 6, Oregon
Crescents are flaked stone tools found throughout western North America that are often associated with waterbodies and projectile points diagnostic of the late Pleistocene and early Holocene, such as the Western Stemmed Tradition. Archaeologists continue to debate the function of crescents and they remain poorly dated outside of the Channel Islands. Here we report a crescent from recent excavations at Connley Cave 6 in central Oregon and provide …
"Comment on "Retiring the Projectile Point Series Concept and Chronology in the Great Basin and Colorado Plateau
The Western Stemmed Tradition Components of Last Supper Cave, Nevada
Last Supper Cave (LSC) is located in northwestern Nevada. It was excavated by Thomas Layton in the early 1970s. Layton recovered Western Stemmed Tradition (WST) points and other stone tools from the cave’s lower strata suggesting that people visited the site during the early Holocene – a possibility subsequently confirmed by radiocarbon dating. Despite the fact that LSC contained a stratified record of human use spanning the Holocene, the collect…
Stemmed Points Across the Continent
Early stemmed projectile points are rarely viewed as a continent-wide phenomenon and historically have been given a minimal role in the peopling of the Western Hemisphere. Recent finds of stemmed points dating to older than 13,000 calendar years ago in the Far West have begun to seriously change these long-held ideas about early unshouldered stemmed points, yet most researchers remain focused within their own regional boundaries, limiting potenti…
Bayesian Analysis of Haskett Projectile Point Radiocarbon Dates in the Intermountain West Demonstrates Contemporaneity with Clovis and Folsom Points
We evaluate existing radiocarbon dates at sites containing Haskett stemmed projectile points, present 12 new dates from 5 components at 4 sites, and model the age of Haskett points in a multiphase Bayesian framework with trapezium boundaries. We present multiple models with variable prior information to explore the impacts of different interpretations of the archaeological record, and ultimately favor a model where Haskett points appeared between…
Western Stemmed Tradition Projectile Point Chronology in the Intermountain West
Experimental Observations on Processing Leather, Skin, and Parchment for Radiocarbon Dating
Skin-based samples (leather, skin, and parchment) in archaeological, historic and museum settings are among the most challenging materials to radiocarbon ( 14 C) date in terms of removing exogenous carbon sources—comparable to bone collagen in many respects but with much less empirical study to guide pretreatment approaches. In the case of leather, the 14 C content of materials used in manufacturing the leather can vary greatly. The presence of l…
Frost Action during the Younger Dryas Inferred from Soil Micromorphology at Connley Cave 5, Oregon
The Younger Dryas chronozone is an abrupt climate event terminating the last glacial period ∼12,900–11,700 calendar years ago marked by rapid changes in regional human, floral, and faunal population dynamics across the globe. Working at Connley Cave 5 in the Fort Rock Basin, Oregon, we demonstrate that this cold event generated microscopic cryogenic features (frost action) which can be used to identify the presence of the Younger Dryas in the nor…
Does the evidence at Arroyo del Vizcaíno (Uruguay) support the claim of human occupation 30,000 years ago
Researchers at Arroyo del Vizcaíno (AdV), Uruguay, have argued that human occupation dates prior to the Last Glacial Maximum (33,000–31,000 cal BP) based on the presence of purported stone tools and cutmarks on bones. We provide a summary of their research and critically evaluate these claims. We conclude that the claims of a pre-LGM occupation at AdV are unsupported due to: (1) equivocal evidence that the purported stone tools are culturally mod…
Dating and Analysis of Western Stemmed Toolkits from the Legacy Collection of Connley Cave 4, Oregon
Stephen Bedwell excavated the Connley Caves in 1967 and 1968, uncovering dense Western Stemmed Tradition assemblages in the lowest deposits. Reporting a series of radiocarbon dates between 11,200 ± 200 14C yr BP and 9150 ± 150 14C yr BP, he suggested the earliest human occupation of Cave 4 dated to ∼11,000 14C yr BP. Subsequent researchers have questioned the veracity of his claim and the reliability of his data. We revisit Bedwell’s investigatio…
Leonard Rockshelter Revisited
Robert Heizer excavated Leonard Rockshelter (26Pe14) in western Nevada more than 70 years ago. He described stratified cultural deposits spanning the Holocene. He also reported obsidian flakes purportedly associated with late Pleistocene sediments, suggesting that human use extended even farther back in time. Because Heizer never produced a final report, Leonard Rockshelter faded into obscurity despite the possibility that it might contain a Clov…
Expanding Paleoindian Diet Breadth
Paleoethnobotanical perspectives are essential for understanding past lifeways yet continue to be underrepresented in Paleoindian research. We present new archaeobotanical and radiocarbon data from combustion features within stratified cultural components at Connley Caves, Oregon, that reaffirm the inclusion of plants in the diet of Paleoindian groups. Botanical remains from three features in Connley Cave 5 show that people foraged for diverse dr…
Over the hills and far away
The archaeology of the eastern West Virginia uplands remains significantly understudied compared to other areas of the Appalachian Plateau. Bettye Broyles’ excavations at the Hyre Mound site (46RD1) in 1963 recovered a variety of artifacts within and directly adjacent to a burial mound but the excavations remain largely unpublished. We provide a report of Broyles’ excavations, new radiocarbon dates, and an analysis of the lithic raw material freq…
Reassessing the Radiocarbon Date from the Buhl Burial from South-Central Idaho and Its Relevance to the Western Stemmed Tradition-Clovis Debate in the Intermountain West
A single radiocarbon date derived from the Buhl burial in south-central Idaho has frequently been used as a data point for the interpretation of the Western Stemmed Tradition (WST) chronology and technology because of the stemmed biface found in situ with the human remains. AMS dating of bone collagen in 1991 produced an age of 10,675 ± 95 14C BP, immediately postdating the most widely accepted age range for Clovis. The Buhl burial has been cited…
Reinvestigating Cougar Mountain Cave
Cougar Mountain Cave is located in Oregon's Fort Rock Basin. In 1958, avocationalist John Cowles excavated most of the cave's deposits and recovered abundant fiber, lithic, wood, and osseous artifacts. A crew from the University of California, Davis returned to the site in 1966 to evaluate the potential for further research, collecting additional lithic and fiber artifacts from disturbed deposits and in situ charcoal from apparently undisturbed d…
Technological change and interior settlement on western Santa Rosa Island, California
A First Look at the Terminal Pleistocene/Early Holocene Record of Guano Valley, Oregon, USA
Surface sites play a vital role in interpreting terminal Pleistocene/early Holocene (TP/EH) lifeways in the Great Basin. Two years of work in Oregon’s Guano Valley by crews from the University of Nevada, Reno have revealed a rich record of Western Stemmed Tradition occupations associated with an extensive delta system that brought freshwater into the valley from the adjacent tablelands. To date, we have recorded nearly 700 diagnostic TP/EH artifa…
Paleoindian Artifacts of West Virginia
Paleoindian era archaeological materials remain significantly understudied in West Virginia. This brief provides the first summary of West Virginian Paleoindian artifacts in 50 years and reports 13 newly identified specimens. Most artifacts derive from the Ohio and Kanawha river valleys but new finds including fluted, Quad, Beaver Lake, and Dalton point types from some of the most mountainous portions of the state suggest that early groups also u…
Expanding Paleoindian Diet Breadth
Paleoethnobotanical perspectives are essential for understanding past lifeways yet continue to be underrepresented in Paleoindian research. We present new archaeobotanical and radiocarbon data from combustion features within stratified cultural components at Connley Caves, Oregon, that reaffirm the inclusion of plants in the diet of Paleoindian groups. Botanical remains from three features in Connley Cave 5 show that people foraged for diverse dr…
Reinvestigating Cougar Mountain Cave
Cougar Mountain Cave is located in Oregon's Fort Rock Basin. In 1958, avocationalist John Cowles excavated most of the cave's deposits and recovered abundant fiber, lithic, wood, and osseous artifacts. A crew from the University of California, Davis returned to the site in 1966 to evaluate the potential for further research, collecting additional lithic and fiber artifacts from disturbed deposits and in situ charcoal from apparently undisturbed d…
Does the evidence at Arroyo del Vizcaíno (Uruguay) support the claim of human occupation 30,000 years ago
Researchers at Arroyo del Vizcaíno (AdV), Uruguay, have argued that human occupation dates prior to the Last Glacial Maximum (33,000–31,000 cal BP) based on the presence of purported stone tools and cutmarks on bones. We provide a summary of their research and critically evaluate these claims. We conclude that the claims of a pre-LGM occupation at AdV are unsupported due to: (1) equivocal evidence that the purported stone tools are culturally mod…
Dating and Analysis of Western Stemmed Toolkits from the Legacy Collection of Connley Cave 4, Oregon
Stephen Bedwell excavated the Connley Caves in 1967 and 1968, uncovering dense Western Stemmed Tradition assemblages in the lowest deposits. Reporting a series of radiocarbon dates between 11,200 ± 200 14C yr BP and 9150 ± 150 14C yr BP, he suggested the earliest human occupation of Cave 4 dated to ∼11,000 14C yr BP. Subsequent researchers have questioned the veracity of his claim and the reliability of his data. We revisit Bedwell’s investigatio…
Experimental Observations on Processing Leather, Skin, and Parchment for Radiocarbon Dating
Skin-based samples (leather, skin, and parchment) in archaeological, historic and museum settings are among the most challenging materials to radiocarbon ( 14 C) date in terms of removing exogenous carbon sources—comparable to bone collagen in many respects but with much less empirical study to guide pretreatment approaches. In the case of leather, the 14 C content of materials used in manufacturing the leather can vary greatly. The presence of l…
Leonard Rockshelter Revisited
Robert Heizer excavated Leonard Rockshelter (26Pe14) in western Nevada more than 70 years ago. He described stratified cultural deposits spanning the Holocene. He also reported obsidian flakes purportedly associated with late Pleistocene sediments, suggesting that human use extended even farther back in time. Because Heizer never produced a final report, Leonard Rockshelter faded into obscurity despite the possibility that it might contain a Clov…
Reassessing the Radiocarbon Date from the Buhl Burial from South-Central Idaho and Its Relevance to the Western Stemmed Tradition-Clovis Debate in the Intermountain West
A single radiocarbon date derived from the Buhl burial in south-central Idaho has frequently been used as a data point for the interpretation of the Western Stemmed Tradition (WST) chronology and technology because of the stemmed biface found in situ with the human remains. AMS dating of bone collagen in 1991 produced an age of 10,675 ± 95 14C BP, immediately postdating the most widely accepted age range for Clovis. The Buhl burial has been cited…
"Comment on "Retiring the Projectile Point Series Concept and Chronology in the Great Basin and Colorado Plateau
Over the hills and far away
The archaeology of the eastern West Virginia uplands remains significantly understudied compared to other areas of the Appalachian Plateau. Bettye Broyles’ excavations at the Hyre Mound site (46RD1) in 1963 recovered a variety of artifacts within and directly adjacent to a burial mound but the excavations remain largely unpublished. We provide a report of Broyles’ excavations, new radiocarbon dates, and an analysis of the lithic raw material freq…
Technological change and interior settlement on western Santa Rosa Island, California
A First Look at the Terminal Pleistocene/Early Holocene Record of Guano Valley, Oregon, USA
Surface sites play a vital role in interpreting terminal Pleistocene/early Holocene (TP/EH) lifeways in the Great Basin. Two years of work in Oregon’s Guano Valley by crews from the University of Nevada, Reno have revealed a rich record of Western Stemmed Tradition occupations associated with an extensive delta system that brought freshwater into the valley from the adjacent tablelands. To date, we have recorded nearly 700 diagnostic TP/EH artifa…
Paleoindian Artifacts of West Virginia
Paleoindian era archaeological materials remain significantly understudied in West Virginia. This brief provides the first summary of West Virginian Paleoindian artifacts in 50 years and reports 13 newly identified specimens. Most artifacts derive from the Ohio and Kanawha river valleys but new finds including fluted, Quad, Beaver Lake, and Dalton point types from some of the most mountainous portions of the state suggest that early groups also u…
Reinvestigating Cougar Mountain Cave
Cougar Mountain Cave is located in Oregon's Fort Rock Basin. In 1958, avocationalist John Cowles excavated most of the cave's deposits and recovered abundant fiber, lithic, wood, and osseous artifacts. A crew from the University of California, Davis returned to the site in 1966 to evaluate the potential for further research, collecting additional lithic and fiber artifacts from disturbed deposits and in situ charcoal from apparently undisturbed d…
Technological change and interior settlement on western Santa Rosa Island, California
Over the hills and far away
The archaeology of the eastern West Virginia uplands remains significantly understudied compared to other areas of the Appalachian Plateau. Bettye Broyles’ excavations at the Hyre Mound site (46RD1) in 1963 recovered a variety of artifacts within and directly adjacent to a burial mound but the excavations remain largely unpublished. We provide a report of Broyles’ excavations, new radiocarbon dates, and an analysis of the lithic raw material freq…
Reassessing the Radiocarbon Date from the Buhl Burial from South-Central Idaho and Its Relevance to the Western Stemmed Tradition-Clovis Debate in the Intermountain West
A single radiocarbon date derived from the Buhl burial in south-central Idaho has frequently been used as a data point for the interpretation of the Western Stemmed Tradition (WST) chronology and technology because of the stemmed biface found in situ with the human remains. AMS dating of bone collagen in 1991 produced an age of 10,675 ± 95 14C BP, immediately postdating the most widely accepted age range for Clovis. The Buhl burial has been cited…
Does the evidence at Arroyo del Vizcaíno (Uruguay) support the claim of human occupation 30,000 years ago
Researchers at Arroyo del Vizcaíno (AdV), Uruguay, have argued that human occupation dates prior to the Last Glacial Maximum (33,000–31,000 cal BP) based on the presence of purported stone tools and cutmarks on bones. We provide a summary of their research and critically evaluate these claims. We conclude that the claims of a pre-LGM occupation at AdV are unsupported due to: (1) equivocal evidence that the purported stone tools are culturally mod…
Dating and Analysis of Western Stemmed Toolkits from the Legacy Collection of Connley Cave 4, Oregon
Stephen Bedwell excavated the Connley Caves in 1967 and 1968, uncovering dense Western Stemmed Tradition assemblages in the lowest deposits. Reporting a series of radiocarbon dates between 11,200 ± 200 14C yr BP and 9150 ± 150 14C yr BP, he suggested the earliest human occupation of Cave 4 dated to ∼11,000 14C yr BP. Subsequent researchers have questioned the veracity of his claim and the reliability of his data. We revisit Bedwell’s investigatio…
Leonard Rockshelter Revisited
Robert Heizer excavated Leonard Rockshelter (26Pe14) in western Nevada more than 70 years ago. He described stratified cultural deposits spanning the Holocene. He also reported obsidian flakes purportedly associated with late Pleistocene sediments, suggesting that human use extended even farther back in time. Because Heizer never produced a final report, Leonard Rockshelter faded into obscurity despite the possibility that it might contain a Clov…
Expanding Paleoindian Diet Breadth
Paleoethnobotanical perspectives are essential for understanding past lifeways yet continue to be underrepresented in Paleoindian research. We present new archaeobotanical and radiocarbon data from combustion features within stratified cultural components at Connley Caves, Oregon, that reaffirm the inclusion of plants in the diet of Paleoindian groups. Botanical remains from three features in Connley Cave 5 show that people foraged for diverse dr…
Frost Action during the Younger Dryas Inferred from Soil Micromorphology at Connley Cave 5, Oregon
The Younger Dryas chronozone is an abrupt climate event terminating the last glacial period ∼12,900–11,700 calendar years ago marked by rapid changes in regional human, floral, and faunal population dynamics across the globe. Working at Connley Cave 5 in the Fort Rock Basin, Oregon, we demonstrate that this cold event generated microscopic cryogenic features (frost action) which can be used to identify the presence of the Younger Dryas in the nor…
The Western Stemmed Tradition Components of Last Supper Cave, Nevada
Last Supper Cave (LSC) is located in northwestern Nevada. It was excavated by Thomas Layton in the early 1970s. Layton recovered Western Stemmed Tradition (WST) points and other stone tools from the cave’s lower strata suggesting that people visited the site during the early Holocene – a possibility subsequently confirmed by radiocarbon dating. Despite the fact that LSC contained a stratified record of human use spanning the Holocene, the collect…
Stemmed Points Across the Continent
Early stemmed projectile points are rarely viewed as a continent-wide phenomenon and historically have been given a minimal role in the peopling of the Western Hemisphere. Recent finds of stemmed points dating to older than 13,000 calendar years ago in the Far West have begun to seriously change these long-held ideas about early unshouldered stemmed points, yet most researchers remain focused within their own regional boundaries, limiting potenti…
Bayesian Analysis of Haskett Projectile Point Radiocarbon Dates in the Intermountain West Demonstrates Contemporaneity with Clovis and Folsom Points
We evaluate existing radiocarbon dates at sites containing Haskett stemmed projectile points, present 12 new dates from 5 components at 4 sites, and model the age of Haskett points in a multiphase Bayesian framework with trapezium boundaries. We present multiple models with variable prior information to explore the impacts of different interpretations of the archaeological record, and ultimately favor a model where Haskett points appeared between…
Western Stemmed Tradition Projectile Point Chronology in the Intermountain West
Experimental Observations on Processing Leather, Skin, and Parchment for Radiocarbon Dating
Skin-based samples (leather, skin, and parchment) in archaeological, historic and museum settings are among the most challenging materials to radiocarbon ( 14 C) date in terms of removing exogenous carbon sources—comparable to bone collagen in many respects but with much less empirical study to guide pretreatment approaches. In the case of leather, the 14 C content of materials used in manufacturing the leather can vary greatly. The presence of l…
"Comment on "Retiring the Projectile Point Series Concept and Chronology in the Great Basin and Colorado Plateau
Tobacco Use and Its Early Consumption with Smoking Pipes
The presence of tobacco ( Nicotiana spp.) seeds in a terminal Pleistocene cultural feature confirms human use of tobacco in the Americas for more than 12,000 years. Throughout the Americas, the practice of smoking tobacco came to be a central element in prayer and purification rituals and medical treatments, as well as part of a solemnizing ritual in diplomatic settings. However, the nature of its earliest use—whether smoked, chewed, steeped, or …
An early Holocene crescent and associated technologies at Connley Cave 6, Oregon
Crescents are flaked stone tools found throughout western North America that are often associated with waterbodies and projectile points diagnostic of the late Pleistocene and early Holocene, such as the Western Stemmed Tradition. Archaeologists continue to debate the function of crescents and they remain poorly dated outside of the Channel Islands. Here we report a crescent from recent excavations at Connley Cave 6 in central Oregon and provide …
Archaeology (16 obras) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (16 obras) · Geography (15 obras) · Geology (12 obras) · Geology and Paleoclimatology Research (12 obras) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (12 obras) · Radiocarbon dating (11 obras) · Pleistocene (9 obras) · Holocene (8 obras) · Cave (6 obras)