David D Clarke
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 306933 |
|---|---|
| NOME | David D Clarke |
| PRENOMES | David D |
| SOBRENOME | Clarke |
| ASSINATURA | CLARKE D D |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Nottingham |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4003-0151 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 34 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 95 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 33 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1979 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2023 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Deceptive indicators
Correctly identifying when an individual is lying based on their nonverbal communication has been a central aim of researchers and practitioners. Traditionally, research has focused on individual ‘tells’ or indicators of deception. More recently, researchers have focused on clusters and sequences of nonverbal gestures; however, these methods can lead to complex outputs that are difficult to interpret. The current research uses a newly developed t…
A comparison of temporal pathways to self-harm in young people compared to adults
Commonalities and differences in the temporal organisation of factors leading to and following self-harm were identified in young people and adult pathways which shed light on age-specific factors and possible points of intervention. This has implications for clinical support and services around approaches to positive feelings after self-harm (especially for first-ever self-harm), feeling of burdensomeness, impulsivity, and acquired capability le…
Behavior Sequencing Violent Episodes in Forensic Youth Populations
Every year, more children and youths are sent to Secure Children’s Homes while moving through the criminal justice system. Aggressive and violent incidents in these settings are common, and staff are often required to intervene and restrain violent individuals. The research literature has many examples of aggression and violence questionnaires and measures; however, for staff in communal areas it is the observable behaviors that they react to mos…
An interpretative phenomenological analysis of young people's self-harm in the context of interpersonal stressors and supports
An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the experience of self-harm repetition and recovery in young adults
Six young adults (aged 19–21 years) with repeat self-harm for over 5 years were interviewed about their self-harm, why they continued and what factors might help them to stop. Interpretative phenomenological analysis identified six themes: keeping self-harm private and hidden; self-harm as self-punishment; self-harm provides relief and comfort; habituation and escalation of self-harm; emotional gains and practical costs of cutting, and not believ…
Nature and Degree of Childhood Abuse in Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures
Psychosomatic Medicine: January 2011 - Volume 73 - Issue 1 - p 112 doi: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3182056cea
Timelines, talk and transcription
Linguists and other social scientists have employed many transcription conventions to exhibit the temporal interleaving of multi-speaker talk. The existence of many different systems, which are mutually incompatible, is evidence that representing spoken discourse remains problematic. This study proposes a novel orthographic transcription layout based on word timings. To test this method, the Maptask corpus (Anderson et al. 1991) is used because i…
Risks and benefits of nanotechnology
Attitudes to nanotechnology are widely studied and are changing fast. An experiment comparing young peoples' attitudes to nanomedicine and conventional treatment was conducted on 434 undergraduate students. They answered a number of questions about a hypothetical arthritis sufferer who was to be treated with a drug or a newly invented nanomedical technique, and requiring either one treatment or several. They were more influenced by the difference…
Polysemy
About fifty years ago, Stephen Ullmann wrote that polysemy is 'the pivot of semantic analysis'. Fifty years on, polysemy has become one of the hottest topics in linguistics and in the cognitive sciences at large. The book deals with the topic from a wide variety of viewpoints. The cognitive approach is supplemented and supported by diachronic, psycholinguistic, developmental, comparative, and computational perspectives. The chapters, written by s…
Anatomy of a media event
This paper studies the distinctive role that staged media events play in the public understanding of genetics: they can focus the attention of the media, scientists and the public on the risks and benefits of genetic advances, in our case, cloning; they can accelerate policy changes by exposing scientific, legal and ethical uncertainties; the use of images, metaphors, cliches, and cultural narratives by scientists and the media engaged in this ev…
The First ‘Designer Baby’
The public do not like, and we do not like the idea of designer babies (Ruth Deech, then Chair of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, quoted in The Independent, 18 October 2000). We are all on the slippery slope-the question we should be asking is: skis or crampons (Professor John Harris, The Centre for Social Ethics and Policy, University of Manchester, in an interview with Susan Johnson). LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL GROUNDING OF THE D…
The Book of Life
The production of a 'working draft' of the human genome was announced on 26 June 2000 at a linked US/UK press conference involving President Clinton and Prime Minister Blair. This article analyses the politicians' speeches, the accompanying press releases, with contributions from leading scientists associated with the project and British national newspaper coverage of this event. We ask why research on the human genome has not led to widespread n…
Serial metonymy
Metonymy has been studied for at least two thousand years by rhetoricians, for two hundred years by historical semanticists, and for about ten years by cognitive linguists. However, they all have neglected one peculiar aspect of metonymy: its serial nature. Metonymic chains are either synchronic lexicalised chains, as in the case of paper (material, product, contents) or diachronic chains, as in the case of lavatory (container, room, special room…
Mind, meaning and metaphor
This article explores a German philosophy of metaphor, which proposed a close link between the body and the mind as the basis for metaphor, debunked the view that metaphor is just a decorative rhetorical device and questioned the distinction between the literal and the figurative. This philosophy of metaphor developed at the intersection between a reflection on language and thought and a reflection on the nature of beauty in aesthetics. Thinkers …
Ambiguities we live by
Clones and Crops
Metaphors used in news reports and on the Internet, such as "cloned organs are farmed," "genetically modified plants are killers," and so on, can be grouped or classified into higher order metaphors such as "CLONES ARE PLANTS" and "PLANTS ARE HUMANS." But reports on cloning and genetically modified (GM) plants use more than metaphors. We claim that cloning often was debated in terms of stock characters, such as Frankenstein's monster, taken from …
Semantic fields and frames
Pragmatics
The Influence of Popular Cultural Imagery on Public Attitudes towards Cloning
This article shows how public attitudes towards cloning and geneticallymodified food and crops are influenced by dystopian science fictionliterature, films, images and metaphors. We analyse a body of textsproduced in the wake of the announcement of the successful cloning of Dollythe sheep by the Roslin Institute in February 1997, using methods fromdiscourse analysis and cognitive semantics. It is hoped that a betterunderstanding of the emergence …
Help-seeking among students
The rise in student numbers at UK higher education institutions in recent years has led to increasing uncertainty among academic staff about the role they should play in relation to students with problems. One way of addressing uncertainties of this sort is to clarify the expectations of the various constituencies involved. Certainly academic staff are seen by their employers as one component of the helping networks that operate within their inst…
The linguistic repudiation of Wundt
The linguistic repudiation of Wundt
Wilhelm Wundt's influence on the development of linguistics and psychology was pervasive. The foundations for this web of influence on the sciences of mind and language were laid down in Wundt's own research program, which was quite different from other attempts at founding a new psychology, as it was deeply rooted in German philosophy. This resulted in certain gaps in Wundt's conception of mind and language. These gaps provoked a double repudiat…
La pragmatique avant Austin
Pragmatics as a field of linguistic inquiry was born in the 1930s when Austin began to think about a new conception of meaning in the context of human action. However, there was a pragmatics before pragmatics, that is, a reflection on meaning with reference to the situation in which meaning is produced via language, with reference to the construction of meaning in the situation of linguistic interaction, with reference to human action in general,…
Using Language
Polysemy
40 years ago Stephen Ullmann wrote that polysemy was the pivot of semantics. He was referring then to traditional synchronic and diachronic semantics. Nowadays, some 40 years later, polysemy has again become a central topic in cognitive semantics. This article traces the history of this important concept, from Antiquity to the first half of the 20th century. Bréal’s treatment of polysemy is the pivot around which the article itself turns, as it w…
Ambiguities we live by
Language, action and context linguistic pragmatics in Europe and America (1800–1950)
The First ‘Designer Baby’
The public do not like, and we do not like the idea of designer babies (Ruth Deech, then Chair of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, quoted in The Independent, 18 October 2000). We are all on the slippery slope-the question we should be asking is: skis or crampons (Professor John Harris, The Centre for Social Ethics and Policy, University of Manchester, in an interview with Susan Johnson). LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL GROUNDING OF THE D…
Semantic fields and frames
The Influence of Popular Cultural Imagery on Public Attitudes towards Cloning
This article shows how public attitudes towards cloning and geneticallymodified food and crops are influenced by dystopian science fictionliterature, films, images and metaphors. We analyse a body of textsproduced in the wake of the announcement of the successful cloning of Dollythe sheep by the Roslin Institute in February 1997, using methods fromdiscourse analysis and cognitive semantics. It is hoped that a betterunderstanding of the emergence …
An interpretative phenomenological analysis of young people's self-harm in the context of interpersonal stressors and supports
An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the experience of self-harm repetition and recovery in young adults
Six young adults (aged 19–21 years) with repeat self-harm for over 5 years were interviewed about their self-harm, why they continued and what factors might help them to stop. Interpretative phenomenological analysis identified six themes: keeping self-harm private and hidden; self-harm as self-punishment; self-harm provides relief and comfort; habituation and escalation of self-harm; emotional gains and practical costs of cutting, and not believ…
The Book of Life
The production of a 'working draft' of the human genome was announced on 26 June 2000 at a linked US/UK press conference involving President Clinton and Prime Minister Blair. This article analyses the politicians' speeches, the accompanying press releases, with contributions from leading scientists associated with the project and British national newspaper coverage of this event. We ask why research on the human genome has not led to widespread n…
Pragmatics
Mind, meaning and metaphor
This article explores a German philosophy of metaphor, which proposed a close link between the body and the mind as the basis for metaphor, debunked the view that metaphor is just a decorative rhetorical device and questioned the distinction between the literal and the figurative. This philosophy of metaphor developed at the intersection between a reflection on language and thought and a reflection on the nature of beauty in aesthetics. Thinkers …
The linguistic repudiation of Wundt
Wilhelm Wundt's influence on the development of linguistics and psychology was pervasive. The foundations for this web of influence on the sciences of mind and language were laid down in Wundt's own research program, which was quite different from other attempts at founding a new psychology, as it was deeply rooted in German philosophy. This resulted in certain gaps in Wundt's conception of mind and language. These gaps provoked a double repudiat…
The Characteristic Affective Tone of Seven Classes of Interpersonal Relationship
Serial metonymy
Metonymy has been studied for at least two thousand years by rhetoricians, for two hundred years by historical semanticists, and for about ten years by cognitive linguists. However, they all have neglected one peculiar aspect of metonymy: its serial nature. Metonymic chains are either synchronic lexicalised chains, as in the case of paper (material, product, contents) or diachronic chains, as in the case of lavatory (container, room, special room…
Timelines, talk and transcription
Linguists and other social scientists have employed many transcription conventions to exhibit the temporal interleaving of multi-speaker talk. The existence of many different systems, which are mutually incompatible, is evidence that representing spoken discourse remains problematic. This study proposes a novel orthographic transcription layout based on word timings. To test this method, the Maptask corpus (Anderson et al. 1991) is used because i…
Pragmatic conditional reasoning
Conjoint Time-Budgeting
Thirty married couples reported their activity patterns over a typical month by allocating twelve activity categories to a time-based strip chart. This was done independently by husbands and wives. The data were then coded into `conjoint matrices' showing the amount of time spent in each combination of husband's and wife's activities. The conjoint patterns were factor and cluster analysed to show how each person's activities grouped together when…
Orders of approximation to English dialogue
Making Sense of Ethogeny
Making Sense of Ethogeny
Orders of approximation to English dialogue
The future machine
Language and Action
The Characteristic Affective Tone of Seven Classes of Interpersonal Relationship
Conjoint Time-Budgeting
Thirty married couples reported their activity patterns over a typical month by allocating twelve activity categories to a time-based strip chart. This was done independently by husbands and wives. The data were then coded into `conjoint matrices' showing the amount of time spent in each combination of husband's and wife's activities. The conjoint patterns were factor and cluster analysed to show how each person's activities grouped together when…
Pragmatic conditional reasoning
Word-waves
Language, action and context linguistic pragmatics in Europe and America (1800–1950)
Polysemy
40 years ago Stephen Ullmann wrote that polysemy was the pivot of semantics. He was referring then to traditional synchronic and diachronic semantics. Nowadays, some 40 years later, polysemy has again become a central topic in cognitive semantics. This article traces the history of this important concept, from Antiquity to the first half of the 20th century. Bréal’s treatment of polysemy is the pivot around which the article itself turns, as it w…
Help-seeking among students
The rise in student numbers at UK higher education institutions in recent years has led to increasing uncertainty among academic staff about the role they should play in relation to students with problems. One way of addressing uncertainties of this sort is to clarify the expectations of the various constituencies involved. Certainly academic staff are seen by their employers as one component of the helping networks that operate within their inst…
The linguistic repudiation of Wundt
The linguistic repudiation of Wundt
Wilhelm Wundt's influence on the development of linguistics and psychology was pervasive. The foundations for this web of influence on the sciences of mind and language were laid down in Wundt's own research program, which was quite different from other attempts at founding a new psychology, as it was deeply rooted in German philosophy. This resulted in certain gaps in Wundt's conception of mind and language. These gaps provoked a double repudiat…
La pragmatique avant Austin
Pragmatics as a field of linguistic inquiry was born in the 1930s when Austin began to think about a new conception of meaning in the context of human action. However, there was a pragmatics before pragmatics, that is, a reflection on meaning with reference to the situation in which meaning is produced via language, with reference to the construction of meaning in the situation of linguistic interaction, with reference to human action in general,…
Using Language
Pragmatics
The Influence of Popular Cultural Imagery on Public Attitudes towards Cloning
This article shows how public attitudes towards cloning and geneticallymodified food and crops are influenced by dystopian science fictionliterature, films, images and metaphors. We analyse a body of textsproduced in the wake of the announcement of the successful cloning of Dollythe sheep by the Roslin Institute in February 1997, using methods fromdiscourse analysis and cognitive semantics. It is hoped that a betterunderstanding of the emergence …
Clones and Crops
Metaphors used in news reports and on the Internet, such as "cloned organs are farmed," "genetically modified plants are killers," and so on, can be grouped or classified into higher order metaphors such as "CLONES ARE PLANTS" and "PLANTS ARE HUMANS." But reports on cloning and genetically modified (GM) plants use more than metaphors. We claim that cloning often was debated in terms of stock characters, such as Frankenstein's monster, taken from …
Semantic fields and frames
Serial metonymy
Metonymy has been studied for at least two thousand years by rhetoricians, for two hundred years by historical semanticists, and for about ten years by cognitive linguists. However, they all have neglected one peculiar aspect of metonymy: its serial nature. Metonymic chains are either synchronic lexicalised chains, as in the case of paper (material, product, contents) or diachronic chains, as in the case of lavatory (container, room, special room…
Mind, meaning and metaphor
This article explores a German philosophy of metaphor, which proposed a close link between the body and the mind as the basis for metaphor, debunked the view that metaphor is just a decorative rhetorical device and questioned the distinction between the literal and the figurative. This philosophy of metaphor developed at the intersection between a reflection on language and thought and a reflection on the nature of beauty in aesthetics. Thinkers …
Ambiguities we live by
The Book of Life
The production of a 'working draft' of the human genome was announced on 26 June 2000 at a linked US/UK press conference involving President Clinton and Prime Minister Blair. This article analyses the politicians' speeches, the accompanying press releases, with contributions from leading scientists associated with the project and British national newspaper coverage of this event. We ask why research on the human genome has not led to widespread n…
Polysemy
About fifty years ago, Stephen Ullmann wrote that polysemy is 'the pivot of semantic analysis'. Fifty years on, polysemy has become one of the hottest topics in linguistics and in the cognitive sciences at large. The book deals with the topic from a wide variety of viewpoints. The cognitive approach is supplemented and supported by diachronic, psycholinguistic, developmental, comparative, and computational perspectives. The chapters, written by s…
Anatomy of a media event
This paper studies the distinctive role that staged media events play in the public understanding of genetics: they can focus the attention of the media, scientists and the public on the risks and benefits of genetic advances, in our case, cloning; they can accelerate policy changes by exposing scientific, legal and ethical uncertainties; the use of images, metaphors, cliches, and cultural narratives by scientists and the media engaged in this ev…
Psychology (22 obras) · Linguistics (18 obras) · Philosophy (17 obras) · Computer Science (12 obras) · Language, Metaphor, and Cognition (10 obras) · Sociology (10 obras) · Philosophy (9 obras) · Art (6 obras) · Epistemology (6 obras) · Historical Linguistics and Language Studies (6 obras)