Michael R Cranfield
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3072789 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Michael R Cranfield |
| PRENOMES | Michael R |
| SOBRENOME | Cranfield |
| ASSINATURA | CRANFIELD M R |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Mountain Gorilla Veterinary Project University of California at Davis California 95616 |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 17 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 58 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 17 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2004 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2023 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Simian homologues of human herpesviruses and implications for novel viral introduction to free‐living mountain gorillas
The endangered mountain gorilla ( Gorilla beringei beringei ) in Rwanda, Uganda, and the Democratic Republic of Congo is frequently in contact with humans through tourism, research activities, and illegal entry of people into protected gorilla habitat. Herpesviruses, which are ubiquitous in primates, have the potential to be shared in any setting where humans and gorillas share habitat. Based on serological findings and clinical observations of o…
Great ape health watch
Pathological lesions of the digestive tract in free‐ranging mountain gorillas ( Gorilla beringei beringei )
The finding of parasites and bacterial pathogens in mountain gorilla feces and oral lesions in gorilla skeletal remains has not been linked to pathological evidence of morbidity or mortality. In the current study, we conducted a retrospective study of digestive tracts including oral cavity, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, intestines (gastrointestinal tract [GI]), liver, and pancreas of 60 free‐ranging mountain gorillas from Uganda, Rwanda, a…
Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Detected in Mountain Gorilla Respiratory Outbreaks
Respiratory illness (RI) accounts for a large proportion of mortalities in mountain gorillas ( Gorilla beringei beringei ), and fatal outbreaks, including disease caused by human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infections, have heightened concern about the risk of human pathogen transmission to this endangered species, which is not only critically important to the biodiversity of its ecosystem but also to the economies of the surrounding human communities…
Faster growth corresponds with shallower linear hypoplastic defects in great ape canines
Quantifying linear enamel hypoplasia in Virunga Mountain gorillas and other great apes
OBJECTIVE: Linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) is a condition marked by localized reductions in enamel thickness, resulting from growth disruptions during dental development. We use quantitative criteria to characterize the depth of LEH defects and "normal" perikymata in great apes. We test the hypothesis that mountain gorillas have shallow defects compared to other taxa, which may have led to their underestimation in previous studies. MATERIALS AND M…
Incisor tooth wear and age determination in mountain gorillas from Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda
OBJECTIVES: Ecological factors, but also tooth-to-tooth contact over time, have a dramatic effect on tooth wear in primates. The aim of this study is to test whether incisor tooth wear changes predictably with age and can thus be used as an age estimation method in a wild population of mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) from Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda. MATERIALS AND METHODS: ) as a proxy for incisal macrowear. Linear and quadratic…
Body mass estimation in hominoids
Morbidity and mortality in infant mountain gorillas ( Gorilla beringei beringei )
Long-term studies of morbidity and mortality in free-ranging primates are scarce, but may have important implications for the conservation of extant populations. Infants comprise a particularly important age group, as variation in survival rates may have a strong influence on population dynamics. Since 1968, the Mountain Gorilla Veterinary Project (MGVP, Inc.) and government partners have conducted a comprehensive health monitoring and disease in…
A radiographic study of permanent molar development in wild Virunga mountain gorillas of known chronological age from R wanda
OBJECTIVES: While dental development is important to life history investigations, data from wild known-aged great apes are scarce. We report on the first radiographic examination of dental development in wild Virunga mountain gorillas, using known-age skeletal samples recovered in Rwanda. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 43 individuals (0.0-14.94 years), we collected radiographs of mandibular molars, and where possible, cone beam CT scans. Molar crown a…
Detection of viruses using discarded plants from wild mountain gorillas and golden monkeys
Infectious diseases pose one of the most significant threats to the survival of great apes in the wild. The critically endangered mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) is at high risk for contracting human pathogens because approximately 60% of the population is habituated to humans to support a thriving ecotourism program. Disease surveillance for human and non-human primate pathogens is important for population health and management of p…
Age‐related changes in molar topography and shearing crest length in a wild population of mountain Gorillas from Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda
OBJECTIVES: Great ape teeth must remain functional over long lifespans. The molars of the most folivorous apes, the mountain gorillas, must maintain shearing function for 40+ years while the animals consume large quantities of mechanically challenging foods. While other folivorous primates experience dental senescence, which compromises their occlusal surfaces and affects their reproductive success as they age, it is unknown whether dental senesc…
Tooth wear and feeding ecology in mountain gorillas from Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda
OBJECTIVES: Ecological factors have a dramatic effect on tooth wear in primates, although it remains unclear how individual age contributes to functional crown morphology. The aim of this study is to determine how age and individual diet are related to tooth wear in wild mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) from Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We calculated the percent of dentine exposure (PDE) for all permanent mo…
Brain organization of gorillas reflects species differences in ecology
Gorillas include separate eastern ( Gorilla beringei ) and western ( Gorilla gorilla ) African species that diverged from each other approximately 2 million years ago. Although anatomical, genetic, behavioral, and socioecological differences have been noted among gorilla populations, little is known about variation in their brain structure. This study examines neuroanatomical variation between gorilla species using structural neuroimaging. Postmo…
Early Brain Growth Cessation in Wild Virunga Mountain Gorillas ( Gorilla beringei beringei )
Understanding the life history correlates of ontogenetic differences in hominoid brain growth requires information from multiple species. At present, however, data on how brain size changes over the course of development are only available from chimpanzees and modern humans. In this study, we examined brain growth in wild Virunga mountain gorillas using data derived from necropsy reports ( N = 34) and endocranial volume (EV) measurements ( N = 86…
Mountain gorilla research
Brain structure variation in great apes, with attention to the mountain gorilla ( Gorilla beringei beringei )
This report presents data regarding the brain structure of mountain gorillas ( Gorilla beringei beringei ) in comparison with other great apes. Magnetic resonance (MR) images of three mountain gorilla brains were obtained with a 3T scanner, and the volume of major neuroanatomical structures (neocortical gray matter, hippocampus, thalamus, striatum, and cerebellum) was measured. These data were included with our existing database that includes 23 …
Body mass estimation in hominoids
Age‐related changes in molar topography and shearing crest length in a wild population of mountain Gorillas from Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda
OBJECTIVES: Great ape teeth must remain functional over long lifespans. The molars of the most folivorous apes, the mountain gorillas, must maintain shearing function for 40+ years while the animals consume large quantities of mechanically challenging foods. While other folivorous primates experience dental senescence, which compromises their occlusal surfaces and affects their reproductive success as they age, it is unknown whether dental senesc…
Quantifying linear enamel hypoplasia in Virunga Mountain gorillas and other great apes
OBJECTIVE: Linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) is a condition marked by localized reductions in enamel thickness, resulting from growth disruptions during dental development. We use quantitative criteria to characterize the depth of LEH defects and "normal" perikymata in great apes. We test the hypothesis that mountain gorillas have shallow defects compared to other taxa, which may have led to their underestimation in previous studies. MATERIALS AND M…
Tooth wear and feeding ecology in mountain gorillas from Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda
OBJECTIVES: Ecological factors have a dramatic effect on tooth wear in primates, although it remains unclear how individual age contributes to functional crown morphology. The aim of this study is to determine how age and individual diet are related to tooth wear in wild mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) from Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We calculated the percent of dentine exposure (PDE) for all permanent mo…
Faster growth corresponds with shallower linear hypoplastic defects in great ape canines
A radiographic study of permanent molar development in wild Virunga mountain gorillas of known chronological age from R wanda
OBJECTIVES: While dental development is important to life history investigations, data from wild known-aged great apes are scarce. We report on the first radiographic examination of dental development in wild Virunga mountain gorillas, using known-age skeletal samples recovered in Rwanda. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 43 individuals (0.0-14.94 years), we collected radiographs of mandibular molars, and where possible, cone beam CT scans. Molar crown a…
Brain organization of gorillas reflects species differences in ecology
Gorillas include separate eastern ( Gorilla beringei ) and western ( Gorilla gorilla ) African species that diverged from each other approximately 2 million years ago. Although anatomical, genetic, behavioral, and socioecological differences have been noted among gorilla populations, little is known about variation in their brain structure. This study examines neuroanatomical variation between gorilla species using structural neuroimaging. Postmo…
Incisor tooth wear and age determination in mountain gorillas from Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda
OBJECTIVES: Ecological factors, but also tooth-to-tooth contact over time, have a dramatic effect on tooth wear in primates. The aim of this study is to test whether incisor tooth wear changes predictably with age and can thus be used as an age estimation method in a wild population of mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) from Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda. MATERIALS AND METHODS: ) as a proxy for incisal macrowear. Linear and quadratic…
Brain structure variation in great apes, with attention to the mountain gorilla ( Gorilla beringei beringei )
This report presents data regarding the brain structure of mountain gorillas ( Gorilla beringei beringei ) in comparison with other great apes. Magnetic resonance (MR) images of three mountain gorilla brains were obtained with a 3T scanner, and the volume of major neuroanatomical structures (neocortical gray matter, hippocampus, thalamus, striatum, and cerebellum) was measured. These data were included with our existing database that includes 23 …
Mountain gorilla research
Early Brain Growth Cessation in Wild Virunga Mountain Gorillas ( Gorilla beringei beringei )
Understanding the life history correlates of ontogenetic differences in hominoid brain growth requires information from multiple species. At present, however, data on how brain size changes over the course of development are only available from chimpanzees and modern humans. In this study, we examined brain growth in wild Virunga mountain gorillas using data derived from necropsy reports ( N = 34) and endocranial volume (EV) measurements ( N = 86…
Brain organization of gorillas reflects species differences in ecology
Gorillas include separate eastern ( Gorilla beringei ) and western ( Gorilla gorilla ) African species that diverged from each other approximately 2 million years ago. Although anatomical, genetic, behavioral, and socioecological differences have been noted among gorilla populations, little is known about variation in their brain structure. This study examines neuroanatomical variation between gorilla species using structural neuroimaging. Postmo…
Detection of viruses using discarded plants from wild mountain gorillas and golden monkeys
Infectious diseases pose one of the most significant threats to the survival of great apes in the wild. The critically endangered mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) is at high risk for contracting human pathogens because approximately 60% of the population is habituated to humans to support a thriving ecotourism program. Disease surveillance for human and non-human primate pathogens is important for population health and management of p…
Age‐related changes in molar topography and shearing crest length in a wild population of mountain Gorillas from Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda
OBJECTIVES: Great ape teeth must remain functional over long lifespans. The molars of the most folivorous apes, the mountain gorillas, must maintain shearing function for 40+ years while the animals consume large quantities of mechanically challenging foods. While other folivorous primates experience dental senescence, which compromises their occlusal surfaces and affects their reproductive success as they age, it is unknown whether dental senesc…
Tooth wear and feeding ecology in mountain gorillas from Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda
OBJECTIVES: Ecological factors have a dramatic effect on tooth wear in primates, although it remains unclear how individual age contributes to functional crown morphology. The aim of this study is to determine how age and individual diet are related to tooth wear in wild mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) from Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We calculated the percent of dentine exposure (PDE) for all permanent mo…
Morbidity and mortality in infant mountain gorillas ( Gorilla beringei beringei )
Long-term studies of morbidity and mortality in free-ranging primates are scarce, but may have important implications for the conservation of extant populations. Infants comprise a particularly important age group, as variation in survival rates may have a strong influence on population dynamics. Since 1968, the Mountain Gorilla Veterinary Project (MGVP, Inc.) and government partners have conducted a comprehensive health monitoring and disease in…
A radiographic study of permanent molar development in wild Virunga mountain gorillas of known chronological age from R wanda
OBJECTIVES: While dental development is important to life history investigations, data from wild known-aged great apes are scarce. We report on the first radiographic examination of dental development in wild Virunga mountain gorillas, using known-age skeletal samples recovered in Rwanda. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 43 individuals (0.0-14.94 years), we collected radiographs of mandibular molars, and where possible, cone beam CT scans. Molar crown a…
Quantifying linear enamel hypoplasia in Virunga Mountain gorillas and other great apes
OBJECTIVE: Linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) is a condition marked by localized reductions in enamel thickness, resulting from growth disruptions during dental development. We use quantitative criteria to characterize the depth of LEH defects and "normal" perikymata in great apes. We test the hypothesis that mountain gorillas have shallow defects compared to other taxa, which may have led to their underestimation in previous studies. MATERIALS AND M…
Incisor tooth wear and age determination in mountain gorillas from Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda
OBJECTIVES: Ecological factors, but also tooth-to-tooth contact over time, have a dramatic effect on tooth wear in primates. The aim of this study is to test whether incisor tooth wear changes predictably with age and can thus be used as an age estimation method in a wild population of mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) from Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda. MATERIALS AND METHODS: ) as a proxy for incisal macrowear. Linear and quadratic…
Body mass estimation in hominoids
Faster growth corresponds with shallower linear hypoplastic defects in great ape canines
Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Detected in Mountain Gorilla Respiratory Outbreaks
Respiratory illness (RI) accounts for a large proportion of mortalities in mountain gorillas ( Gorilla beringei beringei ), and fatal outbreaks, including disease caused by human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infections, have heightened concern about the risk of human pathogen transmission to this endangered species, which is not only critically important to the biodiversity of its ecosystem but also to the economies of the surrounding human communities…
Pathological lesions of the digestive tract in free‐ranging mountain gorillas ( Gorilla beringei beringei )
The finding of parasites and bacterial pathogens in mountain gorilla feces and oral lesions in gorilla skeletal remains has not been linked to pathological evidence of morbidity or mortality. In the current study, we conducted a retrospective study of digestive tracts including oral cavity, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, intestines (gastrointestinal tract [GI]), liver, and pancreas of 60 free‐ranging mountain gorillas from Uganda, Rwanda, a…
Great ape health watch
Simian homologues of human herpesviruses and implications for novel viral introduction to free‐living mountain gorillas
The endangered mountain gorilla ( Gorilla beringei beringei ) in Rwanda, Uganda, and the Democratic Republic of Congo is frequently in contact with humans through tourism, research activities, and illegal entry of people into protected gorilla habitat. Herpesviruses, which are ubiquitous in primates, have the potential to be shared in any setting where humans and gorillas share habitat. Based on serological findings and clinical observations of o…
Biology (13 obras) · Gorilla (11 obras) · Medicine (8 obras) · Primate Behavior and Ecology (8 obras) · Ecology (7 obras) · Geography (7 obras) · Zoology (7 obras) · Paleontology (6 obras) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (5 obras) · Dentistry (4 obras)