Thomas C O’brien
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3093589 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Thomas C O’brien |
| PRENOMES | Thomas C |
| SOBRENOME | O’brien |
| ASSINATURA | O’BRIEN T C |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Massachusetts Amherst |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7714-7359 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 14 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 110 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 14 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1968 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2022 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Effects of individual toxic behavior on team performance in League of Legends
Toxic behavior in online video games is frequent and problematic. Previous research has linked toxic behavior with worsened performance. No study, however, has investigated a causal relationship between toxic behavior and worsened performance, nor investigated potential moderators such as individual motivation. Using 716 players of League of Legends, a popular team-based video game, the effect of toxic behavior on performance and the influence of…
Supportive environments during the substance use disorder epidemic in the rural United States
Misplaced trust
Building popular legitimacy with reconciliatory gestures and participation
The research tests a model of reconciliation between authorities and communities. It expands past models of legitimacy to an intergroup dynamic model by identifying two community‐level actions that legal authorities can undertake to build their popular legitimacy and promote cooperation. One type of action is a community‐level reconciliatory gesture: an initiative that authorities make to communities to build trust by recognizing and trying to mo…
Reconciling Police and Communities with Apologies, Acknowledgements, or Both
When police officers harm civilians, police leadership almost invariably makes a public statement about the incident, and these communications usually address issues of public mistrust in the police. In addressing public mistrust, political pressures may motivate police leadership to avoid acknowledging the role of police in creating that distrust. The study reported in this article examines the consequences of avoiding versus acknowledging respo…
Authorities and communities
Intergroup conflict self-perpetuates via meaning
We investigated whether violent conflict provides individuals with a sense of meaning that they are hesitant to let go of, thus contributing to the perpetuation of intergroup conflict. Across a wide variety of contexts, we found that making intergroup conflict salient increased the meaning people found in conflict and, in turn, increased support for conflict-perpetuating beliefs, ideologies, policies, and behaviors. These effects were detected am…
Are they for us or against us? How intergroup metaperceptions shape foreign policy attitudes
We identify public opinion polls from other countries as an important form of indirect exposure to outgroups, and an important source of intergroup metaperceptions, outgroup perceptions, and support for group-level behavior towards outgroups. Three experiments demonstrate a two-step process through which such exposure affects support for ingroup behaviors that facilitate peaceful or violent intergroup relations. When indirectly exposed to nationa…
Intergroup contact and the potential for post-conflict reconciliation
With surveys of Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland, and Whites and Blacks in South Africa, this research examines how both contact quality and exposure to intergroup conflict predict attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors relevant to intergroup reconciliation. Across both studies, contact of higher quality predicted more positive intergroup attitudes, trust, more positive perceptions of outgroup intentions in working toward peace, and great…
Meaning threat can promote peaceful, not only military‐based approaches to intergroup conflict
Most research on threat documents its negative consequences. Similarly, most research on intergroup contexts has emphasized their negative behavioral effects. Drawing on the Meaning Maintenance Model and recent perspectives on the potential for positivity in intergroup conflict, we predicted that meaning threat can produce both antisocial and prosocial responses to intergroup conflict, depending on people's preexisting meaning frameworks. Studies…
How Peer Norms of Inclusion and Exclusion Predict Children's Interest in Cross‐Ethnic Friendships
The present research examines how perceived inclusive and exclusive peer norms for cross‐ethnic relations contribute to predicting interest in cross‐ethnic friendship among ethnic minority and majority children. Across two survey studies, European American and African American children (Study 1) and European American and Latino American children (Study 2) reported on the extent to which they perceived inclusive and exclusive peer norms for cross‐…
Rally effects, threat, and attitude change
Rally 'round the flag effects (J. E. Mueller, 1970) represent sudden and dramatically powerful situation-specific shifts in attitudes toward the American president. However, the extant literature has yet to fully clarify the nature of the psychological dynamics associated with this effect. These ambiguities reflect fundamental differences of opinion among scholars on some very basic questions such as whether overtly experienced emotion should med…
Psychoanalytic perspectives on substance use and antisocial personality disorder
Psychoanalysis and related psychodynamic psychotherapies have historically had a limited engagement with substance use and antisocial personality disorders. This in part reflects an early preoccupation with 'transference neuroses' and in part reflects later de-emphasis of diagnosis and focus on therapeutic process. Nonetheless, psychoanalytic perspectives can usefully inform thinking about approaches to treatment of such disorders and there are p…
The Development of Logical Thinking in Children
One of the goals of education, if not the goal, is the building of the child's cognitive structure (Ausubel, 1965). The height of cognitive structure according to Piaget (Inhelder and Piaget, 1958) is hypothetical-deductive thought, whereby the child is liberated from (i) his own perception of the real world and (2) the actual real world which surrounds him in order that he may then deal with (3) the concept of many possible worlds. Suppes (1964,…
Rally effects, threat, and attitude change
Rally 'round the flag effects (J. E. Mueller, 1970) represent sudden and dramatically powerful situation-specific shifts in attitudes toward the American president. However, the extant literature has yet to fully clarify the nature of the psychological dynamics associated with this effect. These ambiguities reflect fundamental differences of opinion among scholars on some very basic questions such as whether overtly experienced emotion should med…
Intergroup contact and the potential for post-conflict reconciliation
With surveys of Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland, and Whites and Blacks in South Africa, this research examines how both contact quality and exposure to intergroup conflict predict attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors relevant to intergroup reconciliation. Across both studies, contact of higher quality predicted more positive intergroup attitudes, trust, more positive perceptions of outgroup intentions in working toward peace, and great…
Are they for us or against us? How intergroup metaperceptions shape foreign policy attitudes
We identify public opinion polls from other countries as an important form of indirect exposure to outgroups, and an important source of intergroup metaperceptions, outgroup perceptions, and support for group-level behavior towards outgroups. Three experiments demonstrate a two-step process through which such exposure affects support for ingroup behaviors that facilitate peaceful or violent intergroup relations. When indirectly exposed to nationa…
How Peer Norms of Inclusion and Exclusion Predict Children's Interest in Cross‐Ethnic Friendships
The present research examines how perceived inclusive and exclusive peer norms for cross‐ethnic relations contribute to predicting interest in cross‐ethnic friendship among ethnic minority and majority children. Across two survey studies, European American and African American children (Study 1) and European American and Latino American children (Study 2) reported on the extent to which they perceived inclusive and exclusive peer norms for cross‐…
Building popular legitimacy with reconciliatory gestures and participation
The research tests a model of reconciliation between authorities and communities. It expands past models of legitimacy to an intergroup dynamic model by identifying two community‐level actions that legal authorities can undertake to build their popular legitimacy and promote cooperation. One type of action is a community‐level reconciliatory gesture: an initiative that authorities make to communities to build trust by recognizing and trying to mo…
Misplaced trust
Reconciling Police and Communities with Apologies, Acknowledgements, or Both
When police officers harm civilians, police leadership almost invariably makes a public statement about the incident, and these communications usually address issues of public mistrust in the police. In addressing public mistrust, political pressures may motivate police leadership to avoid acknowledging the role of police in creating that distrust. The study reported in this article examines the consequences of avoiding versus acknowledging respo…
Meaning threat can promote peaceful, not only military‐based approaches to intergroup conflict
Most research on threat documents its negative consequences. Similarly, most research on intergroup contexts has emphasized their negative behavioral effects. Drawing on the Meaning Maintenance Model and recent perspectives on the potential for positivity in intergroup conflict, we predicted that meaning threat can produce both antisocial and prosocial responses to intergroup conflict, depending on people's preexisting meaning frameworks. Studies…
Intergroup conflict self-perpetuates via meaning
We investigated whether violent conflict provides individuals with a sense of meaning that they are hesitant to let go of, thus contributing to the perpetuation of intergroup conflict. Across a wide variety of contexts, we found that making intergroup conflict salient increased the meaning people found in conflict and, in turn, increased support for conflict-perpetuating beliefs, ideologies, policies, and behaviors. These effects were detected am…
Authorities and communities
The Development of Logical Thinking in Children
One of the goals of education, if not the goal, is the building of the child's cognitive structure (Ausubel, 1965). The height of cognitive structure according to Piaget (Inhelder and Piaget, 1958) is hypothetical-deductive thought, whereby the child is liberated from (i) his own perception of the real world and (2) the actual real world which surrounds him in order that he may then deal with (3) the concept of many possible worlds. Suppes (1964,…
The Development of Logical Thinking in Children
One of the goals of education, if not the goal, is the building of the child's cognitive structure (Ausubel, 1965). The height of cognitive structure according to Piaget (Inhelder and Piaget, 1958) is hypothetical-deductive thought, whereby the child is liberated from (i) his own perception of the real world and (2) the actual real world which surrounds him in order that he may then deal with (3) the concept of many possible worlds. Suppes (1964,…
Psychoanalytic perspectives on substance use and antisocial personality disorder
Psychoanalysis and related psychodynamic psychotherapies have historically had a limited engagement with substance use and antisocial personality disorders. This in part reflects an early preoccupation with 'transference neuroses' and in part reflects later de-emphasis of diagnosis and focus on therapeutic process. Nonetheless, psychoanalytic perspectives can usefully inform thinking about approaches to treatment of such disorders and there are p…
Rally effects, threat, and attitude change
Rally 'round the flag effects (J. E. Mueller, 1970) represent sudden and dramatically powerful situation-specific shifts in attitudes toward the American president. However, the extant literature has yet to fully clarify the nature of the psychological dynamics associated with this effect. These ambiguities reflect fundamental differences of opinion among scholars on some very basic questions such as whether overtly experienced emotion should med…
How Peer Norms of Inclusion and Exclusion Predict Children's Interest in Cross‐Ethnic Friendships
The present research examines how perceived inclusive and exclusive peer norms for cross‐ethnic relations contribute to predicting interest in cross‐ethnic friendship among ethnic minority and majority children. Across two survey studies, European American and African American children (Study 1) and European American and Latino American children (Study 2) reported on the extent to which they perceived inclusive and exclusive peer norms for cross‐…
Meaning threat can promote peaceful, not only military‐based approaches to intergroup conflict
Most research on threat documents its negative consequences. Similarly, most research on intergroup contexts has emphasized their negative behavioral effects. Drawing on the Meaning Maintenance Model and recent perspectives on the potential for positivity in intergroup conflict, we predicted that meaning threat can produce both antisocial and prosocial responses to intergroup conflict, depending on people's preexisting meaning frameworks. Studies…
Are they for us or against us? How intergroup metaperceptions shape foreign policy attitudes
We identify public opinion polls from other countries as an important form of indirect exposure to outgroups, and an important source of intergroup metaperceptions, outgroup perceptions, and support for group-level behavior towards outgroups. Three experiments demonstrate a two-step process through which such exposure affects support for ingroup behaviors that facilitate peaceful or violent intergroup relations. When indirectly exposed to nationa…
Intergroup contact and the potential for post-conflict reconciliation
With surveys of Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland, and Whites and Blacks in South Africa, this research examines how both contact quality and exposure to intergroup conflict predict attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors relevant to intergroup reconciliation. Across both studies, contact of higher quality predicted more positive intergroup attitudes, trust, more positive perceptions of outgroup intentions in working toward peace, and great…
Authorities and communities
Intergroup conflict self-perpetuates via meaning
We investigated whether violent conflict provides individuals with a sense of meaning that they are hesitant to let go of, thus contributing to the perpetuation of intergroup conflict. Across a wide variety of contexts, we found that making intergroup conflict salient increased the meaning people found in conflict and, in turn, increased support for conflict-perpetuating beliefs, ideologies, policies, and behaviors. These effects were detected am…
Building popular legitimacy with reconciliatory gestures and participation
The research tests a model of reconciliation between authorities and communities. It expands past models of legitimacy to an intergroup dynamic model by identifying two community‐level actions that legal authorities can undertake to build their popular legitimacy and promote cooperation. One type of action is a community‐level reconciliatory gesture: an initiative that authorities make to communities to build trust by recognizing and trying to mo…
Reconciling Police and Communities with Apologies, Acknowledgements, or Both
When police officers harm civilians, police leadership almost invariably makes a public statement about the incident, and these communications usually address issues of public mistrust in the police. In addressing public mistrust, political pressures may motivate police leadership to avoid acknowledging the role of police in creating that distrust. The study reported in this article examines the consequences of avoiding versus acknowledging respo…
Misplaced trust
Effects of individual toxic behavior on team performance in League of Legends
Toxic behavior in online video games is frequent and problematic. Previous research has linked toxic behavior with worsened performance. No study, however, has investigated a causal relationship between toxic behavior and worsened performance, nor investigated potential moderators such as individual motivation. Using 716 players of League of Legends, a popular team-based video game, the effect of toxic behavior on performance and the influence of…
Supportive environments during the substance use disorder epidemic in the rural United States
Psychology (10 obras) · Social Psychology (8 obras) · Political science (7 obras) · Cultural Differences and Values (5 obras) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (5 obras) · Social Psychology (4 obras) · Geography (3 obras) · Group conflict (3 obras) · Law (3 obras) · Politics (3 obras)