Philip M Napoli
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 310387 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Philip M Napoli |
| PRENOMES | Philip M |
| SOBRENOME | Napoli |
| ASSINATURA | NAPOLI P M |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Duke University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7308-3044 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 47 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 392 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 45 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 2 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1997 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
On moving fast and breaking things . . . again
Generative AI systems are increasingly being employed globally, bringing with them both tremendous promise and substantial potential for harm. As is often the case, governance initiatives are lagging behind technological diffusion. This article looks to the very recent past – the rise of social media platforms and their associated algorithmic systems – as a guide for ongoing and future conversations about the governance of generative AI. Specific…
Distinguishing Journalism from Political Influence Operations
One defining characteristic of contemporary news and information ecosystems is the increasingly blurred line separating legitimate journalism from partisan political influence operations. While the First Amendment limits government interventions on this front, there is one seldom-discussed federal mechanism for bringing greater clarity to the question of whether an entity is operating as a news organization or a political influence operation. The…
In pursuit of ignorance
News Quality in the Digital Age
What Is Media Policy
This article offers a definition of media policy and, through a discussion of specific areas of public policy, describes the scope of media policy as an area of potential government intervention. I argue for a more expansive conceptualization of media policy than has typically guided the work of 21st-century media policymakers. I also argue that there has been a troubling tendency to apply a technology policy framework to contexts that would be b…
Media Policy for an Informed Citizenry
This volume of The ANNALS revisits and updates a call made by scholars in the early 2010s for public policy to respond to the market failure of local news. Organized into four parts—policy, supply, demand, and adaptation—this volume is committed to the proposition that people need information about their communities in order to navigate everyday life, and that those information needs are inextricably intertwined with other basic necessities like …
Th Anniversary of TPRC—Research Conference on Communications, Information and Internet Policy
Dear JIP reader,This Special Section of the JIP celebrates the 50th anniversary of a gathering of communications professionals, regulators, and researchers first held in 1972, convened by the Office of Telecommunications Policy in The White House, and originally called the Telecommunications Policy Research Conference, subsequently renamed TPRC, and currently called TPRC—The Research Conference on Communications, Information and Internet Policy. …
Back from the dead (again)
In the United States, debates about political bias in the content curation and moderation practices of social media platforms have spilled over into the policy realm, rekindling conversations about the Fairness Doctrine and its potential utility in possible regulatory approaches to social media. This article revisits the history of the Fairness Doctrine and uses this history as a lens for critically examining current proposals for integrating Fai…
The symbolic uses of platforms
Unlike many other countries around the world, the United States has taken relatively little substantive action in the realm of platform governance, despite the United States being directly impacted by occurrences such as Russian interference in the 2016 election, domestic disinformation related to the 2020 election, the Cambridge Analytica data breach scandal and the ‘infodemic’ of misinformation that has accompanied the Coronavirus pandemic. Yet…
The platform beat
As digital platforms have come to play a central role in the news and information ecosystem, a new realm of watchdog journalism has emerged – the platform beat . Journalists on the platform beat report on the operation, use and misuse of social media platforms and search engines. The platform beat can serve as an important mechanism for increasing the accountability of digital platforms, in ways that can affect public trust in the platforms, but …
How Is Social Media Gatekeeping Different? A Multi- Platform Comparative Analysis of the New York Times
News audiences are increasingly fragmented across different media platforms. Consequently, individual news organizations simultaneously disseminate their content across different media. Each of these media has different user bases, interface characteristics, and distribution systems. Given these substantial differences, the dynamics of the gatekeeping process – and the news values that guide this process – vary across different media technologies…
Local Journalism and At-Risk Communities in the United States
A substantial amount of attention has been devoted to the ongoing crisis affecting local journalism. Terms such as ‘news deserts’ and ‘journalism divides’ have been used to describe an emerging scenario in which some communities have relatively robust local news ecosystems, while others do not. However, despite the fact that such concepts indicate substantial differences across communities, researchers have only recently begun to try to understan…
Connecting Journalism and Public Policy
This Introduction to this special issue on Policy Issues in Digital Journalism explores the reasons why this is a particularly important time for scholars to be exploring policy issues in digital journalism, as well as the reasons why, in some national contexts, there has been resistance to approaching the crisis in journalism as a public policy issue. This Introduction also suggestions direction for future research on policy issues in digital jo…
Social Media and the Public Interest
What social media platforms can learn from audience measurement
The widespread concerns about the misuses and negative effects of social media platforms have prompted a range of governance responses, including preliminary efforts toward self-regulatory models. Building upon these initiatives, this paper looks to the self-regulation of the audience measurement industry as a possible template for the self-regulation of social media. This article explores the parallels between audience measurement systems and so…
Local Journalism and the Information Needs of Local Communities
KEYWORDS: Local journalismcontent analysisinformation needscommunity journalismjournalism ecosystemsnews measures research project
Por qué las empresas de medios insisten en que no son empresas de medios, por qué están equivocadas y por qué es importante
Una postura común entre las plataformas de redes sociales y los agregadores[1] de contenido es su resistencia a ser caracterizados como empresas mediáticas. En cambio, compañías como Google, Facebook y Twitter insisten reiteradamente en que deben ser consideradas como empresas puramente tecnológicas. Este artículo critica la posición que sostiene que estas plataformas son compañías tecnológicas en lugar de empresas de medios, explora la racionali…
Mediated Communication
"Media scholarship has responded to a rapidly evolving media environment that has challenged existing theories and methods while also giving rise to new theoretical and methodological approaches. This volume explores the state of contemporary media research. Focusing on intellectual foundations, theoretical perspectives, methodological approaches, context, and contemporary issues, this volume is a valuable resource for media scholars and students…
Why media companies insist they're not media companies, why they're wrong, and why it matters
A common position amongst social media platforms and online content aggregators is their resistance to being characterized as media companies. Rather, companies such as Google, Facebook, and Twitter have regularly insisted that they should be thought of purely as technology companies. This paper critiques the position that these platforms are technology companies rather than media companies, explores the underlying rationales, and considers the p…
Problems and Solutions for American Political Coverage
Drawing on Shoemaker and her colleagues’ five levels of analysis, i.e. the individual, routine, organization, institutional, and social system levels, this study examines news media’s post-election self-examination. This study uses natural language processing-related techniques to analyze a corpus of news articles published 10 days after the election day to understand the nature and distribution of identified problems and proposed solutions at th…
The Audience as Product, Consumer, and Producer in the Contemporary Media Marketplace
Requiem for the long tail
This article revisits the long tail phenomenon, a dozen years after it was first articulated as a model for the digital media economy. As this article illustrates, both the research evidence and the evolution of industry practice have demonstrated that the long tail phenomenon has failed to take hold to the extent expected. This article outlines the interconnected technological, institutional and economic factors that explain the decline of the l…
Local Journalism and the Information Needs of Local Communities
This paper presents a three-level conceptual and methodological framework for assessing local journalism and the extent to which it meets community information needs. This research grows from frequent calls from policymakers, foundations, and advocacy groups for methods and measures to facilitate comparative analyses of the state of local journalism in different communities. Further, the goal here is to develop a methodological approach that can …
US Communications Policy Research and the Integration of the Administrative and Critical Communication Research Traditions
This article argues that many of the traditional distinctions used to distinguish critical from administrative research do not hold up well within the context of communications policy research. This argument is illustrated through an analysis of early communications policy research literature that sought to define the contours and objectives of the field, as well as through an assessment of developments in the field over the past 30 years. This a…
Social media and the public interest
Audience evolution
"Philip M. Napoli offers a rich and original synthesis of the many factors that help construct the audience, as well as the social, economic, and legal consequences of that process, and he has a real talent for creating a cohesive, interesting, and important story. Anyone with a serious interest in the operation of the media industries or popular culture should read this book." James G. Webster, Northwestern University, author of Ratings Analysis…
Automated Media
Journal Article Automated Media: An Institutional Theory Perspective on Algorithmic Media Production and Consumption Get access Philip M. Napoli Philip M. Napoli 1Department of Journalism & Media Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Communication Theory, Volume 24, Issue 3, August 2014, Pages 340–360, https://doi.org/10.1111/comt.12039 Published: 16 July 2014
Local Journalism and the Information Needs of Local Communities
This paper presents a three-level conceptual and methodological framework for assessing local journalism and the extent to which it meets community information needs. This research grows from frequent calls from policymakers, foundations, and advocacy groups for methods and measures to facilitate comparative analyses of the state of local journalism in different communities. Further, the goal here is to develop a methodological approach that can …
Revisiting ‘mass communication’ and the ‘work’ of the audience in the new media environment
This paper revisits the concept of mass communication, which has faced persistent challenges to its continued relevance in light of changes that have taken place in the media environment. This paper offers a counterpoint to claims of the term’s diminished relevance, as well as to some recent efforts to reposition the term, by putting forth an interpretive approach that is not exclusive to the “institutional communicator” and that allows the term …
Reconfiguring the Audience Commodity
Changes in the ways that audiences use television, and the ways in which such usage can be measured, raise the possibility of a transformation of the audience commodity, and the currency that fuels the audience marketplace. Specifically, it appears at this point that social media analytics are beginning to play a role in how television program success is measured, and in how advertising dollars are allocated across programs. Essentially, then, th…
The Emerging Mobile Internet Underclass
This article provides a critical comparative analysis of mobile versus personal computer (PC)-based forms of Internet access. Drawing from an interdisciplinary body of literature, it illustrates a wide range of ways in which mobile Internet access offers lower levels of functionality and content availability; operates on less open and flexible platforms; and contributes to diminished levels of user engagement, content creation, and information se…
A Principal-Agent Approach to the Study of Media Organizations
Media organizations are both political and economic actors They have the ability to influence public opinion voting behavior and government policy At the same time they tend to be motivated primarily by profit maximizing goals Agency theory also called the principal-agent approach has been useful for understanding the behavior of individuals in profit seeking organizations as well as individuals in political organizations such as legislatures and…
Exposure Diversity Reconsidered
Concerning media diversity, should policymakers be more concerned about the choices consumers of information make than what sources are available to them? Dr. Napoli argues that with all of the information outlets currently available, focusing on source and content diversity is becoming less important than understanding the information that is actually consumed by media users. If audiences choose to focus their attention selectively on only a few…
Local Journalism and the Information Needs of Local Communities
KEYWORDS: Local journalismcontent analysisinformation needscommunity journalismjournalism ecosystemsnews measures research project
US Communications Policy Research and the Integration of the Administrative and Critical Communication Research Traditions
This article argues that many of the traditional distinctions used to distinguish critical from administrative research do not hold up well within the context of communications policy research. This argument is illustrated through an analysis of early communications policy research literature that sought to define the contours and objectives of the field, as well as through an assessment of developments in the field over the past 30 years. This a…
On making public policy with publicly available data
Connecting Journalism and Public Policy
This Introduction to this special issue on Policy Issues in Digital Journalism explores the reasons why this is a particularly important time for scholars to be exploring policy issues in digital journalism, as well as the reasons why, in some national contexts, there has been resistance to approaching the crisis in journalism as a public policy issue. This Introduction also suggestions direction for future research on policy issues in digital jo…
Reassessing the Potential Contribution of Communications Research to Communications Policy
This article examines how the contemporary communications policy-making environment (particularly in relation to media ownership) is one in which communications research can play an increasingly influential role. This article explores how the expanded analytical perspective being brought to bear on the media ownership issue is conducive to greater contributions from communications research. Specifically, this article illustrates how policymakers'…
The Localism Principle in Communications Policymaking and Policy Analysis
Localism long has been a central guiding principle in communications policymaking, yet its specific meaning and objectives have not been well articulated by policymakers. This article attempts to bring greater clarity to the localism principle, through an examination of how the Federal Communications Commission has defined local programming. Policymakers have failed to establish a clear and stable definition of what constitutes local programming,…
The symbolic uses of platforms
Unlike many other countries around the world, the United States has taken relatively little substantive action in the realm of platform governance, despite the United States being directly impacted by occurrences such as Russian interference in the 2016 election, domestic disinformation related to the 2020 election, the Cambridge Analytica data breach scandal and the ‘infodemic’ of misinformation that has accompanied the Coronavirus pandemic. Yet…
Public Interest Media Advocacy and Activism as a Social Movement
This chapter reviews the literature on public interest media advocacy and activism. In so doing, it organizes the literature according to the three primary theoretical perspectives on social movements—framing processes, political opportunities, and mobilizing structures, to reflect the increased tendency in recent years for scholars to conceptualize public interest media advocacy and activism as a social movement. As this review indicates, public…
Problems and Solutions for American Political Coverage
Drawing on Shoemaker and her colleagues’ five levels of analysis, i.e. the individual, routine, organization, institutional, and social system levels, this study examines news media’s post-election self-examination. This study uses natural language processing-related techniques to analyze a corpus of news articles published 10 days after the election day to understand the nature and distribution of identified problems and proposed solutions at th…
Requiem for the long tail
This article revisits the long tail phenomenon, a dozen years after it was first articulated as a model for the digital media economy. As this article illustrates, both the research evidence and the evolution of industry practice have demonstrated that the long tail phenomenon has failed to take hold to the extent expected. This article outlines the interconnected technological, institutional and economic factors that explain the decline of the l…
Market Conditions and Public Affairs Programming
This study investigates whether market conditions affect the provision of public affairs programming by television broadcasters. The study examined a random sample of 112 commercial broadcast stations in order to determine whether station characteristics, market size and demographics, and competitive conditions affect the quantity of public affairs programming provided. The results suggest that market conditions have very little effect on the qua…
In pursuit of ignorance
The platform beat
As digital platforms have come to play a central role in the news and information ecosystem, a new realm of watchdog journalism has emerged – the platform beat . Journalists on the platform beat report on the operation, use and misuse of social media platforms and search engines. The platform beat can serve as an important mechanism for increasing the accountability of digital platforms, in ways that can affect public trust in the platforms, but …
Media Development in Bosnia
This article examines public perceptions of the news and information sector in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Since the signing of the Dayton Peace Accord in late 1995, the international community has donated millions of dollars to foster free and fair media. This research explores the media transition in Bosnia through a four-year longitudinal study. The research design measured public perceptions ( N = 1689) of the realism, importance and credibility of n…
A Principal-Agent Approach to the Study of Media Organizations
Media organizations are both political and economic actors They have the ability to influence public opinion voting behavior and government policy At the same time they tend to be motivated primarily by profit maximizing goals Agency theory also called the principal-agent approach has been useful for understanding the behavior of individuals in profit seeking organizations as well as individuals in political organizations such as legislatures and…
The marketplace of ideas metaphor in communications regulation
The “marketplace of ideas” metaphor has been interpreted from democratic and economic theory perspectives. These different interpretive approaches emphasize different policy objectives and have been associated with divergent regulatory philosophies. To reach a deeper understanding of how regulators have interpreted and applied the marketplace of ideas metaphor, I analyzed the use of the metaphor over the past 33 years by the Federal Communication…
The Marketplace of Ideas Metaphor In Communications Regulation
The “marketplace of ideas” metaphor has been interpreted from democratic and economic theory perspectives. These different interpretive approaches emphasize different policy objectives and have been associated with divergent regulatory philosophies. To reach a deeper understanding of how regulators have interpreted and applied the marketplace of ideas metaphor, I analyzed the use of the metaphor over the past 33 years by the Federal Communication…
Deconstructing the Diversity Principle
This article presents an examination of the diversity principle in communications policy. Given the Federal Communication Commission's recent emphasis on diversity as a policy objective, diversity assessments must return to the forefront of communications policy analysis. To provide an analytical framework for such research, the diversity principle is broken into three distinct components (source, content, and exposure diversity), and multiple su…
The Federal Communications Commission and the Communications Policymaking Process
Recent developments in communications policy have increased the need for a thorough understanding of the behavior of the Federal Communications Commission and the dynamics of the communications policymaking process. This theoretical and methodological review and critique of the literature devoted to FCC behavior and communications policymaking outlines the diversity of theoretical approaches to the FCC that have evolved over time and the specific…
Market Conditions and Public Affairs Programming
This study investigates whether market conditions affect the provision of public affairs programming by television broadcasters. The study examined a random sample of 112 commercial broadcast stations in order to determine whether station characteristics, market size and demographics, and competitive conditions affect the quantity of public affairs programming provided. The results suggest that market conditions have very little effect on the qua…
The Localism Principle in Communications Policymaking and Policy Analysis
Localism long has been a central guiding principle in communications policymaking, yet its specific meaning and objectives have not been well articulated by policymakers. This article attempts to bring greater clarity to the localism principle, through an examination of how the Federal Communications Commission has defined local programming. Policymakers have failed to establish a clear and stable definition of what constitutes local programming,…
Media Development in Bosnia
This article examines public perceptions of the news and information sector in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Since the signing of the Dayton Peace Accord in late 1995, the international community has donated millions of dollars to foster free and fair media. This research explores the media transition in Bosnia through a four-year longitudinal study. The research design measured public perceptions ( N = 1689) of the realism, importance and credibility of n…
Market Competition, Station Ownership, and Local Public Affairs Programming on Broadcast Television
This study examines the relationship between competitive conditions in television markets, ownership characteristics, and commercial broadcast television station provision of local public affairs programming. The results from an analysis of a random sample of 285 full-power television stations showed that half of the stations in the sample did not air any local public affairs programming during the 2-week sample period. Among the study’s other fi…
Reassessing the Potential Contribution of Communications Research to Communications Policy
This article examines how the contemporary communications policy-making environment (particularly in relation to media ownership) is one in which communications research can play an increasingly influential role. This article explores how the expanded analytical perspective being brought to bear on the media ownership issue is conducive to greater contributions from communications research. Specifically, this article illustrates how policymakers'…
Bridging Cultural Policy and Media Policy
Cultural and media policy have remained largely distinct fields of research, policymaking, and policy advocacy in the United States. There are, however, significant areas of overlap between these two areas that have not been fully explored. The author examines the linkages between the two fields, covering the traditional lines of demarcation that have separated them; contemporary developments that compel stronger overlap in terms of their substan…
Public Interest Media Advocacy and Activism as a Social Movement
This chapter reviews the literature on public interest media advocacy and activism. In so doing, it organizes the literature according to the three primary theoretical perspectives on social movements—framing processes, political opportunities, and mobilizing structures, to reflect the increased tendency in recent years for scholars to conceptualize public interest media advocacy and activism as a social movement. As this review indicates, public…
Audience evolution
"Philip M. Napoli offers a rich and original synthesis of the many factors that help construct the audience, as well as the social, economic, and legal consequences of that process, and he has a real talent for creating a cohesive, interesting, and important story. Anyone with a serious interest in the operation of the media industries or popular culture should read this book." James G. Webster, Northwestern University, author of Ratings Analysis…
On making public policy with publicly available data
Revisiting ‘mass communication’ and the ‘work’ of the audience in the new media environment
This paper revisits the concept of mass communication, which has faced persistent challenges to its continued relevance in light of changes that have taken place in the media environment. This paper offers a counterpoint to claims of the term’s diminished relevance, as well as to some recent efforts to reposition the term, by putting forth an interpretive approach that is not exclusive to the “institutional communicator” and that allows the term …
Communications Research in Action
Ratings and Audience Measurement
One commonly used, though controversial, approach to conducting research on media audiences involves ratings analysis. Ratings analysis is the analysis of the audience size and composition data produced by audience measurement firms for use in both the commercial and noncommercial media sectors. Ratings data primarily are used by media outlets and advertisers to determine advertising rates, to assess the performance of media content, and to devel…
Exposure Diversity Reconsidered
Concerning media diversity, should policymakers be more concerned about the choices consumers of information make than what sources are available to them? Dr. Napoli argues that with all of the information outlets currently available, focusing on source and content diversity is becoming less important than understanding the information that is actually consumed by media users. If audiences choose to focus their attention selectively on only a few…
Translating diversity to Internet governance
This paper examines the emergence of diversity as a guiding principle of Internet governance. This paper compares how diversity is being interpreted and applied in Internet governance discourse and related research with its interpretation and application in traditional communications policy-making and policy research. As this paper illustrates, a somewhat more narrow conceptualization of diversity has developed within the Internet governance cont…
Automated Media
Journal Article Automated Media: An Institutional Theory Perspective on Algorithmic Media Production and Consumption Get access Philip M. Napoli Philip M. Napoli 1Department of Journalism & Media Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Communication Theory, Volume 24, Issue 3, August 2014, Pages 340–360, https://doi.org/10.1111/comt.12039 Published: 16 July 2014
The Emerging Mobile Internet Underclass
This article provides a critical comparative analysis of mobile versus personal computer (PC)-based forms of Internet access. Drawing from an interdisciplinary body of literature, it illustrates a wide range of ways in which mobile Internet access offers lower levels of functionality and content availability; operates on less open and flexible platforms; and contributes to diminished levels of user engagement, content creation, and information se…
Social media and the public interest
Reconfiguring the Audience Commodity
Changes in the ways that audiences use television, and the ways in which such usage can be measured, raise the possibility of a transformation of the audience commodity, and the currency that fuels the audience marketplace. Specifically, it appears at this point that social media analytics are beginning to play a role in how television program success is measured, and in how advertising dollars are allocated across programs. Essentially, then, th…
The Audience as Product, Consumer, and Producer in the Contemporary Media Marketplace
Requiem for the long tail
This article revisits the long tail phenomenon, a dozen years after it was first articulated as a model for the digital media economy. As this article illustrates, both the research evidence and the evolution of industry practice have demonstrated that the long tail phenomenon has failed to take hold to the extent expected. This article outlines the interconnected technological, institutional and economic factors that explain the decline of the l…
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