Mark L Davison
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 317134 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Mark L Davison |
| PRENOMES | Mark L |
| SOBRENOME | Davison |
| ASSINATURA | DAVISON M L |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Minnesota |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3656-9672 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 34 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 55 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 34 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1976 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Validating a Reading Comprehension Assessment for College Students
The purpose of this study was to validate a novel reading comprehension assessment for college students named MOCCA-College. A random sample of college students ( N = 63, average age of 22.5) were recruited from various education programs (e.g., first-year courses, TRIO, SONA) and completed MOCCA-College Online and were later recruited to complete face-to-face think-aloud and recall tasks, as well as standardized assessments such as the Nelson-De…
Mocca-College
As access to higher education increases, it is important to monitor students with special needs to facilitate the provision of appropriate resources and support. Although metrics such as the “reading readiness” ACT (formerly American College Testing) of provide insight into how many students may need such resources, they do not specify why a student may need support or how to provide that support. Increasingly, students are bringing reading compr…
Addressing Quantitative and Qualitative Hypotheses Using Regression Models with Equality Restrictions and Predictors Measured in Common Units
In regression, some or all of the predictors may be measured in common units: e.g. X1 = carbohydrate calories, X2 = protein calories, X3 = fat calories. Such predictors can occur in disciplines as diverse as business, economics, education, medicine, nutrition, psychology, sport science, etc. Predictors in common units can lead to unique quantitative and qualitative hypotheses that can be addressed by imposing equality restrictions on the regressi…
Item and scale properties of the Oral Health Literacy Adults Questionnaire assessed by item response theory
Objectives a) To evaluate the item and scale properties of the Oral Health Literacy Adults Questionnaire (OHL‐AQ) in an adult general population. b) To determine precision or accuracy of the respondents' estimated scores along the Oral Health Literacy (OHL) spectrum using item response theory (IRT) modeling. Methods Survey data were collected from a convenience sample of 405 adult attendees of the 2014 Minnesota State Fair. We used the two‐parame…
Constructing Subscores That Add Validity
Prior research suggests that subscores from a single achievement test seldom add value over a single total score. Such scores typically correspond to subcontent areas in the total content domain, but content subdomains might not provide a sound basis for subscores. Using scores on an inferential reading comprehension test from 625 third, fourth, and fifth graders, two new methods of creating subscores were explored. Three subscores were based on …
Estimating Between-Person and Within-Person Subscore Reliability with Profile Analysis
Subscores are of increasing interest in educational and psychological testing due to their diagnostic function for evaluating examinees' strengths and weaknesses within particular domains of knowledge. Previous studies about the utility of subscores have mostly focused on the overall reliability of individual subscores and ignored the fact that subscores should be distinct and have added value over the total score. This study introduces a profile…
The personality disorder profile of professional actors
Aloha teachers
Patterns of SAT Scores, Choice of STEM Major, and Gender
Using Baccalaureate and Beyond 2001 data, we found that STEM major was associated with an SAT pattern less common among females than males, in which the student’s quantitative score exceeded the verbal score. Verbal ability was negatively associated with STEM major. Implications for career theory and test interpretation are discussed
On the Reliability and Validity of a Numerical Reasoning Speed Dimension Derived From Response Times Collected in Computerized Testing
Data from 181 college students were used to assess whether math reasoning item response times in computerized testing can provide valid and reliable measures of a speed dimension. The alternate forms reliability of the speed dimension was .85. A two-dimensional structural equation model suggests that the speed dimension is related to the accuracy of speeded responses. Speed factor scores were significantly correlated with performance on the ACT m…
Predictors of Patients’ Perceived Need for Medication to Prevent Fracture
BACKGROUND: Adherence with medications to prevent fractures is suboptimal. Patients' perceived need for medication is an important predictor of medication-use behavior. OBJECTIVE: Estimate the associations of patients' perceived need of medication for fracture prevention with objective indicators of fracture risk, patients' concerns about medications, and the quality of the patient-physician relationship. RESEARCH DESIGN: Cross-sectional medical …
Assessing Fit and Dimensionality in Least Squares Metric Multidimensional Scaling Using Akaike’s Information Criterion
Akaike’s information criterion is suggested as a tool for evaluating fit and dimensionality in metric multidimensional scaling that uses least squares methods of estimation. This criterion combines the least squares loss function with the number of estimated parameters. Numerical examples are presented. The results from analyses of both simulation data and real data demonstrate the utility of the Akaike’s information criterion in identifying the …
The Justification of Beliefs in Young Adults
Recent work on adult thought has focused on the emergence of relativistic, dialectic, or integrative assumptions about knowledge. In 1981, Kitchener and King developed a model of reflective judgment that describes seven sets of assumptions about reality and knowledge and corresponding concepts of intellectual justification. This article reports a 2-year longitudinal study of three groups of adolescents and young adults (n = 59) who were tested on…
Factor Analytic Modeling of Within Person Variation in Score Profiles
A profile is a vector of scores for one examinee. The mean score in the vector can be interpreted as a measure of overall profile height, the variance can be interpreted as a measure of within person variation, and the ipsatized vector of score deviations about the mean can be said to describe the pattern in the score profile. A within person pattern interpretation of orthogonal factor loadings is developed. A statistic is proposed to index the a…
Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Profile Analysis via Multidimensional Scaling
This paper describes the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) parameterization of the Profile Analysis via Multidimensional Scaling (PAMS) model to demonstrate validation of profile pattern hypotheses derived from multidimensional scaling (MDS). Profile Analysis via Multidimensional Scaling (PAMS) is an exploratory method for identifying major profiles in a multi-subtest test battery. Major profile patterns are represented as dimensions extracted f…
Estimating Cognitive Profiles Using Profile Analysis via Multidimensional Scaling (Pams)
Two of the most popular methods of profile analysis, cluster analysis and modal profile analysis, have limitations. First, neither technique is adequate when the sample size is large. Second, neither method will necessarily provide profile information in terms of both level and pattern. A new method of profile analysis, called Profile Analysis via Multidimensional Scaling (PAMS; Davison, 1996), is introduced to meet the challenge. PAMS extends th…
High School Mathematics Course-Taking by Gender and Ethnicity
The 1990 NAEP transcript data were used to study the number of Carnegie units (CUs) earned by students in seven categories of mathematics courses plus a miscellaneous category. On average, students earned 3.11 CUs, slightly more than the minimum of 3 suggested in A Nation at Risk ( National Commission on Excellence in Education, 1983 ). Fifty-four percent of the CUs were earned in the standard high school sequence (Algebra 1 and 2 and geometry), …
Gender Differences by Item Difficulty Interactions in Multiple-Choice Mathematics Items
From the finding that males are more variable than females on mathematics test scores, it is argued that one might expect a gender-by-item-difficulty interaction such that easy items are easier for females than for males and hard items are harder for females than for males. This prediction was tested in two studies using data from nine forms of a basic skills test in mathematics. The hypothesis was generally supported. For each form, there was a …
Religious Bias in Moral Development Research
The present article reports two studies in which the validity of the Defining Issues Test (DI[T; Rest 1979) for conservative religious people was examined. In Study 1 we found that from 16 to 25 (of 72) DIT items had differential functioning; that is, the items were measuring a different construct for conservative religious subjects. Study 2 provided evidence that a large proportion of the differential item functioning observed in Study 1 was due…
Testing group differences in paired comparisons data
The Bradley-Terry-Luce (Bradley & Terry, 1952; Luce, 1959) model for paired comparisons data is extended to the case in which there are several choice matrices, one for each of several groups. The extended model leads to tests of various null hypotheses: the hypothesis that there is a common stimulus dimension in all groups, the hypothesis that the scale value for a given stimulus in group g equals its scale value in a target group, and the hypot…
Multidimensional scaling and factor models of test and item responses
Testing group differences in paired comparisons data
Describing and testing a moderator of the moral judgment and action relationship
The relationship between moral judgment development and action for Ss who differ in the degree to which justice-based moral judgments influence moral decision making was investigated. First, a method for quantifying Ss' use of justice-based moral judgments in moral decision making (the utilizer variable) is described. Second, 5 moral judgment and action studies are reanalyzed to assess the moderating effect of the utilizer variable information. R…
Multidimensional scaling and factor models of test and item responses
This article discusses 2 alternatives to the factor model for test or item responses. From the two alternative models, proximity measures are derived so that the proximity measures are within an additive constant of squared euclidean distances between item or test parameters. Hence, multidimensional scaling (MDS) can be used to estimate the item parameters in the alternative models. Solutions that are based on the models are compared. In light of…
Parametric statistics and levels of measurement
Let Y be a continuous, ordinal measure of a latent variable θ. In general, for factorial designs, an analysis of variance of the observed variable Y cannot be used to draw inferences about main effects and interactions on the latent variable θ even when the standard normality and equality of variance assumptions hold
Describing and testing a moderator of the moral judgment and action relationship
The relationship between moral judgment development and action for Ss who differ in the degree to which justice-based moral judgments influence moral decision making was investigated. First, a method for quantifying Ss' use of justice-based moral judgments in moral decision making (the utilizer variable) is described. Second, 5 moral judgment and action studies are reanalyzed to assess the moderating effect of the utilizer variable information. R…
Stage structure in objective moral judgments
High School Mathematics Course-Taking by Gender and Ethnicity
The 1990 NAEP transcript data were used to study the number of Carnegie units (CUs) earned by students in seven categories of mathematics courses plus a miscellaneous category. On average, students earned 3.11 CUs, slightly more than the minimum of 3 suggested in A Nation at Risk ( National Commission on Excellence in Education, 1983 ). Fifty-four percent of the CUs were earned in the standard high school sequence (Algebra 1 and 2 and geometry), …
The stage sequence concept in cognitive and social development
Multidimensional scaling versus components analysis of test intercorrelations
Parametric statistics and levels of measurement
Let Y be a continuous, ordinal measure of a latent variable θ. In general, for factorial designs, an analysis of variance of the observed variable Y cannot be used to draw inferences about main effects and interactions on the latent variable θ even when the standard normality and equality of variance assumptions hold
Parametric statistics and levels of measurement
A longitudinal study of moral and ego development in young adults
Aloha teachers
Religious Bias in Moral Development Research
The present article reports two studies in which the validity of the Defining Issues Test (DI[T; Rest 1979) for conservative religious people was examined. In Study 1 we found that from 16 to 25 (of 72) DIT items had differential functioning; that is, the items were measuring a different construct for conservative religious subjects. Study 2 provided evidence that a large proportion of the differential item functioning observed in Study 1 was due…
Gender Differences by Item Difficulty Interactions in Multiple-Choice Mathematics Items
From the finding that males are more variable than females on mathematics test scores, it is argued that one might expect a gender-by-item-difficulty interaction such that easy items are easier for females than for males and hard items are harder for females than for males. This prediction was tested in two studies using data from nine forms of a basic skills test in mathematics. The hypothesis was generally supported. For each form, there was a …
A similarity-attraction model for predicting sociometric choice from perceived group structure
Multidimensional scaling and factor models of test and item responses
This article discusses 2 alternatives to the factor model for test or item responses. From the two alternative models, proximity measures are derived so that the proximity measures are within an additive constant of squared euclidean distances between item or test parameters. Hence, multidimensional scaling (MDS) can be used to estimate the item parameters in the alternative models. Solutions that are based on the models are compared. In light of…
A similarity-attraction model for predicting sociometric choice from perceived group structure
Stage structure in objective moral judgments
Individual Differences in Perceptions of Occupations and Occupational Reinforcers
Individual differences in subjective occupational perceptions were investigated. Forty‐three students and 11 vocational counsellor/researchers judged the similarity of all possible pairs of 18 occupations, three from each of Holland's categories. Subjects rated each occupation on 11 occupational reinforcers. The unity of all but Holland's Conventional category was supported by the configuration of occupations in a four‐dimensional representation …
The stage sequence concept in cognitive and social development
A longitudinal study of moral and ego development in young adults
Multidimensional scaling versus components analysis of test intercorrelations
Psychometrics and graduate education
Psychometrics and graduate education
Parametric statistics and levels of measurement
Parametric statistics and levels of measurement
Let Y be a continuous, ordinal measure of a latent variable θ. In general, for factorial designs, an analysis of variance of the observed variable Y cannot be used to draw inferences about main effects and interactions on the latent variable θ even when the standard normality and equality of variance assumptions hold
Testing group differences in paired comparisons data
The Bradley-Terry-Luce (Bradley & Terry, 1952; Luce, 1959) model for paired comparisons data is extended to the case in which there are several choice matrices, one for each of several groups. The extended model leads to tests of various null hypotheses: the hypothesis that there is a common stimulus dimension in all groups, the hypothesis that the scale value for a given stimulus in group g equals its scale value in a target group, and the hypot…
Multidimensional scaling and factor models of test and item responses
Testing group differences in paired comparisons data
Describing and testing a moderator of the moral judgment and action relationship
The relationship between moral judgment development and action for Ss who differ in the degree to which justice-based moral judgments influence moral decision making was investigated. First, a method for quantifying Ss' use of justice-based moral judgments in moral decision making (the utilizer variable) is described. Second, 5 moral judgment and action studies are reanalyzed to assess the moderating effect of the utilizer variable information. R…
Multidimensional scaling and factor models of test and item responses
This article discusses 2 alternatives to the factor model for test or item responses. From the two alternative models, proximity measures are derived so that the proximity measures are within an additive constant of squared euclidean distances between item or test parameters. Hence, multidimensional scaling (MDS) can be used to estimate the item parameters in the alternative models. Solutions that are based on the models are compared. In light of…
Religious Bias in Moral Development Research
The present article reports two studies in which the validity of the Defining Issues Test (DI[T; Rest 1979) for conservative religious people was examined. In Study 1 we found that from 16 to 25 (of 72) DIT items had differential functioning; that is, the items were measuring a different construct for conservative religious subjects. Study 2 provided evidence that a large proportion of the differential item functioning observed in Study 1 was due…
High School Mathematics Course-Taking by Gender and Ethnicity
The 1990 NAEP transcript data were used to study the number of Carnegie units (CUs) earned by students in seven categories of mathematics courses plus a miscellaneous category. On average, students earned 3.11 CUs, slightly more than the minimum of 3 suggested in A Nation at Risk ( National Commission on Excellence in Education, 1983 ). Fifty-four percent of the CUs were earned in the standard high school sequence (Algebra 1 and 2 and geometry), …
Gender Differences by Item Difficulty Interactions in Multiple-Choice Mathematics Items
From the finding that males are more variable than females on mathematics test scores, it is argued that one might expect a gender-by-item-difficulty interaction such that easy items are easier for females than for males and hard items are harder for females than for males. This prediction was tested in two studies using data from nine forms of a basic skills test in mathematics. The hypothesis was generally supported. For each form, there was a …
Estimating Cognitive Profiles Using Profile Analysis via Multidimensional Scaling (Pams)
Two of the most popular methods of profile analysis, cluster analysis and modal profile analysis, have limitations. First, neither technique is adequate when the sample size is large. Second, neither method will necessarily provide profile information in terms of both level and pattern. A new method of profile analysis, called Profile Analysis via Multidimensional Scaling (PAMS; Davison, 1996), is introduced to meet the challenge. PAMS extends th…
Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Profile Analysis via Multidimensional Scaling
This paper describes the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) parameterization of the Profile Analysis via Multidimensional Scaling (PAMS) model to demonstrate validation of profile pattern hypotheses derived from multidimensional scaling (MDS). Profile Analysis via Multidimensional Scaling (PAMS) is an exploratory method for identifying major profiles in a multi-subtest test battery. Major profile patterns are represented as dimensions extracted f…
Assessing Fit and Dimensionality in Least Squares Metric Multidimensional Scaling Using Akaike’s Information Criterion
Akaike’s information criterion is suggested as a tool for evaluating fit and dimensionality in metric multidimensional scaling that uses least squares methods of estimation. This criterion combines the least squares loss function with the number of estimated parameters. Numerical examples are presented. The results from analyses of both simulation data and real data demonstrate the utility of the Akaike’s information criterion in identifying the …
The Justification of Beliefs in Young Adults
Recent work on adult thought has focused on the emergence of relativistic, dialectic, or integrative assumptions about knowledge. In 1981, Kitchener and King developed a model of reflective judgment that describes seven sets of assumptions about reality and knowledge and corresponding concepts of intellectual justification. This article reports a 2-year longitudinal study of three groups of adolescents and young adults (n = 59) who were tested on…
Factor Analytic Modeling of Within Person Variation in Score Profiles
A profile is a vector of scores for one examinee. The mean score in the vector can be interpreted as a measure of overall profile height, the variance can be interpreted as a measure of within person variation, and the ipsatized vector of score deviations about the mean can be said to describe the pattern in the score profile. A within person pattern interpretation of orthogonal factor loadings is developed. A statistic is proposed to index the a…
Predictors of Patients’ Perceived Need for Medication to Prevent Fracture
BACKGROUND: Adherence with medications to prevent fractures is suboptimal. Patients' perceived need for medication is an important predictor of medication-use behavior. OBJECTIVE: Estimate the associations of patients' perceived need of medication for fracture prevention with objective indicators of fracture risk, patients' concerns about medications, and the quality of the patient-physician relationship. RESEARCH DESIGN: Cross-sectional medical …
On the Reliability and Validity of a Numerical Reasoning Speed Dimension Derived From Response Times Collected in Computerized Testing
Data from 181 college students were used to assess whether math reasoning item response times in computerized testing can provide valid and reliable measures of a speed dimension. The alternate forms reliability of the speed dimension was .85. A two-dimensional structural equation model suggests that the speed dimension is related to the accuracy of speeded responses. Speed factor scores were significantly correlated with performance on the ACT m…
Psychology (30 obras) · Mathematics (18 obras) · Statistics (15 obras) · Computer Science (12 obras) · Psychometrics (11 obras) · Developmental psychology (10 obras) · Social Psychology (9 obras) · Clinical Psychology (7 obras) · Multidimensional scaling (7 obras) · Test (biology) (7 obras)