Gary O Rollefson
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 319545 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Gary O Rollefson |
| PRENOMES | Gary |
| SOBRENOME | O Rollefson |
| ASSINATURA | ROLLEFSON G O |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Whitman College |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1083-6675 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 58 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 282 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 58 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1980 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
Not a place for respectable people, but the ends of the earth converge there
New data, recovered by the Eastern Badia Archaeological Project, from substantial structures at Wisad Pools have provided insights into the nature and context of eastern Jordan’s Black Desert Neolithic cultural complex, dating to between c. 7000 and 5000 cal. BC. Hunter-herder-trapper communities, with economies based partially on ante-mortem exploitation of domestic sheep, were adept at maintaining a balance between local and non-local adaptatio…
Using Phytolith, Geochemical and Ethnographic Analysis to Inform on Site Construction and Activities in the Neolithic of Southwest Asia
This paper explores what can be learned about settlement construction and use in the southwest Asian Neolithic from phytolith, geochemical and ethnographic analysis. This period was targeted because, despite its importance, our understanding of building practices and use of space within settlements is sometimes limited. We chose the sites of WF16 and ‘Ain Ghazal as case studies and compared them with ethnographic samples of known origin from the …
The palaeoenvironmental potential of the eastern Jordanian desert basins (Qe'an)
Inscribed landscapes in the Black Desert
Petroglyphs are well known in the Negev, eastern and southern Jordan, and the Arabian Peninsula. Intensive documentation of hundreds of petroglyphs at the site of Wisad Pools in the Black Desert of eastern Jordan records animals, humans, hunting traps and geometric designs, connecting people and places to the larger landscape. These were recorded at the landscape scale with drones and photogrammetry, and the local scale through the construction o…
The Lower and Middle Paleolithic of the Southern Levant
The Lower Palaeolithic of Jordan
The Late Neolithic Presence in the Black Desert
Major cultural transformations took place in the southern Levant during the late prehistoric periods (ca. mid-seventh through fourth millenna B.C.E.). General syntheses rarely include more than cursory mention of the more arid regions of the southern Levant (Negev, eastern and southern Jordan). The Eastern Badia Archaeological Project [EBAP] study area comprises a west–east transect across the southern part of the eastern badia, selected to inclu…
The Brown University Petra Archaeological Project
In three field seasons, between 2010 and 2012, the Brown University Petra Archaeological Project (BUPAP) conducted a diachronic archaeological survey of the northern hinterland of Petra, Jordan. While regional reconnaissance has a long history in Jordan, it has rarely been conducted with the “intensive” methodologies today characteristic of projects elsewhere, most proximately in the Mediterranean. Such an approach is ideally suited for the terri…
Genomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient Near East
First chronometric results for 'works of the old men
Optimal Ancient DNA Yields from the Inner Ear Part of the Human Petrous Bone
The invention and development of next or second generation sequencing methods has resulted in a dramatic transformation of ancient DNA research and allowed shotgun sequencing of entire genomes from fossil specimens. However, although there are exceptions, most fossil specimens contain only low (~ 1% or less) percentages of endogenous DNA. The only skeletal element for which a systematically higher endogenous DNA content compared to other skeletal…
Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating and spatial analysis of geometric lines in the Northern Arabian Desert
The “land of conjecture
Major cultural transformations took place in the southern Levant during the late prehistoric periods (ca. late 7th–4th millennia b.c.). Agropastoralists expanded into areas previously only sparsely occupied and secondary animal products played an increasingly important economic role. In the arable parts of the southern Levant, the olive in particular became increasingly significant and may have played a part in expanded exchange contacts in the r…
The Late Neolithic colonization of the Eastern Badia of Jordan
Pioneering research by Betts and by Garrard in the eastern steppe and desert of Jordan demonstrated the presence of Late Neolithic (c. 7000–5000 cal bc) pastoral exploitation of this currently arid/hyper-arid region, but the scale of Late Neolithic presence in the area was difficult to assess from the reports of their surveys and excavations. Recent investigations by the Eastern Badia Archaeological Project at Wisad Pools and the Wadi al-Qattafi …
Late Prehistoric Aggregation Patterns in Jordan’s Eastern Badia
Depuis plus de trente ans, la recherche archéologique s’est intéressée à l’étude de la fin de la période préhistorique et à la protohistoire de la région du Désert Noir de basalte jordanien. Les travaux récents effectués ces cinq dernières années ont permis d’éclaircir de nombreux aspects des modalités d’exploitation de ce territoire et de ses ressources au cours du Néolithique récent, du Chalcolithique et de l’âge du Bronze ancien. Plusieurs sec…
The decline of the early Neolithic population center of 'Ain Ghazal and corresponding earth-surface processes, Jordan Rift Valley
'Ain Ghazal is among the earliest large population centers known in the Middle East. A total of four major stratigraphic cultural units have been identified: 1) The oldest Middle Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (MPPNB) unit (10.2 to 9.5 cal ka BP) clearly corresponds with the early Holocene maximum Dead Sea levels. 2) The second unit consists of Late Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (LPPNB) in situ walls and hearths. 3) In the subsequent PPNC (8.9 to 8.6 cal ka B…
The Greening of the Badlands
Jacques Cauvin’s view of Neolithization in the Levant concentrated very little on how the symbols revolution might have applied to the development of the exploitation of non-farmable territory in the steppe and desert areas of the region. New areas of research in the past decade have made it possible to understand the forces behind the emergence and refinement of pastoral nomadism and the kinds of social, economic, and political adjustments that …
The Impact of Rapid Climate Change on Prehistoric Societies during the Holocene in the Eastern Mediterranean
In this paper we explore the impact of Rapid Climate Change (RCC) on prehistoric communities in the Eastern Mediterranean during the Early and Middle Holocene. Our focus is on the social implications of the four major climate cold anomalies that have recently been identified as key time-windows for global RCC (Mayewski et al. 2004). These cooling anomalies are well-dated, with Greenland ice-core resolution, due to synchronicity between warm/cold …
Climate Forcing Due to the 8200 Cal yr BP Event Observed at Early Neolithic Sites in the Eastern Mediterranean
We explore the hypothesis that the abrupt drainage of Laurentide lakes and associated rapid switch of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation 8200 yr ago had a catastrophic influence on Neolithic civilisation in large parts of southeastern Europe, Anatolia, Cyprus, and the Near East. The event at 8200 cal yr BP is observed in a large number of high-resolution climate proxies in the Northern Hemisphere, and in many cases corresponds to markedl…
Late Acheulian Variability in the Southern Levant
The Wadi Sirhan Project
This report describes the results of a short archaeological reconnaissance of two areas in the greater Wadi Sirhan basin, the Wadi Hudruj gorge in the south and the Jibaal al-Tharwa in the north. This resulted in the discovery of over twenty new sites, ranging in date from the Middle Palaeolithic to the Early Bronze Age. Analysis of the results exposed significant differences between the two areas. Although northern parts of the Wadi Sirhan basin…
The Acheulian Industry in The al-Jafr Basin of Southeastern Jordan
GARY O. ROLLEFSON, LESLIE A. QUINTERO, PHILIP J. WILKE, The Acheulian Industry in the al-Jafr Basin of Southeastern Jordan, Mitekufat Haeven: Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society / מתקופת האבן, כרך ל"ה (תשס"ו / 2005), pp. 53-68
Neolithic in Turkey. The Cradle of Civilization
The Birth of the Gods and the Origins of Agriculture . Jacques Cauvin and Trevor Watkins
From Flint Mine to Fan Scraper
Reported here is the discovery of an enormous industry for the production of cortical flake blanks in the el-Jafr Basin of southeastern Jordan. The industry is believed to have supplied the blanks for production of fan scrapers (tabular scrapers, cortical flake knives, etc.) perhaps as early as the Chalcolithic and during the Early Bronze Age. The 79 recorded sites include large quarries over 12 ha in area, and three trench mines. The sites also …
Neolithic Cultures at 'Ain Ghazal, Jordan
Neolithic 'Ain Ghazal (Jordan)
Excavations in 1984 and 1985 at the Neolithic village of 'Ain Ghazal, Jordan, have greatly increased our understanding of the ritual and ceremonial aspects of the PPNB inhabitants of the site, including two more caches of plaster human statuary. There are close parallels with Jericho in terms of human representation and burial practices
Ritual and Ceremony at Neolithic Ain Ghazal (Jordan)
Ain Ghazal is one of the largest Early Neolithic villages in the Near East, covering some ten to eleven hectares in extent. In 1983 a cache of twenty-two human statues and busts was discovered which will provide an unparalleled foundation for investigating early art and symbolism during this crucial period of cultural development. These human figures, as well as smaller human and animal figurines and two plastered skulls from Ain Ghazal, are brie…
PPNC adaptations in the first half of the 6th millennium B.C
La stratégie de subsistance combinant agriculture et élevage, maintenue au PPNB pendant le début du 7L millénaire (MPPNB) dans la partie centrale et méridionale du Levant, a gravement compromis les équilibres écologiques dans le voisinage des établissements agricoles, ce qui a mené sans doute à l'abandon généralisé des villages dès 6 500 B.C. Les solutions apportées vers la fin du 7e millénaire (LPPNB) sont mal connues dans la région. Vers le déb…
Synthèse
Rollefson Gary Orin. Synthèse : The Late Aceramic Neolithic of the Levant : A Synthesis. In: Paléorient, 1989, vol. 15, n°1. pp. 168-173
Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating and spatial analysis of geometric lines in the Northern Arabian Desert
Three late eighth millennium plastered faces from 'Ain Ghazal, Jordan
Three fragmentary faces originally plastered on skulls are discussed : their excavation history, conservation treatment, and technical analysis. Deposited during the Pre-pottery Neolithic В in a shallow pit at the site of 'Ain Ghazal, Jordan, the modelled faces had apparently been broken off the skulls. Only plaster was found, and the absence of the skulls enabled many aspects of manufacture to be determined during reassembly. Skulls without thei…
Early neolithic exploitation patterns in the Levant
The “land of conjecture
Major cultural transformations took place in the southern Levant during the late prehistoric periods (ca. late 7th–4th millennia b.c.). Agropastoralists expanded into areas previously only sparsely occupied and secondary animal products played an increasingly important economic role. In the arable parts of the southern Levant, the olive in particular became increasingly significant and may have played a part in expanded exchange contacts in the r…
The Aceramic Neolithic of the Southern Levant
Recent re-evaluations of absolute chronologies for the Neolithic of the southern Levant have necessitated a reassessment of the events that transpired during the 7th-6th millennia. It now appears that the severe disruption of settlement patterns at the end of the 7th millennium was preceded by a major dislocation of population distribution at about 6,500 b.c. Evidence from 'Ain Ghazal indicates that the principal factors that caused both disturba…
A Decorated Skull from MPPNB 'Ain Ghazal
A fragile human skull removed in a block of earth from 'Ain Ghazal in 1984 was excavated in the laboratory in 1997. The bone preserves evidence of a reddish pigment and a black substance - possibly bitumen - but since the face was missing, it is not certain if this decorated skull was also modeled in plaster. The combination of the use of red pigment and a black material (bitumen ?) reflects another facet of the variability accorded to certain hu…
Ain Ghazal (Jordan)
Six excavation campaigns have been undertaken at 'Ain Ghazal since the last report on ritual and ceremony was published in Paléorient. Of particular importance have been the past four seasons, which have produced some architectural remains that are probably best interpreted as shrines and temples
The Late Acheulean Site at Fjaje, Wadi el-Bustan, Southern Jordan
The large Lower Paleolithic site at Fjaje, near the Crusader fortress of Shobak in southern Jordan, extends over approximately six hectares. The bifaces indicate that the occupations are primarily of Late Acheulean affiliation, probably contemporaneous with Umm Qatafa Dl in Palestine, but the flake implement sample is very similar to the industry from the earliest occupations in the Tabun Cave in Mt Carmel. Combined with the analysis of the Fjaje…
A Brief note on the fauna from Neolithic 'Ain Ghazal
New information on the faunal remains from 'Ain Ghazal is presented. Material from the LPPNB period, although the sample is small, indicates that the residents at the site responded to a culturally degraded environment by increasing their reliance on domesticated ovicaprids in the latter half of the 7th millennium ВС
A Middle Acheulian surface site from Wadi Uweinid, Eastern Jordan
A surface scatter of Lower Paleolithic bifaces and cores was discovered in a small wadi, the Wadi Uweinid, in eastern Jordan in the vicinity of the Pleistocene Lake Azraq. Features of lithic technology and metric comparisons indicate that the material derives from the Middle Acheulian, which greatly extends the known history of hominid occupation in this part of the Near East
Inscribed landscapes in the Black Desert
Petroglyphs are well known in the Negev, eastern and southern Jordan, and the Arabian Peninsula. Intensive documentation of hundreds of petroglyphs at the site of Wisad Pools in the Black Desert of eastern Jordan records animals, humans, hunting traps and geometric designs, connecting people and places to the larger landscape. These were recorded at the landscape scale with drones and photogrammetry, and the local scale through the construction o…
The Late Neolithic Presence in the Black Desert
Major cultural transformations took place in the southern Levant during the late prehistoric periods (ca. mid-seventh through fourth millenna B.C.E.). General syntheses rarely include more than cursory mention of the more arid regions of the southern Levant (Negev, eastern and southern Jordan). The Eastern Badia Archaeological Project [EBAP] study area comprises a west–east transect across the southern part of the eastern badia, selected to inclu…
The Brown University Petra Archaeological Project
In three field seasons, between 2010 and 2012, the Brown University Petra Archaeological Project (BUPAP) conducted a diachronic archaeological survey of the northern hinterland of Petra, Jordan. While regional reconnaissance has a long history in Jordan, it has rarely been conducted with the “intensive” methodologies today characteristic of projects elsewhere, most proximately in the Mediterranean. Such an approach is ideally suited for the terri…
Neolithic Chipped Stone Technology at 'Ain Ghazal, Jordan
Les fouilles effectuées en 1984 dans le secteur sud du gisement d'Ain Ghazal, en Jordanie, ont révélé artefacts et structures dans un contexte Néolithique acéramique. Stratigraphiquement, ceux-ci étaient situés sous des couches à poterie identifiées comme appartenant à la phase yarmoukienne du Néolithique céramique. Dans les couches acéramiques, de nombreux traits font toutefois supposer que l'ensemble acéramique était distinct de la phase cultur…
First chronometric results for 'works of the old men
Late Acheulian Variability in the Southern Levant
The Origins of the Yarmoukian at 'Ain Ghazal
Des migrations tie populations venant du Nord ont longtemps été avec céramique dans le Levant sud. Les fouilles effectuées à 'Ain Ghazal et ont livré d'abondantes preuves permettant de rejeter ce point de vue, du moir, est démontrée en termes de chronologie, stratigraphie, architecture, technolog socio-culturels. Ainsi le Yarmoukien doit être considéré comme une émanat'u. nvoquées pour expliquer l'apparition du Néolithique ur d'autres sites du ôè…
The Greening of the Badlands
Jacques Cauvin’s view of Neolithization in the Levant concentrated very little on how the symbols revolution might have applied to the development of the exploitation of non-farmable territory in the steppe and desert areas of the region. New areas of research in the past decade have made it possible to understand the forces behind the emergence and refinement of pastoral nomadism and the kinds of social, economic, and political adjustments that …
Neolithic Cultures at 'Ain Ghazal, Jordan
Les resultats de 6 campagnes de fouille (1982-1989) a Ain Ghazal conduisent a une revision de la sequence neolithique du Levant. 4 phases d'occupation a Ain Ghazal : Neolithique preceramique B moyen, preceramique B final, preceramique C et Yarmoukien s'etendent sur une periode ininterrompue de 7 250 a 5 000 B.C. et de nets changements dans la taille de l'habitat, l'architecture, la typologie et la technologie lithique, la fabrication de la cerami…
Reply to comments by Hans Nissen and Jean Perrot
Rollefson G. O., Köhler-Rollefson Ilse. Reply to comments by Hans Nissen and Jean Perrot. In: Paléorient, 1993, vol. 19, n°1. pp. 183-185
Late Acheulian Artifacts from ʿAin el-Assad ("Lion's Spring"), near Azraq, Eastern Jordan
The Late Acheulean Site at Fjaje, Wadi el-Bustan, Southern Jordan
The large Lower Paleolithic site at Fjaje, near the Crusader fortress of Shobak in southern Jordan, extends over approximately six hectares. The bifaces indicate that the occupations are primarily of Late Acheulean affiliation, probably contemporaneous with Umm Qatafa Dl in Palestine, but the flake implement sample is very similar to the industry from the earliest occupations in the Tabun Cave in Mt Carmel. Combined with the analysis of the Fjaje…
Two Seasons of Excavations at ʿAin el-Assad near Azraq, Eastern Jordan, 1980-1981
Ritual and Ceremony at Neolithic Ain Ghazal (Jordan)
Ain Ghazal is one of the largest Early Neolithic villages in the Near East, covering some ten to eleven hectares in extent. In 1983 a cache of twenty-two human statues and busts was discovered which will provide an unparalleled foundation for investigating early art and symbolism during this crucial period of cultural development. These human figures, as well as smaller human and animal figurines and two plastered skulls from Ain Ghazal, are brie…
ʿAin Ghazal
Neolithic 'Ain Ghazal (Jordan)
Neolithic 'Ain Ghazal (Jordan)
In 1974 road construction near Amman, Jordan, revealed the large Pre-Pottery Neolithic B site of 'Ain Ghazal. Subsequent excavations in 1982 and 1983 suggest that this village site rivals contemporary Jericho in importance. This report briefly reviews the preliminary results of the first two seasons, discussing the various findings. Particularly significant was the recovery in 1983 of a cache of plaster statues. These represent some of the earlie…
A Middle Acheulian surface site from Wadi Uweinid, Eastern Jordan
A surface scatter of Lower Paleolithic bifaces and cores was discovered in a small wadi, the Wadi Uweinid, in eastern Jordan in the vicinity of the Pleistocene Lake Azraq. Features of lithic technology and metric comparisons indicate that the material derives from the Middle Acheulian, which greatly extends the known history of hominid occupation in this part of the Near East
Khirbet Hammām
During the 1979 Wādī el-Ḥasā Survey, Khirbet Hammān was discovered on the southeastern slopes of the Wādī el-Ḥasā. Artifacts collected included chipped stone and groundstone assemblages that dated the site typologically to Pre-Pottery Neolithic B. Remnants of architecture and settlement evidence from the same period are discussed. The site has many features similar to late PPNB at Jericho, Beidha and ʿAīn Ghazāl
Lithic Artifacts from the Umm Ad-Danānīr Region of the Baqʿah Valley
Although the absolute number of chipped stone artifacts recovered during the surveys in the Umm ad-Danānīr region of the Baqʿah Valley was small, analysis of the material from typological, technological, and physical condition aspects suggests that they represent a wide range of time. Human exploitation of the Baqʿah Valley began not later than the Middle Palaeolithic period and appears to have been continuous, if only temporary, through the succ…
Neolithic 'Ain Ghazal (Jordan)
Excavations in 1984 and 1985 at the Neolithic village of 'Ain Ghazal, Jordan, have greatly increased our understanding of the ritual and ceremonial aspects of the PPNB inhabitants of the site, including two more caches of plaster human statuary. There are close parallels with Jericho in terms of human representation and burial practices
Das Akeramische Neolithikum Vorderasiens
Abstracts — Second Symposium on Upper Paleolithic
Synthèse
Rollefson Gary Orin. Synthèse : The Late Aceramic Neolithic of the Levant : A Synthesis. In: Paléorient, 1989, vol. 15, n°1. pp. 168-173
The Aceramic Neolithic of the Southern Levant
Recent re-evaluations of absolute chronologies for the Neolithic of the southern Levant have necessitated a reassessment of the events that transpired during the 7th-6th millennia. It now appears that the severe disruption of settlement patterns at the end of the 7th millennium was preceded by a major dislocation of population distribution at about 6,500 b.c. Evidence from 'Ain Ghazal indicates that the principal factors that caused both disturba…
Field Report
Excavations in 1988 at Neolithic 'Ain Ghazal in central Jordan have recovered a well-preserved specimen of a plastered human cranium. This conforms to other examples known from Levantine Neolithic sites, notably Jericho. The 'Ain Ghazal skull adds to a very limited assemblage of comparanda, and allows rare insight into both ritual and artistic behaviors
News and Short Contributions
Alan H. Simmons, Ann Boulton, Carol Roetzel Butler, Zeidan Kafafi, Gary O. Rollefson, Thomas Pozorski, Shelia Pozorski, John J. Shea, Simon Holdaway, William J. Hunt, Jr., Joseph Brandon, News and Short Contributions, Journal of Field Archaeology, Vol. 17, No. 1 (Spring, 1990), pp. 107-121
Neolithic Chipped Stone Technology at 'Ain Ghazal, Jordan
Les fouilles effectuées en 1984 dans le secteur sud du gisement d'Ain Ghazal, en Jordanie, ont révélé artefacts et structures dans un contexte Néolithique acéramique. Stratigraphiquement, ceux-ci étaient situés sous des couches à poterie identifiées comme appartenant à la phase yarmoukienne du Néolithique céramique. Dans les couches acéramiques, de nombreux traits font toutefois supposer que l'ensemble acéramique était distinct de la phase cultur…
A Neolithic Game Board from ʿAin Ghazal, Jordan
A game board found during the 1989 excavation season at ʿAin Ghazal, Jordan in a Neolithic context can be dated approximately to 5870 ± 240 b. c. (uncalibrated). It is a subrectangular stone slab with two rows of six depressions, resembling the modern-day mancala or wari game boards in use throughout the Arab world and Africa. The game board has parallels with game boards from Neolithic and Bronze Age sites in the Near East, notably Neolithic Bei…
Early neolithic exploitation patterns in the Levant
Neolithic Cultures at 'Ain Ghazal, Jordan
Les resultats de 6 campagnes de fouille (1982-1989) a Ain Ghazal conduisent a une revision de la sequence neolithique du Levant. 4 phases d'occupation a Ain Ghazal : Neolithique preceramique B moyen, preceramique B final, preceramique C et Yarmoukien s'etendent sur une periode ininterrompue de 7 250 a 5 000 B.C. et de nets changements dans la taille de l'habitat, l'architecture, la typologie et la technologie lithique, la fabrication de la cerami…
Neolithic Cultures at 'Ain Ghazal, Jordan
Excavations at Beidha Vol. 1
A Brief note on the fauna from Neolithic 'Ain Ghazal
New information on the faunal remains from 'Ain Ghazal is presented. Material from the LPPNB period, although the sample is small, indicates that the residents at the site responded to a culturally degraded environment by increasing their reliance on domesticated ovicaprids in the latter half of the 7th millennium ВС
PPNC adaptations in the first half of the 6th millennium B.C
La stratégie de subsistance combinant agriculture et élevage, maintenue au PPNB pendant le début du 7L millénaire (MPPNB) dans la partie centrale et méridionale du Levant, a gravement compromis les équilibres écologiques dans le voisinage des établissements agricoles, ce qui a mené sans doute à l'abandon généralisé des villages dès 6 500 B.C. Les solutions apportées vers la fin du 7e millénaire (LPPNB) sont mal connues dans la région. Vers le déb…
Archaeology (52 obras) · Geography (50 obras) · History (41 obras) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (39 obras) · Ancient history (31 obras) · History (30 obras) · Archaeology and Historical Studies (23 obras) · Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (20 obras) · Ancient Egypt and Archaeology (18 obras) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (16 obras)