E Xoplaki
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 33134 |
|---|---|
| NOME | E Xoplaki |
| PRENOMES | E |
| SOBRENOME | Xoplaki |
| ASSINATURA | XOPLAKI E |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2745-2467 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 18 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 15 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 18 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2004 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 2 |
Atmospheric patterns drive marine heatwaves in the North Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea during summer 2023
The year 2023 experienced record-breaking marine heatwaves (MHWs) across the North Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea, contributing to the highest global surface air and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) on record. These events were exceptional in intensity, persistence, and spatial extent, reflecting the combined influence of anthropogenic warming, short-term climate modes and complex atmosphere-ocean interactions. This study investigates the large-sc…
The First Pandemic
The First Plague Pandemic in the Byzantine Empire – Toward a New Dynamic Consensus
The Circulation of Yersinia pestis in Central Eurasia before and during the First Plague Pandemic (Second to Eighth Century CE)
Modern Yersinia pestis genomes show the greatest diversity of the plague pathogen in Central Eurasia. This region is now widely linked to the origins of the Y. pestis lineages responsible for two historic plague pandemics: one starting with the so-called “Justinianic Plague” of the mid-sixth century and the other with the “Black Death” of the mid-fourteenth century. These pandemics have mostly been studied in the Mediterranean region and Europe. …
The Emergence of Interdisciplinary Environmental History
With the efflorescence of palaeoscientific approaches to the past, historians have been confronted with a wealth of new evidence on both human and natural phenomena, from human disease and migration to landscape change and climate. These new data require a rewriting of our narratives of the past, questioning what constitutes an authoritative historical source and who is entitled to recount history to contemporary societies. Humanities-based histo…
Palaeoclimatology of Byzantine Lands (AD 300–1500)
This chapter begins with an overview of the climate system and then provides spatial maps of seasonal temperature, precipitation, and drought for the central and eastern Mediterranean covering the past 70 years. We then present the basic concepts of palaeoclimatology, i.e. how to derive quantitative climate information from documentary and natural proxies for the pre-instrumental period. We discuss the availability, distribution, potential, and l…
L'émergence d'une histoire environnementale interdisciplinaire
Avec l'efflorescence des approches paléoscientifiques du passé, les historiens ont été confrontés à une multitude de nouveaux indices sur des phénomènes tant humains que naturels, des maladies aux migrations en passant par les transformations du paysage et le climat. Ces données inédites exigent une réécriture des récits portant sur les périodes lointaines, remettant en cause à la fois les fondements de l'autorité des sources historiques traditio…
Towards a rigorous understanding of societal responses to climate change
Representation of low-tropospheric temperature inversions in ECMWF reanalyses over Europe
Despite the fact that tropospheric temperature inversions are thought to be an important feature of climate as well as a significant factor affecting air quality, low-level cloud formation, and the radiation budget of the Earth, a quantitative assessment of their representation in atmospheric reanalyses is yet missing. Here, we provide new evidence of the occurrence of low-tropospheric temperature inversions and associated uncertainties in their …
European warm-season temperature and hydroclimate since 850 CE
The long-term relationship between temperature and hydroclimate has remained uncertain due to the short length of instrumental measurements and inconsistent results from climate model simulations. This lack of understanding is particularly critical with regard to projected drought and flood risks. Here we assess warm-season co-variability patterns between temperature and hydroclimate over Europe back to 850 CE using instrumental measurements, tre…
Detection of human influences on temperature seasonality from the nineteenth century
Modelling Climate and Societal Resilience in the Eastern Mediterranean in the Last Millennium
This article analyses high-quality hydroclimate proxy records and spatial reconstructions from the Central and Eastern Mediterranean and compares them with two Earth System Model simulations (CCSM4, MPI-ESM-P) for the Crusader period in the Levant (1095-1290 CE), the Mamluk regime in Transjordan (1260-1516 CE) and the Ottoman crisis and Celâlî Rebellion (1580-1610 CE). During the three time intervals, environmental and climatic stress tested the …
Realising consilience
This paper reviews the methodological and practical issues relevant to the ways in which natural scientists, historians and archaeologists may collaborate in the study of past climatic changes in the Mediterranean basin. We begin by discussing the methodologies of these three disciplines in the context of the consilience debate, that is, attempts to unify different research methodologies that address similar problems. We demonstrate that there ar…
European summer temperatures since Roman times
The spatial context is criticalwhen assessing present-day climate anomalies, attributing them to potential forcings and making statements regarding their frequency and severity in a long-term perspective. Recent international initiatives have expanded the number of high-quality proxy-records and developed new statistical reconstruction methods. These advances allow more rigorous regional past temperature reconstructions and, in turn, the possibil…
Modified climate with long term memory in tree ring proxies
Long term memory (LTM) scaling behavior in worldwide tree-ring proxies and subsequent climate reconstructions is analyzed for and compared with the memory structure inherent to instrumental temperature and precipitation data. Detrended fluctuation analysis is employed to detect LTM, and its scaling exponent a is used to evaluate LTM. The results show that temperature and precipitation reconstructions based on ring width measurements (mean α = 0.8…
The Climate and Environment of Byzantine Anatolia
The integration of high-resolution archaeological, textual, and environmental data with longer-term, low-resolution data affords greater precision in identifying some of the causal relationships underlying societal change. Regional and microregional case studies about the Byzantine world-in particular, Anatolia, which for several centuries was the heart of that world-reveal many of the difficulties that researchers face when attempting to assess …
Governing and managing water resources under changing hydro-climatic contexts
European Seasonal and Annual Temperature Variability, Trends, and Extremes Since 1500
Multiproxy reconstructions of monthly and seasonal surface temperature fields for Europe back to 1500 show that the late 20th- and early 21st-century European climate is very likely (>95% confidence level) warmer than that of any time during the past 500 years. This agrees with findings for the entire Northern Hemisphere. European winter average temperatures during the period 1500 to 1900 were reduced by ∼0.5°C (0.25°C for annual mean temperature…
The Climate and Environment of Byzantine Anatolia
The integration of high-resolution archaeological, textual, and environmental data with longer-term, low-resolution data affords greater precision in identifying some of the causal relationships underlying societal change. Regional and microregional case studies about the Byzantine world-in particular, Anatolia, which for several centuries was the heart of that world-reveal many of the difficulties that researchers face when attempting to assess …
L'émergence d'une histoire environnementale interdisciplinaire
Avec l'efflorescence des approches paléoscientifiques du passé, les historiens ont été confrontés à une multitude de nouveaux indices sur des phénomènes tant humains que naturels, des maladies aux migrations en passant par les transformations du paysage et le climat. Ces données inédites exigent une réécriture des récits portant sur les périodes lointaines, remettant en cause à la fois les fondements de l'autorité des sources historiques traditio…
European Seasonal and Annual Temperature Variability, Trends, and Extremes Since 1500
Multiproxy reconstructions of monthly and seasonal surface temperature fields for Europe back to 1500 show that the late 20th- and early 21st-century European climate is very likely (>95% confidence level) warmer than that of any time during the past 500 years. This agrees with findings for the entire Northern Hemisphere. European winter average temperatures during the period 1500 to 1900 were reduced by ∼0.5°C (0.25°C for annual mean temperature…
Governing and managing water resources under changing hydro-climatic contexts
The Climate and Environment of Byzantine Anatolia
The integration of high-resolution archaeological, textual, and environmental data with longer-term, low-resolution data affords greater precision in identifying some of the causal relationships underlying societal change. Regional and microregional case studies about the Byzantine world-in particular, Anatolia, which for several centuries was the heart of that world-reveal many of the difficulties that researchers face when attempting to assess …
Modified climate with long term memory in tree ring proxies
Long term memory (LTM) scaling behavior in worldwide tree-ring proxies and subsequent climate reconstructions is analyzed for and compared with the memory structure inherent to instrumental temperature and precipitation data. Detrended fluctuation analysis is employed to detect LTM, and its scaling exponent a is used to evaluate LTM. The results show that temperature and precipitation reconstructions based on ring width measurements (mean α = 0.8…
Realising consilience
This paper reviews the methodological and practical issues relevant to the ways in which natural scientists, historians and archaeologists may collaborate in the study of past climatic changes in the Mediterranean basin. We begin by discussing the methodologies of these three disciplines in the context of the consilience debate, that is, attempts to unify different research methodologies that address similar problems. We demonstrate that there ar…
European summer temperatures since Roman times
The spatial context is criticalwhen assessing present-day climate anomalies, attributing them to potential forcings and making statements regarding their frequency and severity in a long-term perspective. Recent international initiatives have expanded the number of high-quality proxy-records and developed new statistical reconstruction methods. These advances allow more rigorous regional past temperature reconstructions and, in turn, the possibil…
Modelling Climate and Societal Resilience in the Eastern Mediterranean in the Last Millennium
This article analyses high-quality hydroclimate proxy records and spatial reconstructions from the Central and Eastern Mediterranean and compares them with two Earth System Model simulations (CCSM4, MPI-ESM-P) for the Crusader period in the Levant (1095-1290 CE), the Mamluk regime in Transjordan (1260-1516 CE) and the Ottoman crisis and Celâlî Rebellion (1580-1610 CE). During the three time intervals, environmental and climatic stress tested the …
European warm-season temperature and hydroclimate since 850 CE
The long-term relationship between temperature and hydroclimate has remained uncertain due to the short length of instrumental measurements and inconsistent results from climate model simulations. This lack of understanding is particularly critical with regard to projected drought and flood risks. Here we assess warm-season co-variability patterns between temperature and hydroclimate over Europe back to 850 CE using instrumental measurements, tre…
Detection of human influences on temperature seasonality from the nineteenth century
Representation of low-tropospheric temperature inversions in ECMWF reanalyses over Europe
Despite the fact that tropospheric temperature inversions are thought to be an important feature of climate as well as a significant factor affecting air quality, low-level cloud formation, and the radiation budget of the Earth, a quantitative assessment of their representation in atmospheric reanalyses is yet missing. Here, we provide new evidence of the occurrence of low-tropospheric temperature inversions and associated uncertainties in their …
Towards a rigorous understanding of societal responses to climate change
L'émergence d'une histoire environnementale interdisciplinaire
Avec l'efflorescence des approches paléoscientifiques du passé, les historiens ont été confrontés à une multitude de nouveaux indices sur des phénomènes tant humains que naturels, des maladies aux migrations en passant par les transformations du paysage et le climat. Ces données inédites exigent une réécriture des récits portant sur les périodes lointaines, remettant en cause à la fois les fondements de l'autorité des sources historiques traditio…
The Emergence of Interdisciplinary Environmental History
With the efflorescence of palaeoscientific approaches to the past, historians have been confronted with a wealth of new evidence on both human and natural phenomena, from human disease and migration to landscape change and climate. These new data require a rewriting of our narratives of the past, questioning what constitutes an authoritative historical source and who is entitled to recount history to contemporary societies. Humanities-based histo…
Palaeoclimatology of Byzantine Lands (AD 300–1500)
This chapter begins with an overview of the climate system and then provides spatial maps of seasonal temperature, precipitation, and drought for the central and eastern Mediterranean covering the past 70 years. We then present the basic concepts of palaeoclimatology, i.e. how to derive quantitative climate information from documentary and natural proxies for the pre-instrumental period. We discuss the availability, distribution, potential, and l…
Atmospheric patterns drive marine heatwaves in the North Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea during summer 2023
The year 2023 experienced record-breaking marine heatwaves (MHWs) across the North Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea, contributing to the highest global surface air and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) on record. These events were exceptional in intensity, persistence, and spatial extent, reflecting the combined influence of anthropogenic warming, short-term climate modes and complex atmosphere-ocean interactions. This study investigates the large-sc…
The First Pandemic
The First Plague Pandemic in the Byzantine Empire – Toward a New Dynamic Consensus
The Circulation of Yersinia pestis in Central Eurasia before and during the First Plague Pandemic (Second to Eighth Century CE)
Modern Yersinia pestis genomes show the greatest diversity of the plague pathogen in Central Eurasia. This region is now widely linked to the origins of the Y. pestis lineages responsible for two historic plague pandemics: one starting with the so-called “Justinianic Plague” of the mid-sixth century and the other with the “Black Death” of the mid-fourteenth century. These pandemics have mostly been studied in the Mediterranean region and Europe. …
Geography (14 obras) · Climate change (10 obras) · Environmental Science (10 obras) · Tree-ring climate responses (9 obras) · Climatology (8 obras) · Geology (8 obras) · Climate variability and models (7 obras) · Archaeology (6 obras) · Oceanography (6 obras) · Ecology (5 obras)