Howard S Bloom
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 331600 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Howard S Bloom |
| PRENOMES | Howard S |
| SOBRENOME | Bloom |
| ASSINATURA | BLOOM H S |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 18 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 319 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 18 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1975 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2020 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Lessons from New York City's Small Schools of Choice about High School Features that Promote Graduation for Disadvantaged Students
The present paper uses a rich dataset based on naturally‐occurring lotteries for 68 new small non‐selective high schools in New York City, which we refer to as small schools of choice (SSCs), to address two related questions: (1) What high school features are promising levers for increasing graduation rates for disadvantaged students? and (2) What high school features helped to produce SSCs’ positive impacts on graduation rates? Our findings prov…
Learning About and From a Distribution of Program Impacts Using Multisite Trials
The present article provides a synthesis of the conceptual and statistical issues involved in using multisite randomized trials to learn about and from a distribution of heterogeneous program impacts across individuals and/or program sites. Learning about such a distribution involves estimating its mean value, detecting and quantifying its variation, and estimating site-specific impacts. Learning from such a distribution involves studying the fac…
Can Small High Schools of Choice Improve Educational Prospects for Disadvantaged Students
This paper provides rigorous evidence (for 12, 130 participants in a series of naturally occurring randomized lotteries) that a large‐scale high school reform initiative (New York City's creation of 100+ small high schools of choice between 2002 and 2008) can markedly and consistently increase high school graduation rates (by 9.5 percentage points overall and for many different student subgroups) for a large population of educationally and econom…
A Conceptual Framework for Studying the Sources of Variation in Program Effects
Evaluations of public programs in many fields reveal that different types of programs—or different versions of the same program—vary in their effectiveness. Moreover, a program that is effective for one group of people might not be effective for other groups, and a program that is effective in one set of circumstances may not be effective in other circumstances. This paper presents a conceptual framework for research on such variation in program …
Empirical Benchmarks for Interpreting Effect Sizes in Research
There is no universal guideline or rule of thumb for judging the practical importance or substantive significance of a standardized effect size estimate for an intervention. Instead, one must develop empirical benchmarks of comparison that reflect the nature of the intervention being evaluated, its target population, and the outcome measure or measures being used. This approach is applied to the assessment of effect size measures for educational …
Performance Trajectories and Performance Gaps as Achievement Effect-Size Benchmarks for Educational Interventions
Two complementary approaches to developing empirical benchmarks for achievement effect sizes in educational interventions are explored. The first approach characterizes the natural developmental progress in achievement made by students from one year to the next as effect sizes. Data for seven nationally standardized achievement tests show large annual gains in the early elementary grades followed by gradually declining gains in later grades. A gi…
Using Place-Based Random Assignment and Comparative Interrupted Time-Series Analysis to Evaluate the Jobs-Plus Employment Program for Public Housing Residents
This article describes a place-based research demonstration program to promote and sustain employment among residents of selected public housing developments in six U.S. cities. Because all eligible residents of the participating public housing developments were free to take part in the program, it was not possible to study its impacts in a classical experiment, with random assignment of individual residents to the program or a control group. Ins…
Can Propensity-Score Methods Match the Findings from a Random Assignment Evaluation of Mandatory Welfare-to-Work Programs
This paper assesses nonexperimental estimators using results from a six-state random assignment study of mandatory welfare-to-work programs. The assessment addresses two questions: which nonexperimental methods provide the most accurate estimates; and do the best methods work well enough to replace random assignment? Three tentative conclusions emerge. Nonexperimental bias was larger in the medium run than in the short run. In-state comparison gr…
Linking program implementation and effectiveness
This paper addresses the question: How does implementation influence the effectiveness of mandatory welfare‐to‐work programs? Data from three large‐scale, multi‐site random assignment experiments were pooled; quantitative measures of program implementation were constructed; and multilevel statistical modeling was used to examine the relationship between program implementation and effects on short‐term client earnings. Individual‐level data were a…
Testing a Financial Incentive to Promote Re‐employment among Displaced Workers
Back to Work
Bloom presents findings from the Texas Worker Adjustment Demonstration, a 2,192-person randomized experimental evaluation of reemployment programs for displaced workers conducted at three sites in Texas. This project demonstrated that a relatively inexpensive mix of job-search assistance and limited occupational skills training can be a cost-effective means of assisting displaced workers
Property Taxes and House Values
The Status of Program Evaluation Research
Evaluation Practice in Review
Accounting for No-Shows in Experimental Evaluation Designs
This article examines how to estimate the effect of a program in the presence of no- shows—persons who are assigned to the program but do not participate. The article briefly discusses the methodological problems involved, describes two current experimental evaluations that are subject to these problems, presents several estimators that overcome these problems, outlines the conditions necessary for these estimators to be feasible, and describes t…
Property tax revaluation and tax levy growth
Evaluating Human Service and Correctional Programs By Modeling the Timing of Recidivism
This paper develops and illustrates a new statistical model of recidivism which enables program evaluators to (1) examine short-run program impact on the postponement of recidivism, through estimates of the average time at which recidivism occurs; (2) measure long-run program impact on the prevention of recidivism, through estimates of the ultimate probability ofrecidivism and (3) help determine when individuals have been successful long enough t…
Voter Response to Short-Run Economic Conditions
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Voter Response to Short-Run Economic Conditions
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Linking program implementation and effectiveness
This paper addresses the question: How does implementation influence the effectiveness of mandatory welfare‐to‐work programs? Data from three large‐scale, multi‐site random assignment experiments were pooled; quantitative measures of program implementation were constructed; and multilevel statistical modeling was used to examine the relationship between program implementation and effects on short‐term client earnings. Individual‐level data were a…
A Conceptual Framework for Studying the Sources of Variation in Program Effects
Evaluations of public programs in many fields reveal that different types of programs—or different versions of the same program—vary in their effectiveness. Moreover, a program that is effective for one group of people might not be effective for other groups, and a program that is effective in one set of circumstances may not be effective in other circumstances. This paper presents a conceptual framework for research on such variation in program …
Can Small High Schools of Choice Improve Educational Prospects for Disadvantaged Students
This paper provides rigorous evidence (for 12, 130 participants in a series of naturally occurring randomized lotteries) that a large‐scale high school reform initiative (New York City's creation of 100+ small high schools of choice between 2002 and 2008) can markedly and consistently increase high school graduation rates (by 9.5 percentage points overall and for many different student subgroups) for a large population of educationally and econom…
Property tax revaluation and tax levy growth
Using Place-Based Random Assignment and Comparative Interrupted Time-Series Analysis to Evaluate the Jobs-Plus Employment Program for Public Housing Residents
This article describes a place-based research demonstration program to promote and sustain employment among residents of selected public housing developments in six U.S. cities. Because all eligible residents of the participating public housing developments were free to take part in the program, it was not possible to study its impacts in a classical experiment, with random assignment of individual residents to the program or a control group. Ins…
Learning About and From a Distribution of Program Impacts Using Multisite Trials
The present article provides a synthesis of the conceptual and statistical issues involved in using multisite randomized trials to learn about and from a distribution of heterogeneous program impacts across individuals and/or program sites. Learning about such a distribution involves estimating its mean value, detecting and quantifying its variation, and estimating site-specific impacts. Learning from such a distribution involves studying the fac…
Evaluating Human Service and Correctional Programs By Modeling the Timing of Recidivism
This paper develops and illustrates a new statistical model of recidivism which enables program evaluators to (1) examine short-run program impact on the postponement of recidivism, through estimates of the average time at which recidivism occurs; (2) measure long-run program impact on the prevention of recidivism, through estimates of the ultimate probability ofrecidivism and (3) help determine when individuals have been successful long enough t…
Lessons from New York City's Small Schools of Choice about High School Features that Promote Graduation for Disadvantaged Students
The present paper uses a rich dataset based on naturally‐occurring lotteries for 68 new small non‐selective high schools in New York City, which we refer to as small schools of choice (SSCs), to address two related questions: (1) What high school features are promising levers for increasing graduation rates for disadvantaged students? and (2) What high school features helped to produce SSCs’ positive impacts on graduation rates? Our findings prov…
The Status of Program Evaluation Research
Voter Response to Short-Run Economic Conditions
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Evaluating Human Service and Correctional Programs By Modeling the Timing of Recidivism
This paper develops and illustrates a new statistical model of recidivism which enables program evaluators to (1) examine short-run program impact on the postponement of recidivism, through estimates of the average time at which recidivism occurs; (2) measure long-run program impact on the prevention of recidivism, through estimates of the ultimate probability ofrecidivism and (3) help determine when individuals have been successful long enough t…
Property tax revaluation and tax levy growth
Accounting for No-Shows in Experimental Evaluation Designs
This article examines how to estimate the effect of a program in the presence of no- shows—persons who are assigned to the program but do not participate. The article briefly discusses the methodological problems involved, describes two current experimental evaluations that are subject to these problems, presents several estimators that overcome these problems, outlines the conditions necessary for these estimators to be feasible, and describes t…
Evaluation Practice in Review
Back to Work
Bloom presents findings from the Texas Worker Adjustment Demonstration, a 2,192-person randomized experimental evaluation of reemployment programs for displaced workers conducted at three sites in Texas. This project demonstrated that a relatively inexpensive mix of job-search assistance and limited occupational skills training can be a cost-effective means of assisting displaced workers
Property Taxes and House Values
The Status of Program Evaluation Research
Testing a Financial Incentive to Promote Re‐employment among Displaced Workers
Linking program implementation and effectiveness
This paper addresses the question: How does implementation influence the effectiveness of mandatory welfare‐to‐work programs? Data from three large‐scale, multi‐site random assignment experiments were pooled; quantitative measures of program implementation were constructed; and multilevel statistical modeling was used to examine the relationship between program implementation and effects on short‐term client earnings. Individual‐level data were a…
Can Propensity-Score Methods Match the Findings from a Random Assignment Evaluation of Mandatory Welfare-to-Work Programs
This paper assesses nonexperimental estimators using results from a six-state random assignment study of mandatory welfare-to-work programs. The assessment addresses two questions: which nonexperimental methods provide the most accurate estimates; and do the best methods work well enough to replace random assignment? Three tentative conclusions emerge. Nonexperimental bias was larger in the medium run than in the short run. In-state comparison gr…
Using Place-Based Random Assignment and Comparative Interrupted Time-Series Analysis to Evaluate the Jobs-Plus Employment Program for Public Housing Residents
This article describes a place-based research demonstration program to promote and sustain employment among residents of selected public housing developments in six U.S. cities. Because all eligible residents of the participating public housing developments were free to take part in the program, it was not possible to study its impacts in a classical experiment, with random assignment of individual residents to the program or a control group. Ins…
Empirical Benchmarks for Interpreting Effect Sizes in Research
There is no universal guideline or rule of thumb for judging the practical importance or substantive significance of a standardized effect size estimate for an intervention. Instead, one must develop empirical benchmarks of comparison that reflect the nature of the intervention being evaluated, its target population, and the outcome measure or measures being used. This approach is applied to the assessment of effect size measures for educational …
Performance Trajectories and Performance Gaps as Achievement Effect-Size Benchmarks for Educational Interventions
Two complementary approaches to developing empirical benchmarks for achievement effect sizes in educational interventions are explored. The first approach characterizes the natural developmental progress in achievement made by students from one year to the next as effect sizes. Data for seven nationally standardized achievement tests show large annual gains in the early elementary grades followed by gradually declining gains in later grades. A gi…
Can Small High Schools of Choice Improve Educational Prospects for Disadvantaged Students
This paper provides rigorous evidence (for 12, 130 participants in a series of naturally occurring randomized lotteries) that a large‐scale high school reform initiative (New York City's creation of 100+ small high schools of choice between 2002 and 2008) can markedly and consistently increase high school graduation rates (by 9.5 percentage points overall and for many different student subgroups) for a large population of educationally and econom…
A Conceptual Framework for Studying the Sources of Variation in Program Effects
Evaluations of public programs in many fields reveal that different types of programs—or different versions of the same program—vary in their effectiveness. Moreover, a program that is effective for one group of people might not be effective for other groups, and a program that is effective in one set of circumstances may not be effective in other circumstances. This paper presents a conceptual framework for research on such variation in program …
Learning About and From a Distribution of Program Impacts Using Multisite Trials
The present article provides a synthesis of the conceptual and statistical issues involved in using multisite randomized trials to learn about and from a distribution of heterogeneous program impacts across individuals and/or program sites. Learning about such a distribution involves estimating its mean value, detecting and quantifying its variation, and estimating site-specific impacts. Learning from such a distribution involves studying the fac…
Lessons from New York City's Small Schools of Choice about High School Features that Promote Graduation for Disadvantaged Students
The present paper uses a rich dataset based on naturally‐occurring lotteries for 68 new small non‐selective high schools in New York City, which we refer to as small schools of choice (SSCs), to address two related questions: (1) What high school features are promising levers for increasing graduation rates for disadvantaged students? and (2) What high school features helped to produce SSCs’ positive impacts on graduation rates? Our findings prov…
Economics (12 obras) · Engineering (8 obras) · Computer Science (7 obras) · Political science (7 obras) · Statistics (7 obras) · Mathematics (6 obras) · Psychology (6 obras) · School Choice and Performance (6 obras) · Advanced Causal Inference Techniques (5 obras) · Business (5 obras)