Arkebe Oqubay
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3473543 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Arkebe Oqubay |
| PRENOMES | Arkebe |
| SOBRENOME | Oqubay |
| ASSINATURA | OQUBAY A |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Minister and Coordinator of Economic Sectors and Senior Adviser to the Prime Minister of Ethiopia |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 55 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 18 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 16 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 40 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2015 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2021 |
| ÍNDICE H | 1 |
The Oxford Handbook of the South African Economy
While South Africa shares some characteristics with other middle-income countries, it has a unique economic history with distinctive characteristics. South Africa is an economic powerhouse with a significant role not only at the southern African regional and continental levels, but also as a member of BRICS. However, the country faces profound developmental challenges, including the ‘triple challenges’ of poverty, inequality and unemployment. The…
Oxford Handbook of the South African Economy
Wage Employment in Africa
Most economists think there is little wage employment in Africa and doubt the potential for faster growth of paid employment. They favour supply-side measures encouraging self-employment. The statistical base of conventional views is extremely unreliable. Even the poor statistics that are available do not support pessimism about wage employment in African countries, which has been expanding (and as a share of total employment). Huge numbers of wa…
High-Yielding Variety Policies in Africa
Chapter 10 highlights policy priorities capable of generating large productivity improvements, balance of payments improvements, and big increases in employment, especially for rural women. Growth, structural transformation, and welfare improvements in African economies require a sustained high investment rate, led by public sector spending to maximize crowding in of private investment; they require state support for the development of ‘national …
The Trade Imperative
Economists from very different backgrounds often counsel against a fast growth of imports—and it is certainly true that the balance of payments constraint all too easily derails growth episodes. But the level of output is more important than an obsession with the obsessive pursuit of macroeconomic balance; macroeconomic policy has to serve productive goals rather than vice versa; and policy needs to enable rapid import growth to raise the overall…
Technical Change and Agricultural Productivity
The evidence does not support gloomy generalizations about an irreversible African environmental crisis or pessimistic arguments that barriers to adopting Green Revolution technologies are insuperable. Although evidence on agricultural technology in Africa is often unreliable, food output and grain yields do appear to have risen strongly in some African economies.. Huge variations in crop yields, including within similar agro-ecological zones, su…
Uneven, Contradictory, and Brutal Economic Development in Africa
Even where capitalist expansion brings about dramatic and progressive changes, it is always and everywhere contradictory, uneven, and brutal. All good things do not go together. African economic experiences have—similarly—been contradictory. That is one reason why efforts to fit African economic experiences into linear narratives of ‘tragic growth’ or ‘Africa Rising’ are doomed. African economic development is also extremely diverse. This variati…
Varieties of Common Sense
Policy officials are often influenced by two broad varieties of conventional wisdom: the set of ideas broadly associated with neoclassical economics; and those ideas flowing from third worldist, anti-imperialist, and structuralist development economics. We show how these apparently opposing perspectives often have a surprising amount in common. Reflexes of ‘impossibilism’ and ‘naive optimism’ are often shared across an ideological divide. Thus, p…
Unbalanced Development
Balance is a powerful idea in economics—in equilibrium economics, in strategies of balanced growth, and many other strategies. This chapter argues for a different understanding of the history of capitalism and, therefore, of policy and strategy. The idea of imbalance is a springboard to explore the ideas of Albert Hirschman. These include the concept of linkages and the dynamics of unbalanced growth (pressures, tensions, and disequilibrium as the…
Investment, Wage Goods, and Industrial Policy
Raising and sustaining long-run growth rates is made more difficult by the complexity of economic growth and by the complexity of growth theory debates. Nonetheless, the investment rate is central to long-run growth and development. Growth sustained by high investment rates will also involve structural change: a shift of resources into high-productivity economic activities. This chapter combines discussion of investment—why it matters, what econo…
Working Out the Solution to Rural Poverty
Ideas about poverty and poverty reduction policy are clouded by misleading measures and unreliable evidence. National statistical organizations (NSOs) are under-resourced and the collection and dissemination of data are compromised by political pressures. Allegedly pro-poor policies have had an inegalitarian impact in rural Africa. Conventional views expecting that support spread across smallholder farmers will reduce poverty are based on skewed …
Successes and Failures of Industrial Policy in Transition Economies of Europe and Asia
This chapter discusses the achievements and failures of various models of industrial policy in post-communist countries. If industrial policy is needed, how are industries that have to be supported to be selected? What are the appropriate tools/instruments to support particular industries? Eastern European countries in general did not have any explicit industrial policy, either via tax concessions and/or subsidies, or via under/overpricing the ex…
Industrial Policies in the BRICS
This chapter discusses industrial policy in the BRICS. It contributes to the literature in three ways. First, by approaching the BRICS as a single entity, it documents the gradual buy-in to the concept of BRICS by the participating countries, and their efforts at strengthening collaboration, including on industrial development matters. Second, it corroborates that differences in individual development paths influence the expected contribution of …
Latin American Industrial Policies
This chapter analyses the evolution of industrial policy in the four largest Latin American economies—Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, and Colombia—using Korea as a benchmark. Three phases in industrial policy and industrial transformation are identified: a period of state-led industrialization between the end of the Second World War and around 1980, which came to an end with the debt crisis of the 1980s; the 1990s, when the region abandoned industrial…
Globalization Narratives and Industrial Policy
Competing narratives of globalization constitute parameters that both constrain industrial policymaking and provide opportunities to negotiate alternatives. Such representations of globalization are powerful precisely because they can become objectified as policy. They are also compelling because the literature on industrial policy has so far largely left them out. Focusing on the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa), this chapt…
Greening Industrial Policy
The scope of industrial policy is broadened in this chapter to encompass energy, materials, and finance. Given the unprecedented scale of the industrialization of India, China, and the late latecomers in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, the traditional options of fossil fuels, linear economy, and generic finance have been found wanting, for reasons of immediate environmental spoliation but also to do with countries running up against geopolitical…
Industrial Policy and Industrialization in South East Asia
The latecomer industrialization thesis has acted as a powerful instrument in promoting industrialization. However, there is little explanation in the literature as to why some economies that attempted to industrialize are facing premature de-industrialization. This chapter provides an assessment of industrialization in the South East Asian market economies of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, examining policies that s…
Grand Challenges, Industrial Policy, and Public Value
Policymakers are increasingly embracing the idea of using industrial and innovation policy to tackle societal ‘grand challenges’ such as the climate emergency. In this article we argue that challenge-led policies require a new conceptual and analytical framework that has at its core the idea of confronting the direction of growth—growth that is, for example, more inclusive and sustainable. Such framework should focus on public value creation thro…
The European Union’s Industrial Policy
This chapter reviews the industrial policy in the European Union in the light of the revived interest in the subject and the most pressing challenges ahead. In the current global context these challenges are (i) to keep pace at the technology frontier with the technologically most advanced economies; (ii) to meet the challenges of fast catching-up emerging economies; (iii) to contribute to the convergence and cohesion processes within the Europea…
Global Value Chains and Regionally Coordinated Industrial Policy
The well-documented failures of the liberal policy regimes of the period 1980–2007 to generate sustained economic growth and development have led in the past ten years to a renewed interest in industrial policy. The re-emergence of industrial policy occurs in a new world of well-developed GVCs in major industries with integrated regional economies. This chapter assesses the success of industrial policy in this context by considering the case of t…
The Theory and Practice of Industrial Policy
This chapter reviews the theory and practice of industrial policy, focusing on three key themes. First, it presents industrial policy as a vehicle by which manufacturing (and other dynamic and high-productivity services and agricultural activities that share technological and linkage spillovers) drives structural change. It also underlines the strategic role of exports, especially as a source of international learning and relaxing balance-of-paym…
European Industrial Policy
This chapter examines industrial policy implemented in European countries across time, especially after the Second World War and in recent years. It briefly shows that industrialization never occurs without strong supporting industrial policy to provide the enabling conditions for the deep structural changes involved, such as infrastructure and capabilities, especially human capital. Industrialization in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries is…
Enterprises and Industrial Policy
This chapter considers the central role of firm strategies in industrial policy. It focuses, in particular, on large firms which can make investments to realize economies of scale and scope, coordinate clusters of suppliers, and build capabilities. The main schools of thought addressing the theory of the firm and the development of productive capabilities are reviewed, especially with reference to the resource-based theory of the firm. Large firm…
Industrial Policies, Patterns of Learning, and Development
This work discusses the role of industrial policies within an evolutionary view of innovation and learning as drivers of economic development. Building on the notions of technological paradigms and trajectories, it links the processes of catching up with the dynamics of capability accumulation within and across firms. Technological paradigms provide a structure to the knowledge embodied in individual and, even more importantly, in organizational …
Made in Africa
Made in Africa presents the findings of original field research into the design, practice, and varied outcomes of industrial policy in the cement, leather and leather products, and floriculture sectors in Ethiopia. It explores how and why the outcomes of industrial policy are shaped by particular factors in these industries. It also examines industrial structures and associated global value chains to demonstrate the challenges faced by African fi…
African Economic Development
This book challenges conventional wisdoms both about economic performance and about policies for economic development in African countries. Its starting point is the striking variation in economic performance: unevenness and inequalities form a central fact. The authors highlight not only differences between African countries but also variations within countries, differences often organized around distinctions of gender, class, and ethnic identit…
Livelihoods and Mobility in the Border Regions of Ethiopia
Ethiopia’s borderlands are key sites of population mobility and migration. Not only do these areas host most of the 800,000 refugees who have entered Ethiopia from neighbouring countries, they also are home to populations whose movements are heavily influenced by the livelihoods, trade, environment, and border management regimes working in their areas. These systems create opportunities for, and blockages to, movement within borderlands and acros…
Made in Africa
This book presents the findings of original field research into the design, practice, and varied outcomes of industrial policy in three sectors in Ethiopia, covering export-oriented and import-substitution industries. The three sectors are cement, leather and leather products, and floriculture. Given that there is a single industrial strategy, why do its outcomes vary across sectors? To what extent is this a function of the specific market and po…
The Role of China and Southeast Asia in Africa’s Agricultural Transformation I
Is the Asian experience more relevant for African renaissance than it is generally assumed? I am alluding to the lessons that could be drawn from a close examination of the transformation that had occurred in the twentieth century in Japan and China, and particularly in Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam. The answer, I argue, must be definitely yes. In each of these countries, positive economic change was preceded by a sustained and successful effor…
How Nations Learn
Authored by eminent scholars, the volume aims to generate interest and debate among policymakers, practitioners, and researchers on the complexity of learning and catch-up, particularly for twenty-first century late-late developers. The volume explores technological learning at the firm level, policy learning by the state, and the cumulative and multifaceted nature of the learning process, which encompasses learning by doing, by experiment, emula…
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy
This volume is the first ever economics handbook on a single African country focused on the theme of structural transformation. It is intended to serve as a major reference book on the Ethiopian economy for university students, researchers, and policymakers. Part I, covering the period 1890–2017, deals with the transition from a traditional to a modern economy, from the period of Imperial rule under Emperor Haile Selassie, through the Derg regime…
Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy
From a war-torn and famine-plagued country at the beginning of the 1990s, Ethiopia is today emerging as one of the fastest-growing economies in Africa. Growth in Ethiopia has surpassed that of every other sub-Saharan country over the past decade and is forecast by the International Monetary Fund to exceed 8 percent over the next two years. The government has set its eyes on transforming the country into a middle-income country by 2025, and into a…
How Nations Learn
The Private Sector in Ethiopia’s Transformation
This chapter examines private-sector development in Ethiopia, focusing on the situation since the incumbent government took power in 1991 and private-sector development became an integral part of Ethiopia’s economic development strategy. Several private entrepreneurs and enterprises have emerged since the reform and are now playing a critical role in the economic development of the country. However, the private sector has not yet made strong inro…
Livelihoods and Mobility in the Border Regions of Ethiopia
Ethiopia’s borderlands are key sites of population mobility and migration. Not only do these areas host most of the 800,000 refugees who have entered Ethiopia from neighbouring countries, they also are home to populations whose movements are heavily influenced by the livelihoods, trade, environment, and border management regimes working in their areas. These systems create opportunities for, and blockages to, movement within borderlands and acros…
Ethiopia’s ‘Economic Diplomacy’ and Regional Integration
Sixteen years ago the government of Ethiopia adopted the 2002 Foreign Affairs and National Security Policy, which emphasized ‘economic diplomacy’ as the cornerstone of its foreign policy. A central component of the strategy has been regional integration with Ethiopia’s neighbours in the Horn and Eastern Africa. Since then the political contexts have changed dramatically. Ethiopia is now seen as an attractive destination for labour-intensive manuf…
Wage Employment in Africa
Most economists think there is little wage employment in Africa and doubt the potential for faster growth of paid employment. They favour supply-side measures encouraging self-employment. The statistical base of conventional views is extremely unreliable. Even the poor statistics that are available do not support pessimism about wage employment in African countries, which has been expanding (and as a share of total employment). Huge numbers of wa…
High-Yielding Variety Policies in Africa
Chapter 10 highlights policy priorities capable of generating large productivity improvements, balance of payments improvements, and big increases in employment, especially for rural women. Growth, structural transformation, and welfare improvements in African economies require a sustained high investment rate, led by public sector spending to maximize crowding in of private investment; they require state support for the development of ‘national …
The Trade Imperative
Economists from very different backgrounds often counsel against a fast growth of imports—and it is certainly true that the balance of payments constraint all too easily derails growth episodes. But the level of output is more important than an obsession with the obsessive pursuit of macroeconomic balance; macroeconomic policy has to serve productive goals rather than vice versa; and policy needs to enable rapid import growth to raise the overall…
Technical Change and Agricultural Productivity
The evidence does not support gloomy generalizations about an irreversible African environmental crisis or pessimistic arguments that barriers to adopting Green Revolution technologies are insuperable. Although evidence on agricultural technology in Africa is often unreliable, food output and grain yields do appear to have risen strongly in some African economies.. Huge variations in crop yields, including within similar agro-ecological zones, su…
Uneven, Contradictory, and Brutal Economic Development in Africa
Even where capitalist expansion brings about dramatic and progressive changes, it is always and everywhere contradictory, uneven, and brutal. All good things do not go together. African economic experiences have—similarly—been contradictory. That is one reason why efforts to fit African economic experiences into linear narratives of ‘tragic growth’ or ‘Africa Rising’ are doomed. African economic development is also extremely diverse. This variati…
Varieties of Common Sense
Policy officials are often influenced by two broad varieties of conventional wisdom: the set of ideas broadly associated with neoclassical economics; and those ideas flowing from third worldist, anti-imperialist, and structuralist development economics. We show how these apparently opposing perspectives often have a surprising amount in common. Reflexes of ‘impossibilism’ and ‘naive optimism’ are often shared across an ideological divide. Thus, p…
Unbalanced Development
Balance is a powerful idea in economics—in equilibrium economics, in strategies of balanced growth, and many other strategies. This chapter argues for a different understanding of the history of capitalism and, therefore, of policy and strategy. The idea of imbalance is a springboard to explore the ideas of Albert Hirschman. These include the concept of linkages and the dynamics of unbalanced growth (pressures, tensions, and disequilibrium as the…
Investment, Wage Goods, and Industrial Policy
Raising and sustaining long-run growth rates is made more difficult by the complexity of economic growth and by the complexity of growth theory debates. Nonetheless, the investment rate is central to long-run growth and development. Growth sustained by high investment rates will also involve structural change: a shift of resources into high-productivity economic activities. This chapter combines discussion of investment—why it matters, what econo…
Working Out the Solution to Rural Poverty
Ideas about poverty and poverty reduction policy are clouded by misleading measures and unreliable evidence. National statistical organizations (NSOs) are under-resourced and the collection and dissemination of data are compromised by political pressures. Allegedly pro-poor policies have had an inegalitarian impact in rural Africa. Conventional views expecting that support spread across smallholder farmers will reduce poverty are based on skewed …
Successes and Failures of Industrial Policy in Transition Economies of Europe and Asia
This chapter discusses the achievements and failures of various models of industrial policy in post-communist countries. If industrial policy is needed, how are industries that have to be supported to be selected? What are the appropriate tools/instruments to support particular industries? Eastern European countries in general did not have any explicit industrial policy, either via tax concessions and/or subsidies, or via under/overpricing the ex…
Industrial Policies in the BRICS
This chapter discusses industrial policy in the BRICS. It contributes to the literature in three ways. First, by approaching the BRICS as a single entity, it documents the gradual buy-in to the concept of BRICS by the participating countries, and their efforts at strengthening collaboration, including on industrial development matters. Second, it corroborates that differences in individual development paths influence the expected contribution of …
Latin American Industrial Policies
This chapter analyses the evolution of industrial policy in the four largest Latin American economies—Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, and Colombia—using Korea as a benchmark. Three phases in industrial policy and industrial transformation are identified: a period of state-led industrialization between the end of the Second World War and around 1980, which came to an end with the debt crisis of the 1980s; the 1990s, when the region abandoned industrial…
Globalization Narratives and Industrial Policy
Competing narratives of globalization constitute parameters that both constrain industrial policymaking and provide opportunities to negotiate alternatives. Such representations of globalization are powerful precisely because they can become objectified as policy. They are also compelling because the literature on industrial policy has so far largely left them out. Focusing on the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa), this chapt…
Greening Industrial Policy
The scope of industrial policy is broadened in this chapter to encompass energy, materials, and finance. Given the unprecedented scale of the industrialization of India, China, and the late latecomers in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, the traditional options of fossil fuels, linear economy, and generic finance have been found wanting, for reasons of immediate environmental spoliation but also to do with countries running up against geopolitical…
Industrial Policy and Industrialization in South East Asia
The latecomer industrialization thesis has acted as a powerful instrument in promoting industrialization. However, there is little explanation in the literature as to why some economies that attempted to industrialize are facing premature de-industrialization. This chapter provides an assessment of industrialization in the South East Asian market economies of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, examining policies that s…
Grand Challenges, Industrial Policy, and Public Value
Policymakers are increasingly embracing the idea of using industrial and innovation policy to tackle societal ‘grand challenges’ such as the climate emergency. In this article we argue that challenge-led policies require a new conceptual and analytical framework that has at its core the idea of confronting the direction of growth—growth that is, for example, more inclusive and sustainable. Such framework should focus on public value creation thro…
Economics (51 obras) · Political science (37 obras) · Industrial policy (30 obras) · Business (29 obras) · Market economy (26 obras) · Economic growth (22 obras) · Economic system (22 obras) · International trade (21 obras) · Economy (16 obras) · Politics (15 obras)