Clare Saunders
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3580854 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Clare Saunders |
| PRENOMES | Clare |
| SOBRENOME | Saunders |
| ASSINATURA | SAUNDERS C |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Exeter |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4995-4967 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 42 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 383 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 42 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2007 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 10 |
Guerrilla Ecologies
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It’s Not Just Structural
The past 21 years have seen the UK environmental movement transform as climate change has become an urgent issue and broader publics have engaged in civil disobedience. More radical protest forms are curtailed by new legislation, while large NGOs like Friends of the Earth and Greenpeace have repositioned themselves as more locally responsive (e.g., anti-fracking). This article uses a novel perceptive and mapping approach to political opportunity …
Organising for Change one year later – Response to the critics
A year after the publication of Organising for Change it is wonderful to learn what readers think about our attempt to understand the ways in which people and organisations try to achieve or prevent social change. We are grateful to Malin Arvidson, Lydia Hiraide and elena pavan for sharing their reflections and constructive engagement with our book. We particularly appreciate their recognition of our effort to reframe social movements as parts of…
Untangling the differential drivers of protest participation
This is the final version. Available on open access from Routledge via the DOI in this record
Extinction Rebellion's disobedient environmental citizenism
We examine the public protest of Extinction Rebellion (XR) in the UK as a specific political practice. We do so through our observation of the plea hearings of activists charged with public order offences during the April 2019 London ‘Rebellion’, focusing on those pleading guilty at the first opportunity. We show how these narratives establish the values and beliefs of these activists, including their relationships to existing state agencies and …
Persistent Anti-Littering Activism in a Non-Western Context
Persistent activism has mostly been discussed in the context of Western socio-political and religious movements, where it is attributed to organizational and inter-personal networks and the development of identities and solidarities. Studies of persistent environmental activism are rare in countries that lack durable mobilizing structures. This study explores, for the first time, persistent anti-littering activism in an infrequently studied socia…
Anti-fracking campaigns in the United Kingdom
Hydraulic fracturing (‘fracking’) was a controversial issue in the United Kingdom that sparked national and community-led groups to organise protest mobilisations. To date, however, the social science literature has largely focussed upon general anti-fracking discourse rather than on the physical, community-led mobilisations that emerged from the frustrations of people directly affected at a local level by threats to their community. This paper d…
The affective economy and fast fashion
Many commentators recognise the need to make clothing more sustainable due to its deleterious environmental and social ramifications. However, it is challenging to change the consumer behaviour that drives fast fashion markets because people have complex relationships with clothing. In this study, we illustrate how the relationships that people have with clothing can be shaped by workshops that immerse them in making, mending, and modifying garme…
The Rise of Mass Poverty'? Breadline Britain/Poverty and Social Exclusion (1983-2012) Evidence Revisited
Social networks and recruitment for environmental movements
Networks are undisputedly important in recruiting individuals into activism. Simply to know about a demonstration usually involves hearing about it from someone else or the organizers. Yet the importance of networks to recruitment varies according to the stage of mobilization, the type of grievance, and the type of action being recruited to. It is usually recognized that a small number of meaningful and close relationships might pull people into …
Preaching to the converted? Who attended the Camborne, Cornwall Corbyn rally in August 2017
A new approach to assess the normalization of differential rates of protest participation
Young Climate Protesters’ Mobilization Availability
Although there is a developing strand of literature on young people’s participation in environmental activism, there have been few systematic comparisons of their participation in different forms of environmental activism. This article compares the participation of young people and their older counterparts in climate change marches and Global Climate Strikes (GCSs). The agential and structural factors that draw people into protest participation a…
Do gender regimes matter? Gender differences in involvement in anti-austerity protests - a comparison of Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom
Responses to the Great Recession are varied across welfare states and gendered in their consequences. Combining gender, social policy and social movement scholarship, this paper investigates how the differential policy responses to the Financial Crisis in three European countries shaped gender-differences in anti-austerity demonstrations. We compare the involvement and characteristics of women and men in anti-austerity protests using data collect…
From Conflict to Bridges
Control of bovine tuberculosis in cattle (bTB) in England and Wales is characterised by conversational and policy impasses, particularly in relation to badger culling. We created four online discussion groups comprising of badger cull supporters, cull-opponents, aligned antagonists (mixing supporters and opponents affiliated with farming or an environmental/conservation group) and non-aligned antagonists (mixing supporters and opponents who were …
NGOs and social movement theory
This chapter focuses on four key social movement theories that are useful for understanding the emergence and development of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) are resource mobilisation, framing theory, political opportunity structures/political processes and ‘new’ social movement theory/identity-oriented approaches. Resource mobilisation theory is probably the most applicable of traditional social movement theories for understanding the emerg…
Street Demonstrations and the Media Agenda
This article argues that the agenda-setting power of protest must be understood in dynamic terms. Specifically, it develops and tests a dynamic theory of media reaction to protest which posits that features of street demonstrations—such as their size, violence, societal conflict, and the presence of a “trigger”—lead protest issues to be reported and sustained in the media agenda over time. We conduct a unique empirical analysis of media coverage …
Gender Differences in Political Participation
Research on gender and politics has primarily focused on women's participation in women's movements and institutional politics separately. Our article is innovative in multiple respects: first, employing a comparative perspective we analyse what impact gender regimes have on participation in street protests. Second, we study the relationship between participation in electoral and protest politics and how this relationship is gendered. Third, we c…
Attention to climate change in British newspapers in three attention cycles (1997–2017)
From contradiction to contrast in a countryside conflict
Environmental conflicts are often framed by an assumption that there are clear divisions between interested parties. As a result, there is a tendency to polarise debates, simplify arguments and miss opportunities for constructive engagement. While these conflicts are rarely amenable to resolution through direct dialogue, diplomacy may offer a means to generate possible political settlements. In this paper, we seek to identify the scope for such d…
Conflicting Climate Change Frames in a Global Field of Media Discourse
Reducing global emissions will require a global cosmopolitan culture built from detailed attention to conflicting national climate change frames (interpretations) in media discourse. The authors analyze the global field of media climate change discourse using 17 diverse cases and 131 frames. They find four main conflicting dimensions of difference: validity of climate science, scale of ecological risk, scale of climate politics, and support for m…
The Future of Social Movements and Social Movement Research in a Globalizing World
Identifying and explaining framing strategies of low carbon lifestyle movement organisations
Over the last decade we have seen the growth and development of low carbon lifestyle movement organisations, which seek to encourage members of the public to reduce their personal energy use and carbon emissions. As a first step to assess the transformational potential of such organisations, this paper examines the ways in which they frame their activities. This reveals an important challenge they face: in addressing the broader public, do they p…
Protest, Inc. The corporatization of activism
Activist organisations change as they mature. This much we know from the existing literature. Time and time again, they have been reported to become increasingly institutionalised over time. Althou
In the streets with a degree
Using survey data collected at 52 major street demonstrations across five European countries during 2009–2012, this article contributes to the debate on the (contentious) politics of the highly educated in Europe. In particular, it explores which of the theories explaining student activism better capture differences in motivations and ways of engaging in protests between protesters who have a university education and those who do not. The finding…
Explaining Differential Protest Participation
Protest participation scholarship tends to focus on the special characteristics of novices and the highly committed, underplaying the significance of those in between. In this article, we fill a lacuna in the literature by refocusing attention on four different types of protesters: novices, returners, repeaters, and stalwarts. Employing data from protest surveys of demonstrations that took place in seven European countries (2009-2010), we test wh…
Double-edged swords? Collective identity and solidarity in the environment movement1
Perhaps by virtue of its theoretical slipperiness, collective identity is often hailed as an important feature of social movements for the role it plays in unifying activists and organizations, and so helping them to develop shared concerns and engage in collective action. However, this paper argues that collective identity is the result of group rather than movement level processes, and although it can unite activists within a single movement or…
Anti-politics in Action? Measurement Dilemmas in the Study of Unconventional Political Participation
There are good reasons to test more refined measures of protest to better understand protesters’ disaffection with and disconnection from politics. This article assesses whether disaffection and disconnection predict each of: protest participation (aggregated), participation in demonstrations, and differential participation in demonstrations. Failure to vote does not predict participation in demonstrations but positively predicts participation in…
One person's eu-topia, another's hell
Climate Camp, or, more properly, the Camp for Climate Action, has almost become an institution within the UK's environmental movement. It developed from direct action networks, most prominently tho
Using Social Network Analysis to Explore Social Movements
This paper uses a ‘relational’ approach to network analysis to demonstrate the linkages between different types of environmental organizations in London. A ‘relational’ approach was used to avoid problems associated with ‘positional’ approaches such as structural determinism, subjectively defined and misleadingly labelled blocks of ‘approximately’ equivalent actors, and reification of the action/issue basis of networks. The paper also explores de…
Street Demonstrations and the Media Agenda
This article argues that the agenda-setting power of protest must be understood in dynamic terms. Specifically, it develops and tests a dynamic theory of media reaction to protest which posits that features of street demonstrations—such as their size, violence, societal conflict, and the presence of a “trigger”—lead protest issues to be reported and sustained in the media agenda over time. We conduct a unique empirical analysis of media coverage …
Unemployment and attitudes to work
Attitudes research has repeatedly demonstrated that the vast majority of unemployed people want a job and that their employment commitment is generally at least as strong as employed people's. However, until now it has not asked if they are more likely than employed people to prefer unemployment to an unattractive job. While this oversight reflects a noted widespread reluctance to respond directly to right-wing authors' assertions, this article a…
Reformism and radicalism in the Climate Camp in Britain
Data from in-depth interviews with participants in the 2008 Camp for Climate Action, participant observation and documents written by participants, are used to illustrate the tension that developed between reformists and radicals within the Climate Camp. Contrary to surface appearances and expectations derived from previous studies of environmental direct action groups, it is found that Climate Campers do not share a radical approach. The consequ…
Protest, Inc. The corporatization of activism
Activist organisations change as they mature. This much we know from the existing literature. Time and time again, they have been reported to become increasingly institutionalised over time. Althou
Improving Research Methods Teaching and Learning in Politics and International Relations
Student dissatisfaction with undergraduate research methods courses in politics and international relations is common across the sector. We suggest that methods teaching suffers from an unhealthy disassociation between research in theory – which we call ‘method acting’ – and research in practice. Our critical interviews with eminent researchers expose the compromises professional researchers make when designing their research. Students appreciate…
Attention to climate change in British newspapers in three attention cycles (1997–2017)
It's Not Just Structural
Political opportunity structures are often used to explain differences in the characteristics of movements in different countries on the basis of the national polity in which they exist. However, the approach has a number of weaknesses that are outlined in this article. The article especially stresses the fact that such broad-brush approaches to political opportunity structures fail to account for the different characteristics of movement organis…
The affective economy and fast fashion
Many commentators recognise the need to make clothing more sustainable due to its deleterious environmental and social ramifications. However, it is challenging to change the consumer behaviour that drives fast fashion markets because people have complex relationships with clothing. In this study, we illustrate how the relationships that people have with clothing can be shaped by workshops that immerse them in making, mending, and modifying garme…
Identifying and explaining framing strategies of low carbon lifestyle movement organisations
Over the last decade we have seen the growth and development of low carbon lifestyle movement organisations, which seek to encourage members of the public to reduce their personal energy use and carbon emissions. As a first step to assess the transformational potential of such organisations, this paper examines the ways in which they frame their activities. This reveals an important challenge they face: in addressing the broader public, do they p…
The Stop Climate Chaos Coalition
After the Working Group on Climate Change and Development recognised the challenge that climate change poses to development, a number of environmental and aid, trade and development organisations formed a new politically active coalition, Stop Climate Chaos (SCC), to demand that stronger climate laws be adopted in the UK. The coalition now frames the issue of climate change as a 'global climate justice' one, emphasising the severity of the issue …
Conflicting Climate Change Frames in a Global Field of Media Discourse
Reducing global emissions will require a global cosmopolitan culture built from detailed attention to conflicting national climate change frames (interpretations) in media discourse. The authors analyze the global field of media climate change discourse using 17 diverse cases and 131 frames. They find four main conflicting dimensions of difference: validity of climate science, scale of ecological risk, scale of climate politics, and support for m…
Beyond the Activist Ghetto
Current research on the behavioural impacts of social movements tends to focus on their influence on those most intensely involved. Consequently it overlooks the impacts that social movement organisations might have on those outside the activist ghetto. To begin to address this gap in the literature, this article examines the relationship between contact with environmental organisations and public attitudes and behaviour. Monitoring the electrici…
Gender Differences in Political Participation
Research on gender and politics has primarily focused on women's participation in women's movements and institutional politics separately. Our article is innovative in multiple respects: first, employing a comparative perspective we analyse what impact gender regimes have on participation in street protests. Second, we study the relationship between participation in electoral and protest politics and how this relationship is gendered. Third, we c…
Unblocking the Path to Effective Block Modeling in Social Movement Research
Key studies of social movement networks use block modelling to uncover movement network structures. While it is promising to see mathematical sociology techniques applied here, there are grounds for engendering an even closer connection between these two fields of study. The mathematical sociology literature recommends, for example, that analyzed networks should be complete and relatively dense, that some degree of deduction should be applied to …
The national and the local
It is frequently asserted that national environmental movement organisations (EMOs) have, as an unintended consequence of their public relations strategies, a tendency to ignore local activists. Using a variety of research methods - participant observation, semi-structured interviews, a survey and network analysis of national, regional and local EMOs in London - we explode that myth. Although national EMOs cooperate mostly with other national EMO…
Do gender regimes matter? Gender differences in involvement in anti-austerity protests - a comparison of Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom
Responses to the Great Recession are varied across welfare states and gendered in their consequences. Combining gender, social policy and social movement scholarship, this paper investigates how the differential policy responses to the Financial Crisis in three European countries shaped gender-differences in anti-austerity demonstrations. We compare the involvement and characteristics of women and men in anti-austerity protests using data collect…
In the streets with a degree
Using survey data collected at 52 major street demonstrations across five European countries during 2009–2012, this article contributes to the debate on the (contentious) politics of the highly educated in Europe. In particular, it explores which of the theories explaining student activism better capture differences in motivations and ways of engaging in protests between protesters who have a university education and those who do not. The finding…
Extinction Rebellion's disobedient environmental citizenism
We examine the public protest of Extinction Rebellion (XR) in the UK as a specific political practice. We do so through our observation of the plea hearings of activists charged with public order offences during the April 2019 London ‘Rebellion’, focusing on those pleading guilty at the first opportunity. We show how these narratives establish the values and beliefs of these activists, including their relationships to existing state agencies and …
Occupy as a Free Space - Mobilization Processes and Outcomes
Although Occupy has received extensive media and scholarly attention, there has not yet been systematic research on its activists' recruitment pathways and modes of participation. In this article, we focus on the mobilization success ( Staggenborg 1995 ) of Occupy and adopt the concepts of 'free space' and 'modes of association' ( Polletta 1999 ) to understand how individuals came to participate in Occupy. We consider biographical and structural …
It’s Not Just Structural
The past 21 years have seen the UK environmental movement transform as climate change has become an urgent issue and broader publics have engaged in civil disobedience. More radical protest forms are curtailed by new legislation, while large NGOs like Friends of the Earth and Greenpeace have repositioned themselves as more locally responsive (e.g., anti-fracking). This article uses a novel perceptive and mapping approach to political opportunity …
Using Social Network Analysis to Explore Social Movements
This paper uses a ‘relational’ approach to network analysis to demonstrate the linkages between different types of environmental organizations in London. A ‘relational’ approach was used to avoid problems associated with ‘positional’ approaches such as structural determinism, subjectively defined and misleadingly labelled blocks of ‘approximately’ equivalent actors, and reification of the action/issue basis of networks. The paper also explores de…
The national and the local
It is frequently asserted that national environmental movement organisations (EMOs) have, as an unintended consequence of their public relations strategies, a tendency to ignore local activists. Using a variety of research methods - participant observation, semi-structured interviews, a survey and network analysis of national, regional and local EMOs in London - we explode that myth. Although national EMOs cooperate mostly with other national EMO…
The Stop Climate Chaos Coalition
After the Working Group on Climate Change and Development recognised the challenge that climate change poses to development, a number of environmental and aid, trade and development organisations formed a new politically active coalition, Stop Climate Chaos (SCC), to demand that stronger climate laws be adopted in the UK. The coalition now frames the issue of climate change as a 'global climate justice' one, emphasising the severity of the issue …
Double-edged swords? Collective identity and solidarity in the environment movement1
Perhaps by virtue of its theoretical slipperiness, collective identity is often hailed as an important feature of social movements for the role it plays in unifying activists and organizations, and so helping them to develop shared concerns and engage in collective action. However, this paper argues that collective identity is the result of group rather than movement level processes, and although it can unite activists within a single movement or…
British Humanitarian, Aid and Development NGOs, 1949–Present
No historical analysis of post-1945 NGOs would be complete without a discussion of NGOs active in the field of international development and humanitarianism. Although this chapter refers to international development and humanitarian NGOs as ‘humanitarian, aid and development organisations’ (HADOs), it does not dispute their status as NGOs. Indeed, they are probably the single category of organisations least problematically assigned the label of N…
It's Not Just Structural
Political opportunity structures are often used to explain differences in the characteristics of movements in different countries on the basis of the national polity in which they exist. However, the approach has a number of weaknesses that are outlined in this article. The article especially stresses the fact that such broad-brush approaches to political opportunity structures fail to account for the different characteristics of movement organis…
One person's eu-topia, another's hell
Climate Camp, or, more properly, the Camp for Climate Action, has almost become an institution within the UK's environmental movement. It developed from direct action networks, most prominently tho
Unblocking the Path to Effective Block Modeling in Social Movement Research
Key studies of social movement networks use block modelling to uncover movement network structures. While it is promising to see mathematical sociology techniques applied here, there are grounds for engendering an even closer connection between these two fields of study. The mathematical sociology literature recommends, for example, that analyzed networks should be complete and relatively dense, that some degree of deduction should be applied to …
Global Justice Activism and Policy Reform in Europe
In July 2005, an astounding 225,000 people, mostly clad in white, took to the streets of Edinburgh to form the largest demonstration Scotland has ever known. The demonstration demanded that the leaders of the G8 countries ‘Make Poverty History’ (MPH) by ‘dropping the debt’, ‘providing more and better aid’ and ensuring ‘trade justice’. The MPH demonstration and accompanying Live 8 concerts were so signifi cant that the Roman Catholic Primate, Arch…
Explaining Differential Protest Participation
Protest participation scholarship tends to focus on the special characteristics of novices and the highly committed, underplaying the significance of those in between. In this article, we fill a lacuna in the literature by refocusing attention on four different types of protesters: novices, returners, repeaters, and stalwarts. Employing data from protest surveys of demonstrations that took place in seven European countries (2009-2010), we test wh…
Reformism and radicalism in the Climate Camp in Britain
Data from in-depth interviews with participants in the 2008 Camp for Climate Action, participant observation and documents written by participants, are used to illustrate the tension that developed between reformists and radicals within the Climate Camp. Contrary to surface appearances and expectations derived from previous studies of environmental direct action groups, it is found that Climate Campers do not share a radical approach. The consequ…
Protest, Inc. The corporatization of activism
Activist organisations change as they mature. This much we know from the existing literature. Time and time again, they have been reported to become increasingly institutionalised over time. Althou
In the streets with a degree
Using survey data collected at 52 major street demonstrations across five European countries during 2009–2012, this article contributes to the debate on the (contentious) politics of the highly educated in Europe. In particular, it explores which of the theories explaining student activism better capture differences in motivations and ways of engaging in protests between protesters who have a university education and those who do not. The finding…
Insiders, thresholders, and outsiders in west European global justice networks
Since the new millennium, scholars have acclaimed a vigorous global justice movement (GJM). Many accounts have stressed the tolerant identities of those involved in this movement, and/or the movement's horizontal decision-making structure. Consequently, formal organizations are often excluded from analysis, precluding the chance to assess systematically whether they are involved in social movement modes of coordination. The article uses deductive…
Beyond the Activist Ghetto
Current research on the behavioural impacts of social movements tends to focus on their influence on those most intensely involved. Consequently it overlooks the impacts that social movement organisations might have on those outside the activist ghetto. To begin to address this gap in the literature, this article examines the relationship between contact with environmental organisations and public attitudes and behaviour. Monitoring the electrici…
Improving Research Methods Teaching and Learning in Politics and International Relations
Student dissatisfaction with undergraduate research methods courses in politics and international relations is common across the sector. We suggest that methods teaching suffers from an unhealthy disassociation between research in theory – which we call ‘method acting’ – and research in practice. Our critical interviews with eminent researchers expose the compromises professional researchers make when designing their research. Students appreciate…
Anti-politics in Action? Measurement Dilemmas in the Study of Unconventional Political Participation
There are good reasons to test more refined measures of protest to better understand protesters’ disaffection with and disconnection from politics. This article assesses whether disaffection and disconnection predict each of: protest participation (aggregated), participation in demonstrations, and differential participation in demonstrations. Failure to vote does not predict participation in demonstrations but positively predicts participation in…
Occupy as a Free Space - Mobilization Processes and Outcomes
Although Occupy has received extensive media and scholarly attention, there has not yet been systematic research on its activists' recruitment pathways and modes of participation. In this article, we focus on the mobilization success ( Staggenborg 1995 ) of Occupy and adopt the concepts of 'free space' and 'modes of association' ( Polletta 1999 ) to understand how individuals came to participate in Occupy. We consider biographical and structural …
Unemployment and attitudes to work
Attitudes research has repeatedly demonstrated that the vast majority of unemployed people want a job and that their employment commitment is generally at least as strong as employed people's. However, until now it has not asked if they are more likely than employed people to prefer unemployment to an unattractive job. While this oversight reflects a noted widespread reluctance to respond directly to right-wing authors' assertions, this article a…
The Future of Social Movements and Social Movement Research in a Globalizing World
Identifying and explaining framing strategies of low carbon lifestyle movement organisations
Over the last decade we have seen the growth and development of low carbon lifestyle movement organisations, which seek to encourage members of the public to reduce their personal energy use and carbon emissions. As a first step to assess the transformational potential of such organisations, this paper examines the ways in which they frame their activities. This reveals an important challenge they face: in addressing the broader public, do they p…
Conflicting Climate Change Frames in a Global Field of Media Discourse
Reducing global emissions will require a global cosmopolitan culture built from detailed attention to conflicting national climate change frames (interpretations) in media discourse. The authors analyze the global field of media climate change discourse using 17 diverse cases and 131 frames. They find four main conflicting dimensions of difference: validity of climate science, scale of ecological risk, scale of climate politics, and support for m…
From contradiction to contrast in a countryside conflict
Environmental conflicts are often framed by an assumption that there are clear divisions between interested parties. As a result, there is a tendency to polarise debates, simplify arguments and miss opportunities for constructive engagement. While these conflicts are rarely amenable to resolution through direct dialogue, diplomacy may offer a means to generate possible political settlements. In this paper, we seek to identify the scope for such d…
Attention to climate change in British newspapers in three attention cycles (1997–2017)
NGOs and social movement theory
This chapter focuses on four key social movement theories that are useful for understanding the emergence and development of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) are resource mobilisation, framing theory, political opportunity structures/political processes and ‘new’ social movement theory/identity-oriented approaches. Resource mobilisation theory is probably the most applicable of traditional social movement theories for understanding the emerg…
Political science (40 obras) · Sociology (37 obras) · Law (31 obras) · Politics (27 obras) · Law (18 obras) · Political economy (17 obras) · Social Media and Politics (14 obras) · Social movement (14 obras) · Electoral Systems and Political Participation (11 obras) · Public relations (11 obras)