Charles Brown
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3589507 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Charles Brown |
| PRENOMES | Charles |
| SOBRENOME | Brown |
| ASSINATURA | BROWN C |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Michigan |
| ORCID | 0009-0007-2454-3586 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 38 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 171 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 37 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1934 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Some Reflections on the Moral Reality of Social Power
Power is often understood as the sheer use of force in social relations. While power is frequently expressed and experienced in these terms, it is also necessary for the generation, sustenance, and enhancement of life in all its forms. This means that, in a very basic way, power is constitutive of personhood and society. Understood and exercised in this way, power affirms the dignity of individual persons and promotes bonding between and among pe…
Addressing Geographical Inequities and Barriers in Access to Mental Health Care among Youth in a Rural Western Kentucky County
Health Care Worker Perspectives of HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Service Delivery in Central Uganda
Background: Scale-up of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) services in Uganda is ongoing. However, health care workers (HCWs) may not be aware of PrEP nor what offering this service entails. We explored the impact of standardized HCW training on the knowledge and perspectives of PrEP service delivery in Uganda. Methods: We recruited HCWs from facilities that offered HIV-related services in Central Uganda. Using the Uganda Ministry of Health curr…
Wages and Hours Laws
We summarize recent research on the wage and employment effects of minimum wage laws in the United States and infer from non-U.S. studies of hours laws the likely effects of unchanging U.S. hours laws. The effective minimum wage, increasingly a province of state government, is now closely related to the lower end of a state’s wage distribution. Original estimates demonstrate how the forty-five-year failure to increase the exempt earnings level fo…
Exploration of the effect of violent crime on recreational and transportation walking by path and structural equation models
Managing Media Firms and Industries
The Effects of Respondents' Consent to Be Recorded on Interview Length and Data Quality in a National Panel Study
Recording interviews is a key feature of quality control protocols for most survey organizations. We examine the effects on interview length and data quality of a new protocol adopted by a national panel study. The protocol recorded a randomly chosen one-third of all interviews digitally, although all respondents were asked for permission to record their interview and interviewers were blind as to whether or not interviews were recorded. We find …
The severity of pedestrian crashes
Selling Faith
Scholars of Christian popular culture generally focus upon the messages communicated by the objects produced, or the way objects reinforce an evangelical collective identity. This paper focuses on the members of the Christian popular culture industry rather than the objects produced. Specifically, I explore how industry members address the tension that occurs when industry members must decide whether to target their marketing efforts toward fello…
The development of International Relations theory in the UK
British International Relations (IR) theory is distinguished by a concern with institutions and norms, and by an emphasis on history, philosophy, and law rather than the formal methods of the social sciences; in both respects, but especially the latter, it differs from American IR theory. The origins of British IR theory are traced, and the importance of the ‘English School’ (ES) is stressed, partly because of the work it stimulates, but also bec…
Performance of a food-frequency questionnaire in the US NIH–Aarp (National Institutes of Health–American Association of Retired Persons) Diet and Health Study
Objective We evaluated the performance of the food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) administered to participants in the US NIH–AARP (National Institutes of Health–American Association of Retired Persons) Diet and Health Study, a cohort of 566 404 persons living in the USA and aged 50–71 years at baseline in 1995. Design The 124-item FFQ was evaluated within a measurement error model using two non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls (24HRs) as the re…
Beyond Intrinsic Value
Both Aldo Leopold's "land ethic" and Arne Naess's "deep ecology" have been criticized as providing intellectual justifications for both a misanthropic ecofascism and a policy of ecoterrorism for environmental activists. This chapter argues that each of these two approaches to providing a ground or framework for an environmental ethics is subject to the charges of ecofascism or ecoterrorism only to the extent that each is committed to the notion o…
Critical Realist Ethnography
Louisiana Tobacco Control
The influx of tobacco settlement money has generated unprecedented potential to address the public health problem of tobacco use.1 In states such as California, Massachusetts, and Florida, where resources have been allocated to tobacco control efforts, much has been achieved.2 Yet a recent survey of state legislatures found that less than 10% of settlement funds are designated for smoking prevention.3 With this level of funding, existing blueprin…
Measurement Error in Survey Data
Data Watch
By collecting annual economic and demographic information from a large and representative sample of U.S. households for over a quarter century, the Panel Study of Income Dynamics has compiled a remarkably useful set of microdata. This article describes the PSID and how its unique longitudinal and, in some cases, intergenerational features have been used for studies of intertemporal models of labor supply; wages, employment, and job tenure; consum…
Evidence on the Validity of Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Labor Market Data
This article investigates error properties of survey reports of labor market variables. We use the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) Validation Study, a two-wave panel survey of workers employed by a large firm that shared its detailed payroll records. Individuals' reports of annual earnings are fairly accurate. Errors are negatively related to true earnings, reducing bias due to measurement error when earnings are used as an independent vari…
Employers Large and Small
Problems with the Fregean Interpretation of Husserl
Studying (Small) businesses with the Michigan Employment Security Commission longitudinal data base
Firms' Choice of Method of Pay
Using data from the BLS Industry Wage Survey, the author tests the theory that firms choose their methods of pay by balancing the gains from more precise links between performance and pay against monitoring costs. The results confirm most of the predictions from the general theory. For example, large firms make significantly greater use of standard-rate pay than do small firms, and incentive pay (such as piece rates) is less likely in jobs with a…
The Employer Size-Wage Effect
The authors consider six explanations for the positive relationship between employer size and wages: large employers (1) hire higher-quality workers, (2) offer inferior working conditions, (3) make more use of high wages to forestall unionization, (4) have more ability to pay high wages, (5) face smaller pools of applicants relative to vacancies, and (6) are less able to monitor their workers. They find some support for the first of these, but th…
Minimum Wage Laws
I think there is a reasonably high degree of agreement in studies of the impact of the minimum wage on employment, unemployment, and the distribution of income -- though I will also point to a few areas where further work could refine our understanding of labor markets, and perhaps even change the prevailing view of the impact of the minimum wage. I consider the textbook minimum wage theory; complications of partial coverage and heterogeneous wor…
Gender roles, biological sex, and predisposition to conflict management
A Latin American in New York
The Employer Size-Wage Effect
The authors consider six explanations for the positive relationship between employer size and wages: large employers (1) hire higher-quality workers, (2) offer inferior working conditions, (3) make more use of high wages to forestall unionization, (4) have more ability to pay high wages, (5) face smaller pools of applicants relative to vacancies, and (6) are less able to monitor their workers. They find some support for the first of these, but th…
Trade Unions in the Production Process
In order to estimate the effects of unions on worker productivity, a Cobb-Douglas production function is modified so that unionization is included as a variable. The resulting functional form is similar to that used to isolate the effect of worker quality in previous studies. Using state by two-digit SIC observations for U.S. manufacturing, unionization is found to have a substantial positive effect on output per worker. However, this result depe…
Firms' Choice of Method of Pay
Using data from the BLS Industry Wage Survey, the author tests the theory that firms choose their methods of pay by balancing the gains from more precise links between performance and pay against monitoring costs. The results confirm most of the predictions from the general theory. For example, large firms make significantly greater use of standard-rate pay than do small firms, and incentive pay (such as piece rates) is less likely in jobs with a…
Minimum Wage Laws
I think there is a reasonably high degree of agreement in studies of the impact of the minimum wage on employment, unemployment, and the distribution of income -- though I will also point to a few areas where further work could refine our understanding of labor markets, and perhaps even change the prevailing view of the impact of the minimum wage. I consider the textbook minimum wage theory; complications of partial coverage and heterogeneous wor…
Data Watch
By collecting annual economic and demographic information from a large and representative sample of U.S. households for over a quarter century, the Panel Study of Income Dynamics has compiled a remarkably useful set of microdata. This article describes the PSID and how its unique longitudinal and, in some cases, intergenerational features have been used for studies of intertemporal models of labor supply; wages, employment, and job tenure; consum…
The severity of pedestrian crashes
Communication-Conflict Predisposition
This paper has two objectives. First, it presents a brief informal statement of a theory of the dynamic constructs of personality bearing upon conflicts within and between people. The six dynamics (range of feelings, task energy, respect for community, respect for others, desire for control, and concern for one's own self-uniqueness) are based on the concept-free research of Osgood et al. and Bales. Second, it reports the reliability and validity…
Gender roles, biological sex, and predisposition to conflict management
A response to “what happened to patrol operations in Kansas City?”
Wages and Hours Laws
We summarize recent research on the wage and employment effects of minimum wage laws in the United States and infer from non-U.S. studies of hours laws the likely effects of unchanging U.S. hours laws. The effective minimum wage, increasingly a province of state government, is now closely related to the lower end of a state’s wage distribution. Original estimates demonstrate how the forty-five-year failure to increase the exempt earnings level fo…
The development of International Relations theory in the UK
British International Relations (IR) theory is distinguished by a concern with institutions and norms, and by an emphasis on history, philosophy, and law rather than the formal methods of the social sciences; in both respects, but especially the latter, it differs from American IR theory. The origins of British IR theory are traced, and the importance of the ‘English School’ (ES) is stressed, partly because of the work it stimulates, but also bec…
Exploration of the effect of violent crime on recreational and transportation walking by path and structural equation models
A Model of Optimal Human-Capital Accumulation and the Wages of Young High School Graduates
This paper estimates the parameters of Ben-Porath's model of optimal accumulation of human capital over the life cycle. A discrete-time version of the model is presented, and previous estimates of its parameters are considered. Using longitudinal data on wages of young white high school graduates, these parameters are reestimated. The point estimates of the two key parameters (the discount rate and the elasticity of investment costs with respect …
Human needs and normative economics
Children and Puritanism . Sandford Fleming
The Social Gospel and the Christian Cultus . Charles Clayton Morrison
The forum
Chromosome Aberrations as a Biological Dosimeter
Chromosome Aberrations as a Biological Dosimeter Sally Kelly, Associate Research ScientistPh.D.M.D., and Charles D. Brown, Bacteriologist CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.55.9.1419 Published Online: August 29, 2011
The Physiological Response to the Communication Modes
Thirty male and thirty-three female college students were run in a 3 × 5 factorial design. The three classes of stimuli were personal, pleasant, and aversive words, and the five treatment conditions were Reading, Listening, Writing, Speaking and Evaluating. The stimuli (except for the Listening condition which employed a tape recorder) were presented by tachistoscopic slide projection, in successive random drawings for each treatment. The physiol…
Human needs and normative economics
A response to “what happened to patrol operations in Kansas City?”
Generality of human behavior and economic philosophy
A Model of Optimal Human-Capital Accumulation and the Wages of Young High School Graduates
This paper estimates the parameters of Ben-Porath's model of optimal accumulation of human capital over the life cycle. A discrete-time version of the model is presented, and previous estimates of its parameters are considered. Using longitudinal data on wages of young white high school graduates, these parameters are reestimated. The point estimates of the two key parameters (the discount rate and the elasticity of investment costs with respect …
Trade Unions in the Production Process
In order to estimate the effects of unions on worker productivity, a Cobb-Douglas production function is modified so that unionization is included as a variable. The resulting functional form is similar to that used to isolate the effect of worker quality in previous studies. Using state by two-digit SIC observations for U.S. manufacturing, unionization is found to have a substantial positive effect on output per worker. However, this result depe…
Equalizing Differences in the Labor Market
The theory of equalizing differences asserts that workers receive compensating wage premiums when they accept jobs with undesirable nonwage characteristics, holding the worker's characteristics constant. Previous research provides only inconsistent support for the theory, with wrong-signed or insignificant estimates of these wage premiums fairly common. An oft-cited reason for these anomalies is that important characteristics of the worker remain…
The "Overtaking" Point Revisited
Communication-Conflict Predisposition
This paper has two objectives. First, it presents a brief informal statement of a theory of the dynamic constructs of personality bearing upon conflicts within and between people. The six dynamics (range of feelings, task energy, respect for community, respect for others, desire for control, and concern for one's own self-uniqueness) are based on the concept-free research of Osgood et al. and Bales. Second, it reports the reliability and validity…
A Latin American in New York
Gender roles, biological sex, and predisposition to conflict management
Minimum Wage Laws
I think there is a reasonably high degree of agreement in studies of the impact of the minimum wage on employment, unemployment, and the distribution of income -- though I will also point to a few areas where further work could refine our understanding of labor markets, and perhaps even change the prevailing view of the impact of the minimum wage. I consider the textbook minimum wage theory; complications of partial coverage and heterogeneous wor…
The Employer Size-Wage Effect
The authors consider six explanations for the positive relationship between employer size and wages: large employers (1) hire higher-quality workers, (2) offer inferior working conditions, (3) make more use of high wages to forestall unionization, (4) have more ability to pay high wages, (5) face smaller pools of applicants relative to vacancies, and (6) are less able to monitor their workers. They find some support for the first of these, but th…
Studying (Small) businesses with the Michigan Employment Security Commission longitudinal data base
Firms' Choice of Method of Pay
Using data from the BLS Industry Wage Survey, the author tests the theory that firms choose their methods of pay by balancing the gains from more precise links between performance and pay against monitoring costs. The results confirm most of the predictions from the general theory. For example, large firms make significantly greater use of standard-rate pay than do small firms, and incentive pay (such as piece rates) is less likely in jobs with a…
Problems with the Fregean Interpretation of Husserl
Employers Large and Small
Evidence on the Validity of Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Labor Market Data
This article investigates error properties of survey reports of labor market variables. We use the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) Validation Study, a two-wave panel survey of workers employed by a large firm that shared its detailed payroll records. Individuals' reports of annual earnings are fairly accurate. Errors are negatively related to true earnings, reducing bias due to measurement error when earnings are used as an independent vari…
Data Watch
By collecting annual economic and demographic information from a large and representative sample of U.S. households for over a quarter century, the Panel Study of Income Dynamics has compiled a remarkably useful set of microdata. This article describes the PSID and how its unique longitudinal and, in some cases, intergenerational features have been used for studies of intertemporal models of labor supply; wages, employment, and job tenure; consum…
Measurement Error in Survey Data
Critical Realist Ethnography
Computer Science (13 obras) · Economics (12 obras) · Sociology (12 obras) · Political science (10 obras) · Psychology (9 obras) · Business (8 obras) · Medicine (8 obras) · Labor market dynamics and wage inequality (7 obras) · Labour economics (7 obras) · Environmental health (6 obras)