David A Ro
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3596605 |
|---|---|
| NOME | David A Ro |
| PRENOMES | David A |
| SOBRENOME | Ro |
| ASSINATURA | RO D A |
| AFILIAÇÕES | London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7426-9561 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 43 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 196 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 43 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1957 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Leveraging neuroscience education to address stigma related to opioid use disorder in the community
Opioid use disorder (OUD) and overdose deaths are a public health crisis. One contributing factor is stigma towards people who use opioids. We developed and conducted a public-facing, half-day educational event designed to challenge misperceptions about OUD from a contemporary neuroscience perspective. Participants engaged with three different resources on the neurobiology of addiction, and, at the end of the event, they rated its effectiveness. …
Ethnography as Playful Relational Encounter
This co-authored paper presents a PhD student in anthropology and his primary interlocutor describing collaborative filmmaking as a space ethnographic encounter. They explore how their "ethnographic B movie" (Epp 2024) approach afforded a novel opportunity to perform subjectivity beyond norms of researcher and interlocutor relations and representation. The article was inspired by discussions around Epp's recent conference presentation about the c…
Routine health check-ups for adolescents in Mwanza City, Tanzania
Stakeholders were supportive of the proposed routine health check-ups for adolescents, recommending specific health conditions to be screened for in both community and school settings. Based on the above, we plan to conduct implementation research to determine the number of new treatable conditions detected, and the costs of offering such services. In the longer term, evaluation of their health impact and cost-effectiveness will be required to gu…
Feasibility and acceptability of delivering adolescent health interventions alongside HPV vaccination in Tanzania
BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination offers an opportunity to strengthen provision of adolescent health interventions (AHI). We explored the feasibility of integrating other AHI with HPV vaccination in Tanzania. METHODS: A desk review of 39 policy documents was preceded by a stakeholder meeting with 38 policy makers and partners. Eighteen key informant interviews (KIIs) with health and education policy makers and district officials …
Life course epidemiology
Life course epidemiology may be conceptualised as “the study of long term effects on later health or disease risk of physical or social exposures during gestation, childhood, adolescence, young adulthood and later adult life.”1 Adolescence, the period between childhood and adulthood defined by the WHO as 10–19 years, has an uneasy status in epidemiology. On the one hand, adolescents, who now number over 1.2 billion worldwide—around 20% of the glo…
Sexual Risk Behavior, Alcohol Use, and Social Media Use Among Secondary School Students in Informal Settlements in Cape Town and Port Elizabeth, South Africa
A Ride in the Time Machine
We have proposed needed information management capabilities for future US health departments predicated on trends in health care reform and health information technology. Regardless of whether health departments provide direct clinical services (and many will), they will manage unprecedented quantities of sensitive information for the public health core functions of assurance and assessment, including population-level health surveillance and metr…
They are not always a burden
This qualitative study examines the role of older people (60 years and above) in fostering decisions for orphans and non-orphans within extended families in a rural Ugandan community heavily affected by HIV. Fieldwork conducted in 2006 provided information on the influence of HIV on fostering decisions through 48 individual in-depth interviews and two group interviews with foster-children and family members to develop detailed case studies relate…
Electronic Health Records and US Public Health
Electronic health records (EHRs) could contribute to improving population health in the United States. Realizing this potential will require understanding what EHRs can realistically offer to efforts to improve population health, the requirements for obtaining useful information from EHRs, and a plan for addressing these requirements. Potential contributions of EHRs to improving population health include better understanding of the level and dist…
The sexual behaviour of adolescents in sub‐Saharan Africa
Objectives To describe the sexual and reproductive behaviour of adolescents in sub‐Saharan Africa, particularly 15‐ to 19‐year‐olds. Methods Using DHS/AIS data (2000–2010), nine indicators of adolescent behaviour and one of adult attitudes towards condom education for adolescents were described for 24 countries. Indicators were disaggregated by gender, urban/rural residency and educational status, and time trends were described. Results Up to 25%…
The need to promote behaviour change at the cultural level
The process evaluation suggests that one important reason for this failure is that the intervention did not operate sufficiently at a structural level, particularly in regard to culture. Recently most structural interventions have focused on gender or/and economics. Complementing these with a cultural approach could address the belief systems that justify and perpetuate gender and economic inequalities, as well as other barriers to behaviour chan…
Transactional sex amongst young people in rural northern Tanzania
BACKGROUND: Material exchange for sex (transactional sex) may be important to sexual relationships and health in certain cultures, yet the motivations for transactional sex, its scale and consequences are still little understood. The aim of this paper is to examine young women's motivations to exchange sex for gifts or money, the way in which they negotiate transactional sex throughout their relationships, and the implications of these negotiatio…
Intravaginal and Menstrual Practices among Women Working in Food and Recreational Facilities in Mwanza, Tanzania
Intravaginal and menstrual practices may potentially influence results of trials of microbicides for HIV prevention through effects on the vaginal environment and on adherence to microbicide and placebo products. As part of the feasibility study for the Microbicides Development Programme Phase 3 trial of a vaginal microbicide in Mwanza, a variety of quantitative and qualitative methods were used to describe these practices, associations with beha…
Sexual risk behaviour for women working in recreational venues in Mwanza, Tanzania
Qualitative research was conducted to explore the social context of sexual-risk behaviour among women working in recreational occupations, during a feasibility study in preparation for the Phase III clinical trial of vaginal microbicides in Mwanza, Tanzania. Participant observation was conducted in 68 recreational venues. Six focus group discussions were conducted with women working in recreational occupations and two with male customers at these…
Aborting and Suspending Pregnancy in Rural Tanzania
The World Health Organization estimates that 3.1 percent of East African women aged 15–44 have undergone unsafe abortions. This study presents findings regarding abortion practices and beliefs among adolescents and young adults in Tanzania, where abortion is illegal. From 1999 to 2002, six researchers carried out participant observation in nine villages and conducted group discussions and interviews in three others. Most informants opposed aborti…
She was bewitched and caught an illness similar to Aids’
HIV/AIDS programmes and interventions are more likely to succeed if they engage with local people's beliefs about AIDS causation. This study examined beliefs about general illness, sexually-transmitted infection (STI) and AIDS aetiology in rural Mwanza, Tanzania. From 1999-2002, participant observation was carried out in nine villages for a total of 158 person-weeks. Beliefs about general illness causation included God's will, chance, natural/bio…
Contradictory sexual norms and expectations for young people in rural Northern Tanzania
Aristotle
A typology of groups at risk of HIV/STI in a gold mining town in north-western Tanzania
The Right and the Good
The Right and the Good is a classic of 20th‐century philosophy by the great scholar Sir David Ross, which is now presented in a new edition with a substantial introduction by Philip Stratton–Lake, a leading expert on Ross. Ross's book was originally published in 1930, and is the pinnacle of ethical intuitionism, which was the dominant moral theory in British philosophy for much of the 19th and early 20th century. The central concern of the book i…
Early Holocene Marine Flooding of the Black Sea
Echo-sounding data recorded in the Black Sea in 1969 imaged a chain of hills 5- to 150-m high at a depth of 2000–2200 m that resemble hills on the lower continental rise. Like those hills, the features in the western Black Sea may have been created by bottom currents. The easterly flowing currents inferred to have formed the hills may be related to a catastrophic flood of the Black Sea from the Sea of Marmara 7150 yr ago.
Meeting information needs in health policy and public health
Ross and Colleagues Respond
Ross and Colleagues Respond David A. Ross, and Betty R. Kirkwood A Sommer, and K P West, JrCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.87.3.468 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Child morbidity and mortality following vitamin A supplementation in Ghana
OBJECTIVES: The impact of large-dose vitamin A supplementation given at intervals of 4 months on child mortality and morbidity was examined according to the time interval since dosing, number of doses received previously, and time of year. METHODS: Two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials of large doses of vitamin A administered at intervals of 4 months were conducted in adjacent populations in northern Ghana. RESULTS: While vitami…
The autonomous kingdom of Dahomey, 1818-94
The aim of this study has been to provide, as far as possible, an accurate outline of developments in Dahoman political society during the course of the nineteenth century. The findings of this, the major part of the work, have then been used as a check against descriptions of the Fon state based on anthropological evidence. In this way it has been attempted to place the institutions of Dahoman corporate life in the context of their historical de…
Contradictory sexual norms and expectations for young people in rural Northern Tanzania
Life course epidemiology
Life course epidemiology may be conceptualised as “the study of long term effects on later health or disease risk of physical or social exposures during gestation, childhood, adolescence, young adulthood and later adult life.”1 Adolescence, the period between childhood and adulthood defined by the WHO as 10–19 years, has an uneasy status in epidemiology. On the one hand, adolescents, who now number over 1.2 billion worldwide—around 20% of the glo…
A typology of groups at risk of HIV/STI in a gold mining town in north-western Tanzania
The Career of Domingo Martinez in the Bight of Benin 1833–64
The career of Martinez provides a guide to the economic and political fortunes of the Brazilians in the coastal States of the Bight of Benin in the eighteen-forties, fifties, and early sixties. The first phase of his career took place while the Brazilian slave trade was still at its height; the second phase covered the successful Brazilian adaptation to the new commercial patterns involved in the introduction of the palm oil trade; the third phas…
They are not always a burden
This qualitative study examines the role of older people (60 years and above) in fostering decisions for orphans and non-orphans within extended families in a rural Ugandan community heavily affected by HIV. Fieldwork conducted in 2006 provided information on the influence of HIV on fostering decisions through 48 individual in-depth interviews and two group interviews with foster-children and family members to develop detailed case studies relate…
Child morbidity and mortality following vitamin A supplementation in Ghana
OBJECTIVES: The impact of large-dose vitamin A supplementation given at intervals of 4 months on child mortality and morbidity was examined according to the time interval since dosing, number of doses received previously, and time of year. METHODS: Two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials of large doses of vitamin A administered at intervals of 4 months were conducted in adjacent populations in northern Ghana. RESULTS: While vitami…
The Dahomean Middleman System, 1727–c. 1818
During the first quarter of the eighteenth century, European merchants bought more slaves in the Bight of Benin than on any other part of the West African coast. From c . 1720 until 1727 much of their buying was concentrated in Savi, the capital of a small Aja state called Whydah. When the Dahomeans overran Savi in 1727 they stopped the inland slave suppliers from travelling to the coast, prevented the local Hueda from going inland to collect sla…
Is growth monitoring worthwhile? An evaluation of its use in three child health programmes in Zaire
European Models and West African History. Further Comments on the Recent Historiography of Dahomey
Pre-colonial Dahomey's two most recent historians, Isaac A. Akinjogbin and John C. Yoder, have argued that Dahomey was a progressive nation that had much in common with the states of the modern West. Akinjogbin and Yoder have laid particularly heavy emphasis on this point when describing the kingdom's system of government. Their account of that system appears to be generally accepted. It has, at any rate, been repeated in the more important textb…
The Anti-Slave Trade Theme in Dahoman History
Eighteenth- and nineteenth-century travelers who described pre-colonial Dahomey all stressed that the Dahomans were dedicated, enthusiastic slavers. The kingdom's first historian, Archibald Dalzel, remarked, for example, that the Dahomans were “bred solely to war and rapine.” F.E. Forbes, the author of one of the best-known nineteenth-century accounts of the kingdom, in a similar vein, declared of Dahomey that “strange and contradictory as it may…
The Mental Hospital and Marital Family Ties
The Mental Hospital and Marital Family Ties Get access Harold Sampson, Harold Sampson Bay Area Health Study, California Department of Mental Hygiene Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sheldon L. Messinger, Sheldon L. Messinger Bay Area Health Study, California Department of Mental Hygiene Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert D. Towne, Robert D. Towne Ba…
Aborting and Suspending Pregnancy in Rural Tanzania
The World Health Organization estimates that 3.1 percent of East African women aged 15–44 have undergone unsafe abortions. This study presents findings regarding abortion practices and beliefs among adolescents and young adults in Tanzania, where abortion is illegal. From 1999 to 2002, six researchers carried out participant observation in nine villages and conducted group discussions and interviews in three others. Most informants opposed aborti…
Mid-Nineteenth Century Dahomey
Three mid-nineteenth century English travellers, F.E. Forbes, R.F. Burton, and J.A. Skertchly, published books which contain detailed descriptions of the way in which the Dahoman state was then organized. The three authors' works, when taken together, form the most coherent, best researched, precolonial account of the Dahoman kingdom. Dahomey's more recent historians, while purporting to rely on Forbes', Burton's, and Skertchly's evidence, have n…
Electronic Health Records and US Public Health
Electronic health records (EHRs) could contribute to improving population health in the United States. Realizing this potential will require understanding what EHRs can realistically offer to efforts to improve population health, the requirements for obtaining useful information from EHRs, and a plan for addressing these requirements. Potential contributions of EHRs to improving population health include better understanding of the level and dist…
The autonomous kingdom of Dahomey, 1818-94
The aim of this study has been to provide, as far as possible, an accurate outline of developments in Dahoman political society during the course of the nineteenth century. The findings of this, the major part of the work, have then been used as a check against descriptions of the Fon state based on anthropological evidence. In this way it has been attempted to place the institutions of Dahoman corporate life in the context of their historical de…
Between Spring and Summer
Aristotle's `Metaphysics
Book Reviews Get access Aristotle’s ‘Metaphysics’. Edited and translated by John Warrington. Introduction by Sir David Ross. (London : Dent. 1956. Pp. xxvii + 388. Price 7s). A. C. Lloyd A. C. Lloyd Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 7, Issue 27, April 1957, Page 178, https://doi.org/10.2307/2216965 Published: 01 April 1957
The Nicomachean Ethics of Aristotle
The Mental Hospital and Marital Family Ties
The Mental Hospital and Marital Family Ties Get access Harold Sampson, Harold Sampson Bay Area Health Study, California Department of Mental Hygiene Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sheldon L. Messinger, Sheldon L. Messinger Bay Area Health Study, California Department of Mental Hygiene Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert D. Towne, Robert D. Towne Ba…
Social and Economic Frontiers in Latin America
The Career of Domingo Martinez in the Bight of Benin 1833–64
The career of Martinez provides a guide to the economic and political fortunes of the Brazilians in the coastal States of the Bight of Benin in the eighteen-forties, fifties, and early sixties. The first phase of his career took place while the Brazilian slave trade was still at its height; the second phase covered the successful Brazilian adaptation to the new commercial patterns involved in the introduction of the palm oil trade; the third phas…
Livres/Books
Livres/Books
The Anti-Slave Trade Theme in Dahoman History
Eighteenth- and nineteenth-century travelers who described pre-colonial Dahomey all stressed that the Dahomans were dedicated, enthusiastic slavers. The kingdom's first historian, Archibald Dalzel, remarked, for example, that the Dahomans were “bred solely to war and rapine.” F.E. Forbes, the author of one of the best-known nineteenth-century accounts of the kingdom, in a similar vein, declared of Dahomey that “strange and contradictory as it may…
European Models and West African History. Further Comments on the Recent Historiography of Dahomey
Pre-colonial Dahomey's two most recent historians, Isaac A. Akinjogbin and John C. Yoder, have argued that Dahomey was a progressive nation that had much in common with the states of the modern West. Akinjogbin and Yoder have laid particularly heavy emphasis on this point when describing the kingdom's system of government. Their account of that system appears to be generally accepted. It has, at any rate, been repeated in the more important textb…
Mid-Nineteenth Century Dahomey
Three mid-nineteenth century English travellers, F.E. Forbes, R.F. Burton, and J.A. Skertchly, published books which contain detailed descriptions of the way in which the Dahoman state was then organized. The three authors' works, when taken together, form the most coherent, best researched, precolonial account of the Dahoman kingdom. Dahomey's more recent historians, while purporting to rely on Forbes', Burton's, and Skertchly's evidence, have n…
Health Interview Surveys in Developing Countries
This review covers cross-sectional health interview surveys in which respondents were asked about their recent illness and their use of preventive and curative health services. Country survey results differed widely, for both morbidity prevalence estimates and health services utilization, reflecting major methodological differences as well as any true differences that may exist between the population groups studied. Comparison of morbidity and ut…
Does training TBAs prevent neonatal tetanus
Training traditional birth attendants (TBAs) has been promoted as a way to prevent neonatal tetanus in areas of the developing world where TBAs are widespread. The evidence for the effectiveness of this strategy is reviewed. It is concluded that the evidence that training TBAs prevents neonatal tetanus is much weaker than that for vaccination of women with tetanus toxoid either before or during their pregnancy. Vaccination is the method of choice…
Child health clinics in developing countries
Child health clinics offering a mixture of curative and preventive services are an effective way of reducing childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries. The available epidemiological evidence suggests that the major health problems affecting children have their greatest impact among children under the age of 36 months. Similarly, the health interventions available to prevent these problems are most effective when applied before the…
The Dahomean Middleman System, 1727–c. 1818
During the first quarter of the eighteenth century, European merchants bought more slaves in the Bight of Benin than on any other part of the West African coast. From c . 1720 until 1727 much of their buying was concentrated in Savi, the capital of a small Aja state called Whydah. When the Dahomeans overran Savi in 1727 they stopped the inland slave suppliers from travelling to the coast, prevented the local Hueda from going inland to collect sla…
Robert Norris, Agaja, and the Dahomean Conquest of Allada and Whydah
In a book in which he gave an account of the reign of Tegbesu (1740-1774), Robert Norris, the late eighteenth-century slave trader historian of Dahomey, included a brief sketch of the career of Tegbesu's father, Agaja (1718-1740), the conqueror of Allada and Whydah. Norris portrayed Agaja as a nation-builder who brought the Dahomeans and the people of Allada and Whydah, “the conquerors and the conquered,” to think of themselves as “one people.” T…
Is growth monitoring worthwhile? An evaluation of its use in three child health programmes in Zaire
Costs of vitamin A supplementation
Health service information intended for the planning and/or monitoring of district health programmes should be up to date, precise and obtained by judicious use of available resources. Employing a rapid assessment type of design, this study quickly and inexpensively investigated the cost implications of integrating vitamin A supplementation with immunization. It also assessed its potential for achieving adequate supplementation coverage. The stud…
Between Spring and Summer
Child morbidity and mortality following vitamin A supplementation in Ghana
OBJECTIVES: The impact of large-dose vitamin A supplementation given at intervals of 4 months on child mortality and morbidity was examined according to the time interval since dosing, number of doses received previously, and time of year. METHODS: Two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials of large doses of vitamin A administered at intervals of 4 months were conducted in adjacent populations in northern Ghana. RESULTS: While vitami…
Ross and Colleagues Respond
Ross and Colleagues Respond David A. Ross, and Betty R. Kirkwood A Sommer, and K P West, JrCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.87.3.468 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Meeting information needs in health policy and public health
Early Holocene Marine Flooding of the Black Sea
Echo-sounding data recorded in the Black Sea in 1969 imaged a chain of hills 5- to 150-m high at a depth of 2000–2200 m that resemble hills on the lower continental rise. Like those hills, the features in the western Black Sea may have been created by bottom currents. The easterly flowing currents inferred to have formed the hills may be related to a catastrophic flood of the Black Sea from the Sea of Marmara 7150 yr ago.
The Right and the Good
The Right and the Good is a classic of 20th‐century philosophy by the great scholar Sir David Ross, which is now presented in a new edition with a substantial introduction by Philip Stratton–Lake, a leading expert on Ross. Ross's book was originally published in 1930, and is the pinnacle of ethical intuitionism, which was the dominant moral theory in British philosophy for much of the 19th and early 20th century. The central concern of the book i…
Aristotle
A typology of groups at risk of HIV/STI in a gold mining town in north-western Tanzania
Medicine (26 obras) · Political science (20 obras) · Environmental health (17 obras) · History (13 obras) · Sociology (13 obras) · Family medicine (12 obras) · Population (12 obras) · Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (10 obras) · Psychology (10 obras) · Nursing (9 obras)