Karl-Dieter Opp
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3597889 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Karl-Dieter Opp |
| PRENOMES | Karl-Dieter |
| SOBRENOME | Opp |
| ASSINATURA | OPP K |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Washington |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 86 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 1125 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 85 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 2 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1970 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 13 |
The Methodology of the Cologne School of Sociology as a Precursor of Analytical–Empirical Sociology
This paper focuses on the methodology (i.e., the philosophy of science) of the so-called Cologne School of sociology, which was founded after World War II by René König. Although there is extensive literature about the history of Cologne Sociology, its methodology has not yet been examined in detail. That is the subject of this article. The first step is to reconstruct the rules and assumptions underlying this methodology. Since the underlying me…
Analytical Criminology
"There are more than twenty theories that explain crime. Each theory has weaknesses, and no scholar knows which theory is best. To remedy this unsatisfactory situation a new research program of comparative theory testing is proposed. Comparing the theories with each other has not yet been successful. The alternative, suggested in this book, is to show how criminological theories must be modified if they are compared with a general behavioral theo…
What a Theory of Social Norms and Institutions Should Look Like
In the previous issue of Analyse & Kritik (2020, vol. 42, issue 1) Alexander Vostroknutov (3-39) aims at a ‘synthesis’ of economics with ‘psychology, sociology, and evolutionary human biology.’ This paper argues that his approach needs to be complemented at least by work from sociologists and social psychologists. Starting with problems of defining and measuring norms it is then claimed that a theory of norms should address the origin, change and…
The Rationality of Political Protest
The authors systematically apply rational choice theory in order to suggest hypotheses about political protest. They test these hypotheses by means of surveys and compare their rational choice hypotheses with competing hypotheses.
Definitionen und ihre Bedeutung für die Sozialwissenschaften
Social Institutions
Externalities, Social Networks, and the Emergence of Norms
Externalities, Social Networks, and the Emergence of Norms: A Critical Analysis and Extension of James Coleman’s Theory Karl-Dieter Opp (bio) INTRODUCTION Norms are pervasive in everyday life. They specify what is allowed, prescribed, or prohibited. Many norms are stated explicitly, such as laws, which are often well known. This holds for many paragraphs of the penal code. Most norms, however, are not explicitly formulated, and sometimes we are n…
Social Institutions
When is ignorance bliss? Disclosing true information and cascades of norm violation in networks
Norms
Methodologie der Sozialwissenschaften
Wozu sollte man sich mit Methodologie befassen? - Struktur sozialwissenschaftlicher Aussagen - Erklärung, Voraussage und Verstehen - Probleme der Begriffsbildung - Verfahren der Explikation - Informationsgehalt sozialwissenschaftlicher Theorienbildung - Empirische Prüfung sozialwissenschaftlicher Theorien - Wie kritisiert man eine sozialwissenschaftliche Theorie? - Werte in der Wissenschaft: Das Wertfreiheitspostulat - Sozialwissenschaften und so…
Das Aggregationsproblem bei Mikro-Makro-Erklärungen
The Explanation of Everything. A Critical Assessment of Raymond Boudon's Theory Explaining Descriptive and Normative Beliefs, Attitudes, Preferences and Behavior
Raymond Boudon proposa una teoria que explica les actituds, les creences descriptives i normatives, les preferències i la conducta, en altres paraules: tot —o com a mínim quasi tot— en el que els científics socials estan interessats. La idea bàsica és que les raons són un factor causal fonamental, però que existeixen també, en termes de Boudon, factors irracionals, com les causes afectives. Aquest és el primer article que ofereix una anàlisi crít…
Methodologie der Sozialwissenschaften
Methodologie der Sozialwissenschaften
Empirischer Theorienvergleich
Rational choice theory, the logic of explanation, middle-range theories and Analytical Sociology
What is Analytical Sociology? Strengths and weaknesses of a new sociological research program
In this article, several problems of Analytical Sociology (AS) - a new school of sociological thought - are discussed. A first contention of this article is that the critique of the covering-law model (i.e. the Hempel-Oppenheim scheme) submitted by proponents of AS is problematic. The rejection of rational choice theory in AS is criticized as well. It is argued that the alleged alternative general theory applied by proponents of AS, namely DBO th…
Collective identity, rationality and collective political action
This paper explores the effects of collective identity on protest behavior by applying an extended version of the theory of collective action. Hypotheses are derived about the following questions that are rarely addressed in the literature: Are there situations in which collective identity diminishes protest? The standard assumption is that collective identity increases protest behavior. Does collective identity have indirect effects - via the de…
Modeling Micro-Macro Relationships
This article discusses several problems of the micro-macro model, as it is depicted in its simplest form as the Coleman scheme. There is a macroproposition, its independent variables have causal effects on independent variables of a micro-theory, and the dependent variable of the micro-theory has a causal impact on the dependent variable of the macroproposition. This scheme is used to identify the basic possible problems of micro-macro modeling w…
Political Protest and Personality Traits
We examine the extent to which personality traits and variables based on the theory of collective action (i.e., incentives) can explain protest participation. We use the Big Five personality traits, measured by a list of bipolar adjectives: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. Incentives are political discontent and perceived personal influence, perceived obligation to protest and social incentives (i.e., int…
Theories of Political Protest and Social Movements
Political protest and social movements are ubiquitous phenomena. This book focuses on the current theoretical approaches that aim at explaining them: the theory of collective action, the resource mobilization perspective, political opportunity structure theory, the identity approach, the framing perspective, and the dynamics of contention approach. The book has three objectives: (1) Many basic concepts like political opportunities or identity are…
Das individualistische Erklärungsprogramm in der Soziologie. Entwicklung, Stand und Probleme / The Individualistic Research Program in Sociology. Development, Present State, and Problems
Ausgehend von der Beschreibung der Anfänge des individualistischen Erklärungsprogramms am Institut für Soziologie der Universität zu Köln und seiner weiteren Entwicklung erfolgt eine Explikation dieses Programms. Sodann werden dessen mögliche Probleme mittels des bekannten Mikro-Makro-Schemas („Coleman-Boot“) identifiziert und dann im Einzelnen diskutiert. Hinsichtlich der angewendeten Mikrotheorie wird u.a. die These vertreten, dass deren Proble…
Rational Choice
In der Soziologie finden Rational-Choice (RC)-Erklärungen zunehmende Verbreitung. Sie sollen einerseits zu einer Lösung allgemeiner theoretischer Kernprobleme (Erklärung von sozialer Ordnung, Kooperation und sozialen Normen) beitragen. DarÃ1⁄4ber hinaus dominiert die RC-Theorie mittlerweile zahlreiche Felder der empirischen Forschung. In diesem Band beschreiben namhafte Autoren die umfangreichen theoretischen und empirischen Anwendungsmöglichkeit…
When and Why Do People Think There Should Be a Divorce
This article focuses on the conditions under which people think that spouses should or should not divorce. In order to explain acceptance of a more or less permissive divorce norm we draw on a theory of norm emergence, arguing that negative externalities of divorces and marriages and integration in divorce-supporting social networks are important determinants for the emergence of norms. We extend this theory by introducing interdependencies betwe…
Rational Choice and Rebellious Collective Action
A basic problem for a rational choice theory of rebellious collective action is to explain why average citizens would participate in such behavior, since they have nothing to gain (they will receive benefits of successful rebellion, in terms of public goods, regardless of whether they take part or not), but much to lose (rebellious behavior may be quite costly). According to the conventional private interest or "by-product" theory, the incentive …
Dissident Groups, Personal Networks, and Spontaneous Cooperation
Les AA. s'interrogent sur le role des groupes et des reseaux personnels dans les manifestations en Allemagne de l'Est entre mai et octobre 1989. Dans un premier temps, ils proposent un micro-modele specifiant une theorie d'incitation individuelle a participer ; puis ils soutiennent que les evenements et les changements politiques dans le contexte social lies a l'existence de mecanismes coordonnes ont produit les manifestations a grande echelle de…
Personal Influence, Collective Rationality, and Mass Political Action
We propose two models to explain why individuals participate in collective political action-a personal influence model and a collective rationality model. Each model overcomes the free-rider problem posed by conventional rational choice theory and left unresolved in previous research. The models are tested for legal and illegal protest behaviors, using data from a national sample and two samples of protest-prone communities in the Federal Republi…
Contending Conceptions of the Theory of Rational Action
Advocates of the theory of rational action are divided in regard to the version of the theory they accept. This paper distinguishes between a narrow version, claiming that the kinds of preferences and constraints to be used in explanations must be restricted, and a wide version imposing no such restrictions, and thus including beliefs, altruism, norms and social sanctions in explaining behavior. The paper begins by describing the major assumption…
Probing the Character of Norms
The purpose of this paper is twofold : first, to contribute to the methodology for measuring norms; and second, to measure the norms of political action among a sample of respondents in Leipzig, in the former East Germany, in 1993. They highlight four aspects of norms : (1) polarity, whether a norm is prescriptive, proscriptive, or bipolar; (2) conditionality, whether a norm holds under all circumstances; (3) intensity, the degree to which indivi…
Repression, Micromobilization, and Political Protest
Journal Article Repression, Micromobilization, and Political Protest Get access Karl-Dieter Opp, Karl-Dieter Opp Universität Hamburg Please address correspondence to the authors at Universitöt Hamburg, Institut für Soziologie, Allende-Platz 1, 2000 Hamburg 13, Federal Republic of Germany. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Wolfgang Roehl Wolfgang Roehl Universität Hamburg Please address correspondence to the …
Grievances and Participation in Social Movements
This paper addresses three questions regarding the dynamics of grievances: (1) What is the causal order of grievances and social movement participation (SMP)? (2) To what extent does the intensity of grievances before a critical incident, such as the reactor accident at Chernobyl, affect the extent of SMP after the incident? (3) Is the intensity of grievances related to the kind of SMP adopted? To answer these questions, 121 opponents of nuclear …
Soft Incentives and Collective Action
The standard explanation of collective action in modern political economy can be outlined as follows: a collective (or public) good is only an incentive for a joint contribution to its provision, if those who benefit from the good at least perceive some influence arising from their contribution, the costs of contributing being otherwise greater than the benefits derived from it; otherwise joint efforts for the provision of the collective good wil…
Party Identification and Participation in Collective Political Action
Previous research has shown a strong relationship between party identification and participation in conventional political activities such as voting and campaign behavior. We extend these analyses by examining the effects of party identification and strength of identification on participation in both campaign activities and political protest. We hypothesize that party differences in these behaviors can be explained by the different levels of part…
Repression and Revolutionary Action
A theoretical model is proposed explaining why repression sometimes deters and sometimes instigates political action. Then this model is applied to explain the mounting protests in East Germany in 1989. The basic idea of the model is that repression, as a cost, has a direct deterring effect on political action, but that increasing repression instigates positive incentives up to a certain point; then positive incentives decrease-a relationship cor…
Postmaterialism, Collective Action, and Political Protest
This paper examines the effects of postmaterialism on political protest by applying the theory of collective action. From the perspective of this theory, postmaterialism is a set of preferences for a particular class of public goods. This conceptualization allows the integration of the postmaterialism concept into a theory of political protest suggested in this paper. This theory as well as propositions derived from Ronald Inglehart's work are co…
Der faktorielle Survey und die Messung von Normen
Socialist Values and the Development of Democratic Support in the Former East Germany
Through the use of a three-wave panel study of citizens of the former East German city of Leipzig, the article explores the changes in the relationship between socialist values and democratic support over time. It finds that the direct effect of socialist values on democratic satisfaction declines substantially from the 1993-96 portion of the panel study to the 1996-98 period. As individuals acquire more experience with the democratic system, the…
Die Reduzierbarkeit von Soziologie auf Psychologie
Zur Problematik der Abgrenzung und der Reduktion Der Versuch, Theorien eines bestimmten Bereichs auf solche eines anderen Bereichs zu reduzieren, hat im allgemeinen mit Widerständen zu rechnen, die mi
What is Analytical Sociology? Strengths and weaknesses of a new sociological research program
In this article, several problems of Analytical Sociology (AS) - a new school of sociological thought - are discussed. A first contention of this article is that the critique of the covering-law model (i.e. the Hempel-Oppenheim scheme) submitted by proponents of AS is problematic. The rejection of rational choice theory in AS is criticized as well. It is argued that the alleged alternative general theory applied by proponents of AS, namely DBO th…
Adverse Living Conditions, Grievances, and Political Protest after Communism
Journal Article Adverse Living Conditions, Grievances, and Political Protest after Communism: The Example of East Germany Get access Karl-Dieter Opp Karl-Dieter Opp University of Leipzig Direct correspondence to: Karl-Dieter Opp, Universitaet Leipzig, Institut fuer Soziologie, Burgstr. 21, 04109 Leipzig, Germany. E-mail: [email protected]. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, Volume 79, Is…
Modeling Micro-Macro Relationships
This article discusses several problems of the micro-macro model, as it is depicted in its simplest form as the Coleman scheme. There is a macroproposition, its independent variables have causal effects on independent variables of a micro-theory, and the dependent variable of the micro-theory has a causal impact on the dependent variable of the macroproposition. This scheme is used to identify the basic possible problems of micro-macro modeling w…
When Do Norms Emerge by Human Design and When by the Unintended Consequences of Human Action
Although it is well known that social norms may emerge by human design or as an unintended outcome of uncoordinated human action, little work has been done addressing the conditions under which each of these processes occurs. This article suggests propositions focusing on this question, applies them in explaining the emergence of a no-smoking norm and tests some of them with a factorial survey. The data show that there is the expected strong nega…
Collective identity, rationality and collective political action
This paper explores the effects of collective identity on protest behavior by applying an extended version of the theory of collective action. Hypotheses are derived about the following questions that are rarely addressed in the literature: Are there situations in which collective identity diminishes protest? The standard assumption is that collective identity increases protest behavior. Does collective identity have indirect effects - via the de…
Political Protest and Personality Traits
We examine the extent to which personality traits and variables based on the theory of collective action (i.e., incentives) can explain protest participation. We use the Big Five personality traits, measured by a list of bipolar adjectives: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. Incentives are political discontent and perceived personal influence, perceived obligation to protest and social incentives (i.e., int…
Does Antiregime Action Under Communist Rule Affect Political Protest After the Fall
This article addresses the effects of political protest at a certain time on the actors' protest at a later time. I argue that if there is an effect it is indirect: political protest leads to a change in certain variables that affect participation at a later time. In a first step, these variables are specified, based on previous research. It is assumed that public goods preferences (i.e., political, economic, social discontent, and political alie…
Empirischer Theorienvergleich
In den Sozialwissenschaften gibt es zwar eine Vielzahl von Theorien, die bean spruchen, bestimmte Sachverhalte zu erklaren. Es kann jedoch nicht entschieden wer den, welche dieser Theorien bessere Erklarungen leisten. Der Grund ist, daB Sozial wissenschaftler nur selten versuchen, Theorien miteinander zu konfrontieren, und zwar auf der Grundlage empirischer Untersuchungsergebnisse. Mit anderen Worten: empiri sche Theorienvergleiche werden nicht i…
Gesellschaftliche Krisen, Gelegenheitsstrukturen oder rationales Handeln
Es werden drei theoretische Ansätze miteinander verglichen, die gegenwärtig häufig bei der Erklärung sozialer Bewegungen und politischen Protests angewendet werden: Die Krisentheorie sozialer Bewegungen behauptet, daß Protest ein Ergebnis gesellschaftlicher Krisenerscheinungen ist. Die Theorie der Gelegenheitsstrukturen sieht die Entstehungsbedingungen sozialer Bewegungen in wechselnden gesellschaftlichen Handlungszwängen oder Handlungsmöglichkei…
Balance Theory
The development of theories in the social sciences follows an apparently lawlike pattern: at the outset some more or less precise theoretical ideas are advanced. If these elicit the attention of other scientists, the follow-ing happens: some authors catch on to these ideas, modify them and conduct empirical investigations to test them. Further modifications and empirical investigations follow. After some years there exist a great many different v…
Wann ist man Deutsch? Empirische Ergebnisse eines faktoriellen Surveys
The experimental method in the social sciences
Funktionalistische, ökologische und Kontext-Hypothesen
Wir wollen in diesem Kapitel fragen, ob bestimmte Arten von Hypothesen Aussagen über Individuen und deren Eigenschaften enthalten oder nicht. Wir analysieren also die in diesen Aussagen enthaltenen Begriffe, d. h. wir versuchen nicht, die Hypothesen aus anderen Hypothesen abzuleiten.
Die Konsequenzen der Reduktionismus-These für die Theoriebildung und die empirische Forschung
Aufgrund unserer voraufgegangenen Analyse halten wir es für gerechtfertigt, die These der Reduzierbarkeit soziologischer Begriffe und Hypothesen auf psychologische Begriffe und Hypothesen als vorläufig bestätigt anzunehmen.
Die Reduktionismusthese und die Methode ihrer Prüfung
Bevor die These, daß Soziologie auf Psychologie reduzierbar ist, geprüft werden kann, ist es erforderlich, sie präziser zu formulieren. Ehe nämlich nicht klar ist, was unter Psychologie, Soziologie und Reduktion zu verstehen ist, kann man nicht die Frage beantworten, ob Soziologie auf Psychologie reduzierbar ist. Eine solche Klärung der Problemsituation ist in diesem Zusammenhang deshalb erforderlich, well unter Psychologie, Soziologie und Redukt…
Die Erklärung einiger soziologischer durch psychologische Hypothesen
Man könnte gegen den Versuch, soziologische Hypothesen aus psychologischen abzuleiten, folgendes einwenden. Zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt seien die psychologischen Theorien noch nicht so weit entwickelt, daß eine Ableitung soziologischer Theorien irgendwelche Konsequenzen für die Reduktionismusthese hätte; denn möglicherweise seien soziologische Hypothesen aus künftigen psychologischen Theorien, bei denen es keine Probleme irgendwelcher Art gibt, n…
Die Logik der Reduktion
Bevor wir uns mit der Reduktion von konkreten soziologischen Begriffen und Hypothesen befassen, wollen wir einige Probleme logisch-methodologischer Art diskutieren, die bei der Reduktion von Soziologie auf Psychologie auftreten oder auftreten könnten.
Die Problematik einer eigenständigen Soziologie
Die These, daß die Soziologie in irgendeinem Sinne eine „eigenständige“ oder „autonome“ Wissenschaft sei, daß sie es etwa mit „grundsätzlich“ anderen Phänomenen zu tun habe als die Psychologie oder daß ihre Theorien „grundsätzlich“andere Phäno mene erklären und voraussagen könnten als die Psychologie, ist vor allem bei Soziologen verbreitet. Bereits Emile Durkheim hat diese These in seinen „Regeln der soziologischen Methode“ formuliert. Er schrei…
Die Analyse einiger zentraler soziologischer Begriffe
Wir wollen in diesem Kapitel eine Reihe soziologischer Begriffe daraufhin untersuchen, ob sie durch Merkmale von Individuen definierbar sind. Wir sagten bereits, daß viele soziologische Begriffe relativ unpräzise sind. Somit gibt es jeweils verschiedene Explikationsmöglichkeiten. Es ist nun nicht unsere Absicht, alle verschiedenen Möglichkeiten, wie man einen Begriff definieren könnte, einzeln durchzuspielen. Unser Ziel ist vielmehr nur zu zeigen…
Die Reduzierbarkeit von Soziologie auf Psychologie
Zur Problematik der Abgrenzung und der Reduktion Der Versuch, Theorien eines bestimmten Bereichs auf solche eines anderen Bereichs zu reduzieren, hat im allgemeinen mit Widerständen zu rechnen, die mi
Soziologie im Recht
VRÜ Verfassung und Recht in Übersee , Seite 100 - 103
Group Size, Emergence, and Composition Laws
La description des phenomenes collectifs a l'aide de certaines lois de composition qui servent a transposer les phenomenes individuels, n'aboutit pas a des lois collectives, pour le groupe. Ces lois de composition apparaissent donc inefficaces et superflues. En outre pour expliquer les proprietes des phenomenes sociaux a partir des theories individualistes, il faut determiner quelles sont les conditions initiales qui changent et de quelle maniere…
Die Entstehung sozialer Normen
Die Entstehung sozialer Normen. Ein Integrationsversuch soziologischer, sozialpsychologischer und ökonomischer Erklärungen
Soziale Probleme und Protestverhalten
Balance Theory
The development of theories in the social sciences follows an apparently lawlike pattern: at the outset some more or less precise theoretical ideas are advanced. If these elicit the attention of other scientists, the follow-ing happens: some authors catch on to these ideas, modify them and conduct empirical investigations to test them. Further modifications and empirical investigations follow. After some years there exist a great many different v…
Social Problems and Protest Behavior
Die Entstehung Sozialer Normen
Das Modell des Homo Sociologicus. Eine Explikation und eine Konfrontierung mit dem utilitaristischen Verhaltensmodell
The present paper focuses on the sociological model of man (also denoted as homo sociologicus or normative paradigm). It is discussed to what extent three problems limit its explanatory value: (1) behavior which is not normatively regulated and (2) behavior deviating from norms cannot be explained. (3) In case of norm conflicts it cannot be explained which of the normative expectations is followed. It is further discussed to what extent another m…
Soft Incentives and Collective Action
The standard explanation of collective action in modern political economy can be outlined as follows: a collective (or public) good is only an incentive for a joint contribution to its provision, if those who benefit from the good at least perceive some influence arising from their contribution, the costs of contributing being otherwise greater than the benefits derived from it; otherwise joint efforts for the provision of the collective good wil…
Rational Choice and Rebellious Collective Action
A basic problem for a rational choice theory of rebellious collective action is to explain why average citizens would participate in such behavior, since they have nothing to gain (they will receive benefits of successful rebellion, in terms of public goods, regardless of whether they take part or not), but much to lose (rebellious behavior may be quite costly). According to the conventional private interest or "by-product" theory, the incentive …
What Can We Learn from the Utilitarian Tradition
Grievances and Participation in Social Movements
This paper addresses three questions regarding the dynamics of grievances: (1) What is the causal order of grievances and social movement participation (SMP)? (2) To what extent does the intensity of grievances before a critical incident, such as the reactor accident at Chernobyl, affect the extent of SMP after the incident? (3) Is the intensity of grievances related to the kind of SMP adopted? To answer these questions, 121 opponents of nuclear …
Personal Influence, Collective Rationality, and Mass Political Action
We propose two models to explain why individuals participate in collective political action-a personal influence model and a collective rationality model. Each model overcomes the free-rider problem posed by conventional rational choice theory and left unresolved in previous research. The models are tested for legal and illegal protest behaviors, using data from a national sample and two samples of protest-prone communities in the Federal Republi…
Empirischer Theorienvergleich
Theoretischer Pluralismus und Empirische Forschung
Spätestens seit Mertons Veröffentlichungen über den Zusammenhang von Theoriebildung und empirischer Forschung (1948, 1949) gehört es zum Repertoire soziologischer Selbstreflexion, die Kluft zwischen theoretischer Arbeit und empirischen Analysen zu beklagen. Zu Recht, denn noch immer sind wirklichkeitsfernes Theoretisieren und theorielose Forschung keine Ausnahmeerscheinungen in der Soziologie
Der Tschernobyl-Effekt
Der Reaktorunfall in Tschernobyl am 26. April 1986 hat erneut zu umfassenden Protesten gegen die Nutzung der Atomenergie geführt. Aufgrund des menschlichen Leids und der gesundheitlichen Schäden, die
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