William Barr
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3606486 |
|---|---|
| NOME | William Barr |
| PRENOMES | William |
| SOBRENOME | Barr |
| ASSINATURA | BARR W |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Saskatchewan |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7711-7758 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 122 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 81 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 118 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 4 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1966 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2022 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
Eastbound Through Siberia
Erebus
What Late-Career and Retired Women Engineers Tell Us
Women engineers who graduated from college in the 1970s, a time in U.S. history when women’s entry into engineering seemed most promising but failed to gain traction, offer important perspectives on the challenges facing women engineers in the past and today. To that end, we surveyed 251 women engineers from that generation to understand their perspectives and experiences. We found that the challenges faced by so many of the women engineers refle…
White Fox and Icy Seas in the Western Arctic
Franz Boas among the Inuit of Baffin Island, 1883-1884
White Fox and Icy Seas in the Western Arctic
This book examines the challenges that confronted the peoples of the Western Arctic in the early twentieth century, a result of the collapse of the whaling industry and the nearly simultaneous rise of the market for white fox skins. The fur trade created temporary wealth for the Northerners and induced population movements throughout the region. When the price of white fox skins declined during the 1930s these peoples, who had dispersed for trapp…
Boris Aleksandrovich Kremer (1908–76)— Polyarnik
Dead Reckoning
Island of the Blue Foxes
Shturman Albanov
On 26 October 2015 the keel was laid for a remarkable new tanker at the Samsung Heavy Industries Shipyard, in Geoje, South Korea, the order having been placed by Sovcomflot, which operates the largest tanker fleet in Russia (Unicom Management Services (Cyprus) Ltd. 2015). The vessel was launched on 20 February 1916 and was named Shturman Albanov (Fig. 1). It is a shallow-draft icebreaking tanker of 42000 dwt (Unicom Management Services (Cyprus) L…
Polaris
Overland to Starvation Cove
Franklin's Lost Ship
As the name of the 2014 expedition implies, the plan was to focus on an
A new island in Zemlya Frantsa-Iosifa [Franz Josef Land]
It had long been thought that Mys Flora [Cape Flora], with all its historical associations, was located on Ostrov Nortbruk [Northbrook Island] named by Frederick Jackson after the Earl of Northbrook, President of the Royal Geographical Society, 1890–1893. Fairly recently, however it has been established that it lies on a much smaller island off the western end of Ostrov Northbruka, and separated from it by a narrow strait (Fig. 1)
Discovery of one of Sir John Franklin's ships
In the summer of 2014 a major search was mounted in the Canadian Arctic for H.M.S. Erebus and Terror , the ships of Sir John Franklin's expedition, the aim of which was to make a transit of the northwest passage. Beset in the ice to the northwest of King William Island in the summer of 1846, they were abandoned there by the 105 surviving members of their crews in the summer of 1848. The officers and men hoped to walk south to the mouth of the Bac…
Misinterpretation and obfuscation
The thrust of my note (Barr 2014), to which Ken McGoogan was responding (McGoogan 2014), was that in discovering Rae Strait in the spring of 1854 John Rae did not discover the final link in the northwest passage, since a substantial section of that particular variant of the passage some 240 km in length (namely Franklin Strait and Larsen Sound) lying further north, had not yet been discovered. McGoogan has wrongly concluded that I must therefore …
Identification of the Franklin expedition wreck
The wreck discovered by the Victoria Strait expedition in early September (Barr 2014) has now been positively identified as that of HMS Erebus. This identification was based on a thorough analysis of the acoustic imagery (side-scan and multi-beam sonar),comparison with the plans for both Erebus and Terror from the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, visual measurements made during inspection dives by Parks Canada personnel on the site (particula…
John Rae to be honoured in Westminster Abbey–but not for discovering the northwest passage
Since at least 2001 Ken McGoogan has been claiming that in discovering Rae Strait in 1854 John Rae also discovered the final link in the northwest passage. This claim is false, in that a substantial section of the passage further north, some 240 km in length (between Bellot Strait and where James Clark Ross had found the north magnetic pole) was still undiscovered in 1854. On the basis of McGoogan's false claim Mr. Alistair Carmichael, MP for Ork…
Alfred de Quervain's Swiss Greenland expeditions, 1909 and 1912
In 1909, with two companions Swiss meteorologist Alfred de Quervain travelled to the Uummannaq area of west Greenland, to the same area investigated by Erich von Drygalski in 1892–1893. A major objective was to investigate the changes in the nearby outlet glaciers since Drygalski's visit. Man-hauling sledges, de Quervain and his companions also made a sortie into the interior of the ice cap, penetrating to a distance of about 100 km and to a heig…
Of Maps and Men
The Franz Boas Enigma
Trends in the neuropsychological assessment of ethnic/racial minorities
Despite the importance of diversity variables to the clinical practice of neuropsychology, little is known about neuropsychologists' multicultural assessment practices and perspectives. The current study was the first to survey issues related to neuropsychologists' assessment of minority populations, proficiency in languages other than English, approaches to interpreting the cognitive scores of minorities, and perceived challenges associated with…
The last duty of an officer’
Lieutenant de vaisseau Joseph René Bellot, (1826–1853) participated, as second-in command, in Lady Franklin's private expedition in search of her missing husband on board Prince Albert , under the command of Captain William Kennedy in 1851–1852. Having wintered at Batty Bay on the east coast of Somerset Island, Kennedy and Bellot sledged south in the spring of 1852, to Bellot Strait, which they discovered. Having passed through the strait, they c…
Stefansson, Dr. Anderson and the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913–1918
REVIEWS
Shipwreck at Cape Flora
Benjamin Leigh Smith (1828 -1913) was in many ways unique among 19th century Arctic explorers. He was a member of a Nonconformist or Dissenting family, which meant that, not being members of the Church of England, they could not hold government office or serve in the army, or take a degree from Oxford. While they could attend Cambridge University, they could not be awarded a degree from that institution. Benjamin Leigh Smith's father, also Benjam…
Canadian Nordicity
Early photographers of the Arctic
By the early 1840s photographers were travelling widely to obtain photographic images of remote and interesting areas. Attempts at photography in the Arctic lagged slightly at the start, but these attempts were no less determined than elsewhere, despite the additional problems that the Arctic environment presented. The first Arctic expedition on which photographic equipment is believed to have been taken was Sir John Franklin's ill-fated expediti…
What Late-Career and Retired Women Engineers Tell Us
Women engineers who graduated from college in the 1970s, a time in U.S. history when women’s entry into engineering seemed most promising but failed to gain traction, offer important perspectives on the challenges facing women engineers in the past and today. To that end, we surveyed 251 women engineers from that generation to understand their perspectives and experiences. We found that the challenges faced by so many of the women engineers refle…
Geographical Aspects of the First International Polar Year, 1882–1883
1983 marks the centennial of a milestone event in the history of scientific research in the polar regions, the First International Polar Year. A total of 14 stations was established in the polar regions by 12 different nations, along with a number of subsidiary stations. Focusing primarily on meteorology, geomagnetism, and auroral studies, scientists at these stations carried out a standardized, synchronized program of observations for a full cal…
Robert Stein's expedition to Ellesmere Island 1899–1901
In the present era of instantaneous telecommunications it is scarcely conceivable that two major exploring or scientific expeditions could be planning simultaneously to operate in a particular area of the Arctic (or indeed anywhere on earth) in complete ignorance of each other's intentions until each arrived in the field. At the turn of the century, however, this was indeed possible, and did in fact happen in the case of a little-known expedition…
Rusanov , Gerkules, and the Northern Sea Route
Résumé/AbstractCet article essaie de présenter, de façon objective, la carrière du géologue et explorateur russe, Vladimir Aleksandrovich Rusanov, carrière qui culmina, en 1912, dans sa tentative de naviguer de l’ouest à l’est par la Route Maritime du Nord, où il trouva la mort.Pendant sa jeunesse, deux ans d’exil (1903-1905) dans le Nord de la province de Vologda, pour activités politiques "indésirables," semblent avoir éveillé en Rusanov un int…
Aleksandr Stepanovich Kuchin
Aleksandr Stepanovich Kuchin (1888–1912) was already an experienced mariner and oceanographer when Amundsen invited him to join the Fram expedition of 1910–12. Expecting a voyage through the Barents Sea, Kuchin found himself on an expedition to the Antarctic. While Amundsen's sledging parties sought the South Pole, Kuchin remained with the ship, completing an excellent oceanographic survey of the southern Atlantic Ocean. Returning to Russia in 19…
The fate of Rusanov's Gerkules expedition in the Kara Sea, 1913; Some Further details and recent developments
The Russian explorer V. A. Rusanov's geological expeditions to Novaya Zemlya (1908–11) gained him the experience that, in 1912, secured his appointment as leader of a government expedition to Svalbard. In the sealing ship Gerkules Rusanov and 14 others left Aleksandrovsk on 26 June, spending most of July and August staking claims, collecting specimens and inspecting coalmining operation around the islands. In late August Gerkules headed east for …
The Drift and Rescue of Solovei Budimirovich in the Kara Sea, January-June 1920
AbstractEn janvier 1920, peu avant la prise d’Arkhangelsk par les bolcheviques, le brise-glace Solovei Budimirovich partit de ce port-là pour Indiga et Mourmansk. A bord du navire se trouvaient 32 passagers, y compris des femmes et des enfants; la plupart de ces passagers étaient des fonctionnaires et des officiers “russes blancs,” avec leurs familles. Peu après sa sortie dans la Mer de Barents, SoloveiBudimirovich rencontra des glaces épaisses; …
Severnaya Zemlya
Sedov’s Expedition to the North Pole 1912-1914
Résumé/AbstractLe but de cet article est d'examiner d'un point de vue objectif, la tentative de Sedov d'atteindre le Pôle Nord en 1912-1914. Pendant sa jeunesse, Sedov a travaillé sur des navires de la Mer Noire, puis est devenu officier dans la Marine Impériale. II a exécuté des levés littoraux trés capables dans la Mer Caspienne, en Nouvelle Zemble, et en parti-culier, au delta de la rivière Kolyma. En 1912, il a présenté au gouver-nement des p…
John Rae to be honoured in Westminster Abbey–but not for discovering the northwest passage
Since at least 2001 Ken McGoogan has been claiming that in discovering Rae Strait in 1854 John Rae also discovered the final link in the northwest passage. This claim is false, in that a substantial section of the passage further north, some 240 km in length (between Bellot Strait and where James Clark Ross had found the north magnetic pole) was still undiscovered in 1854. On the basis of McGoogan's false claim Mr. Alistair Carmichael, MP for Ork…
The last duty of an officer’
Lieutenant de vaisseau Joseph René Bellot, (1826–1853) participated, as second-in command, in Lady Franklin's private expedition in search of her missing husband on board Prince Albert , under the command of Captain William Kennedy in 1851–1852. Having wintered at Batty Bay on the east coast of Somerset Island, Kennedy and Bellot sledged south in the spring of 1852, to Bellot Strait, which they discovered. Having passed through the strait, they c…
Pioneer whalers in the Ross Sea, 1923–33
On Christmas Eve 1923, the whaling factory ship Sir James Clark Ross , commanded by Captain Carl Anton Larsen and accompanied by five catchers, reached the front of the Ross Ice Shelf; these were the first whaling vessels to operate in the Ross Sea. They had been dispatched by the Norwegian whaling company Hvalfangeraktienselskapet Rosshavet, which had obtained a licence from the British government. For most of the 1923–24 season, Sir James Clark…
First landings on Zavodovski Island, South Sandwich Islands, 1819
On 24 December 1819 landing parties from each of Thaddeus Bellingshausen's ships, Vostok and Mirnyy , went ashore on Zavodovski Island, the most northerly of the South Sandwich group. Bellingshausen's second-hand account of these landings has long been available in English. This article presents (in translation) first-hand accounts of these landings by Professor Ivan Mikhaylovich Simonov, the expedition astronomer (from Vostok ), and by Midshipma…
The cold of Valparaiso’
In the autumn of 1852, convinced that a successful search for her husband's missing expedition via Bering Strait could only be guaranteed by using a steam vessel, Jane, Lady Franklin, decided to dispatch such a vessel herself (this was the third such expedition she mounted). Her choice of vessel fell on the screw schooner Isabel , which Captain E.A. Inglefield had just brought back from his search of Smith Sound and Jones Sound. The captain she s…
The career and disappearance of Hans K.E. Krüger, Arctic geologist, 1886–1930
On 19 March 1930 the German geologist, Hans K.E. Krüger, accompanied by a Dane, Åge Rose Bjare, and an Inughuk, Akqioq (the latter driving their dog sledge) set off westwards from the Royal Canadian Mounted Police post at Bache Peninsula, Ellesmere Island; two support sledges, driven by Inughuit, escorted them. It appears to have been Krüger's intention to study the geology of the coasts of the outer islands of the Canadian Arctic archipelago and…
The Crimean War in the Arctic
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First voyage to the Kolyma
Shipping on the Kara Sea section of the Soviet Northern Sea Route—to and from the mouth of the Yenisey river from the west—had been established on a regular, indeed routine, basis by the 1931 navigation season, when 16 freighters took part (Belov, 1959, p 379). At the other end of the sea route, however, the situation was radically different. Between 1923 and 1931 the mouth of the Kolyma had been served each season by only one, occasionally two, …
The Voyage of Sibiryakov , 1932
Prior to the summer of 1932 only three ships had succeeded in traversing the Northern Sea Route: Nordenskiöld's Vega in 1878–79 from Atlantic to Pacific (Nordenskiold, 1881) and the Imperial Navy icebreakers Taymyr and Vaygach from Pacific to Atlantic in 1914–15 (Starokadomskiy, 1976, p 180–262). Both of these expeditions were unable to complete the passage in one season, but were forced by ice conditions to winter in the Arctic
South to Zemlya Frantsa Iosifa! The Cruise of Sv. Anna and Al’banov’s Sledge Journey, 1912-14
AbstractCet article tente d’examiner d’une façon objective la tentative de Brusilov de naviguer de l’ouest à l’est par la Route Maritime du Nord en 1912, et le voyage par traineau d’Al’banov vers le sud, après qu’il eût quitté la Sainte Anna, navire de l’expédition, à la dérive et impuissante parmi les glaces au nord de la Terre François-Joseph. Son navire Sainte Anna, avec un équipage de 24 personnes, quitta Yekaterinskaya Gavan’ le 28 août 1912…
A new island in Zemlya Frantsa-Iosifa [Franz Josef Land]
It had long been thought that Mys Flora [Cape Flora], with all its historical associations, was located on Ostrov Nortbruk [Northbrook Island] named by Frederick Jackson after the Earl of Northbrook, President of the Royal Geographical Society, 1890–1893. Fairly recently, however it has been established that it lies on a much smaller island off the western end of Ostrov Northbruka, and separated from it by a narrow strait (Fig. 1)
The Arctic cruises of Prince Albert I of Monaco
From an early age, Prince Albert I of Monaco evinced a strong fascination for the polar regions. But it was only after 1898 that he was able to mount four scientific cruises to Svalbard on his yacht, the second Princesse-Alice . The first cruise was an oceanographical and zoological reconnaissance, aimed mainly at adding to the collections of the Musée océanographique de Monaco, the construction of which had just started. In 1899, the focus was o…
Discovery of the wreck of the Soviet steamer Chelyuskin on the bed of the Chukchi Sea
In 1933, the steamer Chelyuskin sailed from Murmansk, east bound to attempt a transit of the Northern Sea Route to the Pacific, in order to demonstrate that such a transit could be achieved in one season. The vessel became beset in heavy ice in the Chukchi Sea, and after drifting with the ice for over two months, was crushed and sank on 13 February 1934. Apart from one fatality, her entire complement of 104 people was able to establish a camp on …
A further note on the Beechey Island memorials
Some additional details of the construction of ‘Franklin's cairn’ and ‘Franklin's cenotaph’ on Beechey Island, Nunavut, Canada are presented
Devon Island Programs, 1965
The Arctic Institute of North America has made available for future research the facilities left by the Devon Island Expedition of 1960-63.These facilities consist of four Jamesway huts equipped to support research workers at the base, two Massey Ferguson tractors, one weasel and a large range of equipment designed to outfit scientists working in the field away from the base camp.In 1965, taking advantage of these facilities, two scientific progr…
PLAUTUS, Menaechmi 838
Devon Island Programs, 1967
The Arctic Institute's facilities on Devon Island were again used during the summer of 1967 by field parties studying glaciology, glacio-isostatic geomorphology, periglacial geomorphology, ornithology, and botany. In addition, an expedition photographer recorded the summer's activities with still photographs and on 16 mm. colour film. Field camps were established at various locations and the studies were pursued from these as well as from the Bas…
Postglacial Isostatic Movement in Northeastern Devon Island
Amended emergence and uplift curves are presented for the Truelove Inlet area. The new curves are based mainly on radiocarbon dates from whalebone, driftwood and basal peat. The marine limit lies at 76 m a.s.l., and dates to approximately 9450 BP, which is also considered to be the date of deglaciation; total postglacial uplift is 107 m. The rate of uplift during the first thousand years following deglaciation reached 4.05 m per century, which is…
The voyages of Taymyr and Vaygach to Ostrov Vrangelya, 1910–15
Ostrov Vrangelya, lat 71–72°N, long 178°E–177°W, is the largest island in the eastern Soviet Arctic. It has an area of 7 673 km 2 and extends approximately 120 km east-west and 60 km north-south (see Fig 1). Five different flags have been raised on it—those of Great Britain, Canada, United States, Imperial Russia, and the Soviet Union—and it has had four different names in English since its first sighting by a white man: Kellett Land, Plover Land…
Sedov’s Expedition to the North Pole 1912-1914
Résumé/AbstractLe but de cet article est d'examiner d'un point de vue objectif, la tentative de Sedov d'atteindre le Pôle Nord en 1912-1914. Pendant sa jeunesse, Sedov a travaillé sur des navires de la Mer Noire, puis est devenu officier dans la Marine Impériale. II a exécuté des levés littoraux trés capables dans la Mer Caspienne, en Nouvelle Zemble, et en parti-culier, au delta de la rivière Kolyma. En 1912, il a présenté au gouver-nement des p…
Otto Sverdrup to the Rescue of the Russian Imperial Navy
Otto Sverdrup, one of Norway's greatest explorers, is usually remembered for his participation, as captain of Fram , in Nansen's memorable drift of 1893-96, and for his remarkably successful exploratory expedition in 1898-1902, again in Fram , to what are now the Queen Elizabeth Islands. ... But several later arctic exploits of Otto Sverdrup's, although in some ways ranking equally as high as the better known expeditions, have achieved relatively…
Rusanov , Gerkules, and the Northern Sea Route
Résumé/AbstractCet article essaie de présenter, de façon objective, la carrière du géologue et explorateur russe, Vladimir Aleksandrovich Rusanov, carrière qui culmina, en 1912, dans sa tentative de naviguer de l’ouest à l’est par la Route Maritime du Nord, où il trouva la mort.Pendant sa jeunesse, deux ans d’exil (1903-1905) dans le Nord de la province de Vologda, pour activités politiques "indésirables," semblent avoir éveillé en Rusanov un int…
South to Zemlya Frantsa Iosifa! The Cruise of Sv. Anna and Al’banov’s Sledge Journey, 1912-14
AbstractCet article tente d’examiner d’une façon objective la tentative de Brusilov de naviguer de l’ouest à l’est par la Route Maritime du Nord en 1912, et le voyage par traineau d’Al’banov vers le sud, après qu’il eût quitté la Sainte Anna, navire de l’expédition, à la dérive et impuissante parmi les glaces au nord de la Terre François-Joseph. Son navire Sainte Anna, avec un équipage de 24 personnes, quitta Yekaterinskaya Gavan’ le 28 août 1912…
Operation “Wunderland”
Of all the high latitude theatres of naval operations in World War II. the Kara Sea theatre represents one of the most interesting, yet one of the least known. Hostilities in the Kara Sea were based on the belief held by German Naval Command that the Northern Sea Route was being utilized for the movement of Lend-Lease materials from the Pacific coasts of Canada and the USA to the Russian front (Armstrong 1953:823, 1955:141; Huan 1958:156; Mineyev…
Severnaya Zemlya
Charting the Russian Northern Sea Route
The First Soviet High-latitude Expedition
The ice-breaking steamer Sadko put to sea in June 1935 under N.M. Nikolayer with 35 scientists on board with the first Soviet high-latitude expedition under the charge of G.A. Ushakov. The Sadko expedition was highly successful and the forecast of a favourable ice year was accurate
The Soviet contribution to the Italia search and rescue, 1928
The story of the crash of Nobile's dirigible Italia to the north of Svalbard in 1928 and of the complex and often confused multi-national search for the survivors which ensued has become one of the best known themes in the history of Arctic exploration, and One which has given rise to a small library of books weighing every aspect of the story. While the role of the Soviet icebreaker Krasin in this story, as the vessel which reached and rescued t…
The Drift and Rescue of Solovei Budimirovich in the Kara Sea, January-June 1920
AbstractEn janvier 1920, peu avant la prise d’Arkhangelsk par les bolcheviques, le brise-glace Solovei Budimirovich partit de ce port-là pour Indiga et Mourmansk. A bord du navire se trouvaient 32 passagers, y compris des femmes et des enfants; la plupart de ces passagers étaient des fonctionnaires et des officiers “russes blancs,” avec leurs familles. Peu après sa sortie dans la Mer de Barents, SoloveiBudimirovich rencontra des glaces épaisses; …
The Voyage of Sibiryakov , 1932
Prior to the summer of 1932 only three ships had succeeded in traversing the Northern Sea Route: Nordenskiöld's Vega in 1878–79 from Atlantic to Pacific (Nordenskiold, 1881) and the Imperial Navy icebreakers Taymyr and Vaygach from Pacific to Atlantic in 1914–15 (Starokadomskiy, 1976, p 180–262). Both of these expeditions were unable to complete the passage in one season, but were forced by ice conditions to winter in the Arctic
First voyage to the Kolyma
Shipping on the Kara Sea section of the Soviet Northern Sea Route—to and from the mouth of the Yenisey river from the west—had been established on a regular, indeed routine, basis by the 1931 navigation season, when 16 freighters took part (Belov, 1959, p 379). At the other end of the sea route, however, the situation was radically different. Between 1923 and 1931 the mouth of the Kolyma had been served each season by only one, occasionally two, …
The Legal Status of the Northern Sea Route - William E. Butler Northeast Arctic passage, Alphen aan den Rijn, Sijthoff and Noordhoff, 1978, xii, 199 p, illus
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The First Tourist Cruise in the Soviet Arctic
In the summer of 1931 the icebreaking steamer Malygin sailed from Arkhangel'sk, bound for Zemlya Frantsa Iosifa with the first Soviet tourist cruise to the Arctic, the main objective being to visit the various historic sites of the archipelago. The steamer also made a rendezvous with the airship Graf Zeppelin at Bukhta Tikhaya. Other historic sites visited included Mys Flora, Bukhta Teplitsa and Camp Zeigler on Ostrov Al'dzher. Of special histori…
The Drift of Lenin 's Convoy in the Laptev Sea, 1937-1938
As a result of various miscalculations 25 ships underwent an enforced wintering at various points in the Soviet Arctic in the winter of 1937-1938. Among the vessels involved was a convoy of six ships led by the icebreaker Lenin, which spent the winter drifting in the Laptev Sea. Several of the ships were severely damaged by ice pressure, and one ship was crushed and sank. Early in 1938 all superfluous personnel were flown south to Tiksi in an eme…
General Miller's flight from Arkhangel'sk, February 1920
On 27 September 1919, having destroyed most of their military equipment to prevent it from falling into the hands of the Bolsheviks, the last of the allied troops involved in the ‘Intervention’ at Arkhangel'sk led by General Edmund Ironside were evacuated from the city by sea. The White forces of General Yevgeniy K. Miller were then left to face the Bolsheviks alone (Strakhovsky, 1971, p 229; Silverlight, 1970, p 256; Maclaren, 1976, p 121; Halli…
Baron Eduard von Toll's Last Expedition
Zarya, the expedition vessel of the Russian Polar Expedition of 1900-1903 mounted by the Imperial Academy of Sciences and led by arctic geologist Baron Eduard von Toll, sailed from St. Petersburg on 21 June 1900. Toll planned to spend a first winter on the little-known east coast of Poluostrov Taymyr, and a second winter on "Zemlya Sannikova", a landmass which he believed lay to the north of the Novosibirskiye Ostrova. Owing to ice conditions, Za…
Aleksandr Vasil'yevich Kolchak
Aleksandr Vasil'yevich Kolchak is undoubtedly best remembered by history for the role he played in the Russian civil war, and especially for his role as ‘Supreme Ruler of All the Russias’, in sole command of the White Russian armies in Siberia and with his seat of government at Omsk (Fleming, 1963, p 111). Probably the best-known incident of his entire career is the one that ended it: in the early hours of 7 February 1920, by the light of a lorry…
Canadian Nordicity
The First Soviet Convoy to the Mouth of the Lena
In 1933 the newly-formed Glavsevmorput' (Chief Administration of the Northern Sea Route) dispatched the first convoy of freighters via the Northern Sea Route to the mouth of the Lena to deliver cargoes bound for the Yakut ASSR. It consisted of three freighters and was escorted by the icebreaker Krasin. Despite heavy ice conditions in the Kara Sea two of the ships reached Tiksi, their destination, and unloaded their cargoes. The third ship, bound …
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